Code Girls: What’s in a name? · 3/11/2020 · Code Girls: What’s in a name ? We began with...

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Program begins at 2 p.m. EST March 11, 2020

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World War II Code Girls: What’s in a Name?

Women during World War II were filling new roles such as Cryptographers or “Code Girls.” These positions were in many branches of the military as well as Federal agencies. Due to varied types of service and last name, locating the "Code Girl" personnel records presents a unique challenge. Reference

Archives Specialist Cara Moore Lebonick, takes you through the process of tracking down “Code Girl” personnel records at the National Archives at St. Louis and deciphering what they can reveal!

Ms. Lebonick will broadcast in remotely via video from her

workplace in St. Louis.



Presenter’s Biography

Cara Moore Lebonick

Cara Moore Lebonick is currently a Reference Archives Specialist for the National Archives and has worked with us since 2013. She searches and provides access to individual personnel records of former military and civil servants of the Federal government. Before coming to the National Archives, Cara has worked in a variety of museums and positions. She is also an American Studies Ph.D. student at Saint Louis University studying community building in St. Louis during the New Deal, where she has a Master of Arts in the same field. She has additional degrees from Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville including: a Bachelor's Degree in History; a Master's Degree in History; and a Post baccalaureate in Museum Studies.

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Code Girls: What’s in a name?

Cara Moore Lebonick A female code breaker and member of the WAVES (Women National Archives at St. Louis Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) program operated a Naval Security Station cryptanalytic machine to help decode Archives Reference Specialist enemy communications during WWII. (National Archives, RG 457)

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rlARllUlG: You are warned not to discuss an:r aotivi.tie1 or ~ovemants o~ locations or v•ss8la; nol" to participate ·11 ,1 press couforC'lce or tali o reporter:s or over the rudio exoeij after conaultation •1. th and clear-ance of' a111t.1o0,t._W!_' e,i:obl'. aL ,»'q~ _rya~t_ons officer of' the liaT7 l'Lll:A TIU t K t;A VE OF ABSENCE ol" Coast Guard.

RESEARCH S ERVI CES

Code Girls: What’s in a name? Code Girls: What’s in a name?

Code Girls: Popular Research and Genealogical Subject

“Code Girls” is a somewhat vague descriptor for the various titles and types of employment held by these women. Liza Mundy details many of these variations in her book Code Girls, The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II. These variations are well-known by the National Archives at St. Louis staff.

On March 22, 2019, the Library of Congress Veterans History Project hosted five “Code Girls” in a ceremony at their facility.

There have been several other commemorations in recent years about these women who worked diligently to interpret enemy messages. These have lead to an increase in reference requests for “code girl” personnel records and have forced our staff to become intimately knowledgeable on how to find them.

A notice against speaking about job specifics when on leave. (National Archives, RG 64)

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NAT I ONA L AR.C H I VES· R.ES EAR.C H S E R.V I C E S


Code Girls were employed by a number of different federal agencies and served multiple branches in a military capacity.

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RESEARCH SE RVI CES

Notes of a Name Change


A woman’s name change, due to marriage, can make locating a code girl record more difficult.

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(Photo courtesy of Kaylah Jackson)

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The Library of Congress Code Girl ceremony write-up included their pictures and scrapbooks. Our staff was able to find one Official Personnel Folder (OPF) -- after following a trail with several twists and turns.


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“S. Virginia Dalton”

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We began with the employing agency, “War Department”, and her known name at the time of service, Ms. S. Virginia Dalton -- due to the SF50 (pictured left).

However, Dalton married during her time as a federal employee and there was no information in place for a “Ms. S. Virginia Dalton” other than a cross reference that led to Mrs. Virginia D. Yerby!

Staff located the full OPF, but under her married name. We have great scans from Dalton’s record, including her service award letter and application.

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Excerpts from Lt. Edythe McDowell’s Coast Guard OMPF

Some code girls worked on the decoding machines and served in the military.

RG 64, U.S. Coast Guard

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Because of t.he increase in the, use of pu.nc.'\ed- ca:rd tabul.at.Jng :m.('LChineo by "the Cryptana1ytic Secti.on of Coinw:ucations it has beCO!lle ne ce-ssar:, to p:rovi~ for an ±ncre~ in ma.chine operator p~$onnel for that Section and to place the sup erv.1.si.on of machine operat;Lons, Wleler the direction of SP experienced person. _'

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Multiple Military Files

Those who served in military branches had less direct titles, as they held rates or rank, as Ensigns and Officers, with speciality duties.

Engsigns who showed an aptitude for code breaking could move up, but first after succeeding in specialized training and sought out.


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Valuable Skills

These records corroborate Mundy’s claim -- that these women were commonly picked up from colleges and universities for their technical and language skills.


RG 64, U.S. Coast Guard RG 24, U.S. Navy RG 26, U.S. Coast Guard

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!l'.\cl, (A) rom 1~220 in dupl1eu,e .

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Women like Suzanne Harpole Embree excelled quickly despite no previous experience in cryptography.

RG 24, U.S. Navy


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Post War

Post war, some women held on to their specialized positions, though it was more rare.


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All Black Group of Code Girls

William D. Coffee headed an all black group of female cryptographers. One of them was Ethel Just, whose Efficiency Rating is pictured.

Like many civilian employee records, it is difficult to track down these individuals. This is due to no longer existing roster or administrative listing that survived the record schedule to destroy them.


RG 146, Dept. of the

Army/Air Foce

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" l.i:i.hed t.o....,. •orl.d l&rII • •---• _ ,.. ..... ,. fioto17 1.1~ &ad the Aaitricaa -.... --. ,..,, U,1\ Co-..ndotion hibbon.

20 M11rcb 1946

To I.leutco-.rit (Jg) &uz flnn• H. H~le, U.S. 11.R., ·••el ~Mlcll.1:lnn• AMU, ln7 Deparbenl., Washlngton, D.C. .....

8'J~J: fiavy Unh. C~•31!..ltlon, Aw:at"4 or.

1. Th• vt'ltted Stst .. If.an t C:0-lcat.lon Int,lll1er11:e CraanluUo.-, hi• bHn aN.rded the tr:1vy Cnh. ~:r.¢ation tor 1ervtce d 'J.rt:ig I.he l)41r~od? Dte~ber 1941 to 2 _~pte::JMr 19'1~. 17 'f'lrV.1• or 70-.ir Hr• vie• in t.hit unit 01.1nr..g th1• pt,rlOI!, y,c,1,1 •r• ti.retq aut.borlud t.O ,rur Uw, }f,1v7 Unh Colrm.• :id&Lio:i Rib~ tr•~-I LUd h•r .. lt.b,

l. Thie aut.horiu~ion bu ti.en .ad•• put. or )'our orrtclll ~cord in t.t-A Bun._u or i:ravd !'er•onntl. U. 1• direct.cs t..-.,,._t., baoaua• or tb.o r,t,.t.lU'"• of t.M urvku perfoni.d ty tMe unit., no publicity t,ci j1Vt l'l t.~ l,'CIU'I' r,c,!p~ of thh •nrd.

!I)' direct.Ion or tbe Chlor or :'fav&l Ptr•orui.J.

A. t . IU.JIDD't • L1•u\., 051ft,

"-!&l• Uld Aft.rd,.

NAT I ONAL ARCH I VES RE SEARC H

lltu r:. 'Jtr(1A1a Ii&lt"" •tlltar," Crjj,ta.nal;tie ~r.eh Sic:>al Soeur1t7 Aire""1

l)e.,- IUU llalto,, I

S ERVI CES

-'t·· "'lP:-11'"'d. t) ·c ::,· t ~ s~~r<>t.c1.-:, 1 e~. I rt'11 l i.; ,_._._!-;. -~ a:ta:tc

r .. r l_ • • "'"""11.

l ~.4l'V<',

ic o tc

"' - J (I I /.(; I Ma;;:, _,C I d. //vi,~',./ , • !"ttLJ .. ,. l • ~ ~

1 "'I' S .; rJ-e. l •

Both civilian federal and military service were rewarded for their actions


RG 146, Dept. of the Army/Air Foce

RG 24, U.S. Navy

19

(UI ~~- .

~~~-j~4~ NATIONAL ARCHIVES Research Services

NATIONAL ARCHIVES· RESEARCH SERV I CES

Code Girls: What’s in a name? Requesting these records:

OMPF- SF180 submitted via postal mail or through eVetRecs

OPF-Please provide name, maiden name as applicable, date of birth, employing agency, or best guess, as well as location of employment to:

[email protected] or National Archives Archival Department 1 Archives Dr. St. Louis, MO 63138

If you believe federal service may have gone beyond 1952, please submit your request in writing with a signature to:

National Personnel Record Center Civilian Personnel Records Annex 1411 Boulder Blvd Valmeyer, IL 62295

20

mailto:[email protected]

(UI ~~- .

~~~-j~4~ NATIONAL ARCHIVES Research Services


Questions?

Cara Moore Lebonick

21



After the live broadcast . . .

Email questions to [email protected]

Video recording of the lecture will remain online at

www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records



http://www.archives.gov/calendar/genealogy-fair/




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Code Girls: What’s in a name? · 3/11/2020 · Code Girls: What’s in a name ? We began with...

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Transcript of Code Girls: What’s in a name? · 3/11/2020 · Code Girls: What’s in a name ? We began with...