CoCouurrtt RReeppoorrttiningg:: BBaadd GGrraammmmaarr// … · 2019. 1. 2. · 9/2/2012 9-9-03 1...
Transcript of CoCouurrtt RReeppoorrttiningg:: BBaadd GGrraammmmaarr// … · 2019. 1. 2. · 9/2/2012 9-9-03 1...
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Court Reporting:Court Reporting:Bad Grammar/Bad Grammar/
Good PunctuationGood Punctuation©©
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The Comma That SeparatesThe Comma That Separates
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We reviewed his file,, ma’am..
I know she started May 4,, 2011..
He works in Hammond,, Indiana..
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Well,, she was not really a part of it..
When did it end,, to your knowledge??
By the way,, he couldn’t solve the
problem that we were having..
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The Comma That Sets OffThe Comma That Sets Off
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We reviewed his file,, ma’am,, before
we hired him to work for us..
I know she started May 4,, 2011,, but
stayed just six months..
He works in Hammond,, Indiana,, at
the courthouse there..
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She was,, well,, not really a part of it..
When,, to your knowledge,, did it end??
He couldn’t,, by the way,, solve the
problem that we were having..
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AA We worked until well after
midnight that night.. There was a rush
order that we had to get out..
The next morning I was
awakened by a call from........
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AA I was walking with my daughter..
We were talking,, and I was not really
paying attention to what was going on
around me.. We were discussing her
college applications..
All of a sudden,, there was a loud
bang.. When I looked up........
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AA She said,, ““How am I to do it?”?”
I said,, ““Figure it out.. This is
what we pay you for.”.”
She said, “, “This is beyond what I
was hired to do.”.”
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QQ What was the conversation??
AA He said, “, “Get out.”.”
She said, “, “I think not.”.”
He said, “, “You have to.. This is
not working out.”.”
She said, “, “I am staying.”.”
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QQ What was the conversation??
AA He said, “, “Get out.”.”
She said, “, “I think not.”.”
““You have to.. This is not
working out.”.”
““I am staying.”.”
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THE COURT:THE COURT: Overruled..
Please do not answer..
Reframe your question,, Counsel..
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AA I believe it was on the 15th that
the ----
Would you read that question
back to me,, please..
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Put a period after a grammatically
complete sentence that makes a
statement or issues a command.
RuleRule
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Her plan does not include health
benefits.. I could not use it..
I had very little to do with what
happened later.. That’s it..
He expected me to finish it.. I didn’t..
What did you say?? I am sorry..
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Leave now.. You may still make it for
the last train..
Hand me the piece of paper from
there on the table.. It is Exhibit 1..
Send it via email.. I will check for it..
Have it delivered.. Thank you..
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DefinitionDefinition
A run-on is the combination of two
sentences that do not have a
conjunction between them but
that are punctuated with a comma
or with nothing at all.
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Ray got into the work early in the
day,, Joe did not..
Ray got into the work early in the
day.. Joe did not..
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I did not hear what you said,, I’m
sorry..
I did not hear what you said.. I’m
sorry..
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We left with the understanding it
would be handled,, that’s it..
We left with the understanding it
would be handled.. That’s it..
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We do not need it at this point
thank you..
We do not need it at this point..
Thank you..
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DefinitionDefinition
A polite request is a sentence that
asks for action or information.
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A polite request can never be
answered with a simple yes or no.
These are simply not responsive to
the request.
DiscussionDiscussion
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A polite request correctly begins
with will or would.
DiscussionDiscussion
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QQ Would you state your name for
the record,, please..
AA No.. I cannot do that..
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QQ Will you state your name for the
record,, please..
AA Okay..
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QQ Would you please hand me the
file that is marked ““Debits.”.”
AA No.. I cannot do that..
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QQ Would you please hand me the
file that is marked ““Debits.”.”
AA Okay..
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Put a period after a polite
request.
RuleRule
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QQ Will you explain how it
happened that you were there..
AA She had arrived early and had
called me to come over..
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QQ Would you turn to page 5 of this
exhibit and look at the second
paragraph..
AA Sure..
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CanCan andand CouldCould
Used IncorrectlyUsed Incorrectly
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QQ Can you hand the document
you are holding to your counsel..
QQ Can you put your initials in the
top corner of the page..
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The Gray Area…The Gray Area…
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QQ Can you give me the names..
AA Jim,, Robert,, and Martin..
QQ Can you give me the names??
AA I don’t have a clue who those
people were..
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QQ May we have this marked for
identification..
QQ May we have this marked for
identification??
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DefinitionDefinition
A indirect question always occurs
in a dependent clause and does not
use question word order.
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An indirect question has the “feel”
of a question but simply doesn’t
have the “form” of a true question.
DiscussionDiscussion
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Direct Question
What time did you leave??
Indirect Question
I am asking what time you left..
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Direct Question
When did the surgery take place??
Indirect Question
I am wondering when the surgery
took place..
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Direct Question
How far was it to his office??
Indirect Question
I want to know how far it was to
his office..
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DefinitionDefinition
A fragment is an element that does
not stand alone as a complete
grammatical thought.
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……because she is not here……
……on the corner……
……that he was there alone……
……near the base of the skull……
……very late yesterday afternoon……
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Put a period after a fragment that
stands for a complete thought.
RuleRule
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Punctuate a fragment the same way
that you would punctuate the
grammatically complete sentence
that it stands for.
DiscussionDiscussion
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Not with him in that car.. I was alone..
Eight.. There were only eight..
In the back.. That’s absolutely true..
I intended to give that to you this
morning.. Sorry..
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QQ What day did this happen??
AA Friday.. I think it was the 5th..
QQ Where did you see her??
AA At the beach.. She was alone..
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QQ Were you involved at all??
AA Minimally.. I did little on that..
QQ When did you enter into that??
AA The 16th.. Maybe it was the 17th..
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QQ How far did you travel that day??
AA Only a couple of hundred miles..
I was really tired..
QQ Where did you stop??
AA At a little motel.. We were out in
the middle of nowhere..
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The Issue ofThe Issue of
YesYes andand NoNo
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When what follows yes and no
echoes the words of the question,
use a comma.
RuleRule
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QQ Did she call you that night??
AA Yes,, she did..
AA Yes,, she called..
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QQ Was he agitated??
AA No,, he was not agitated..
AA No,, he wasn’t..
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When what follows yes and no
does not echo the words of the
question, use a period.
RuleRule
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QQ Did she call you that night??
AA Yes.. She asked about the loan..
AA Yes.. She talked to my mom..
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QQ Was he agitated??
AA No.. He was amazingly calm..
AA No.. He was in control..
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ButBut andand BecauseBecause
Make NO DifferenceMake NO Difference
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QQ Was she in attendance??
AA No.. But she sent a colleague..
AA Yes.. Because she was in charge..
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Is this a time when a semicolon
might work?
NO.
DiscussionDiscussion
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The CombinationThe Combination
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QQ Did she react well to the news??
AA Yes,, she did.. She embraced her
new position..
AA No,, she didn’t.. She broke down
right away..
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YesYes oror NoNo at the Endat the End
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QQ Did you see her after she quit??
AA We met several times,, yes..
AA I did not see her at all,, no..
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YesYes oror NoNo in the Middlein the Middle
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QQ Was he visibly upset??
AA He reacted rather violently,,
yes,, and seemed to be over the edge..
AA I couldn’t tell,, no,, that he was
upset in any way..
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QQ Did you send the form in??
AA I did not have it initially;; but,,
yes,, I did send it eventually..
AA She did not give it to me;;
and,, no,, I had no way to send it in
otherwise..
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UhUh--huhhuh andand UnhUnh--UnhUnh
and Their Friendsand Their Friends
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The rules for uh-huh and unh-unh
and yep and nope are exactly the
same as for yes and no.
RuleRule
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Yep,, I did accompany her..
She was in surgery by the time I gotthere,, uh-huh..
I made every effort;; but,, unh-unh,, we
weren’t able to make that contact..
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Repeating the AnswerRepeating the Answer
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QQ How near to you was it??
AA It was no more than ten feet..
QQ It was no more than ten feet..
Did you have a clear view??
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QQ Who told you that??
AA It was Joe Ross..
QQ Joe Ross told you that..
Did you trust him??
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QQ What did she indicate??
AA She indicated it would be no
later than the 24th..
QQ The 24th..
Was that a guaranteed date??
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QQ When did you pay the final??
AA I think it was in May..
QQ In May..
In your mind,, was that it??
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The Big Five:The Big Five:
OkayOkay.. All RightAll Right.. Very WellVery Well..
FineFine.. Great.Great.
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What does the attorney mean when
he uses one of these words?
Q Okay. Did you go to…?
And should we paragraph after the
big five?
DiscussionDiscussion
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QQ Was surgery inevitable??
AA It was a definite..
QQ Okay.. When did you tell him??
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QQ Were you alone in this??
AA I felt alone..
QQ All right.. Fine.. Did you reach…?…?
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QQ I asked you about that Tuesday..
AA It was finalized on that Tuesday..
QQ Great.. Okay.. Fine.. Were you...?...?
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The CombinationThe Combination
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QQ Who led in sales??
AA Mark Johnson.. He was always
first..
QQ Mark Johnson.. Okay.. Great..
Did he work from your branch??
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The ObjectionThe Objection
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Objection.. Asked and answered;;
compound,, unintelligible..
Objection ---- asked and answered,,
compound,, unintelligible..
Objection:: Asked and answered;;
compound;; unintelligible..
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Objection.. Asked and answered;;
Compound.. Unintelligible..
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THE APP
If you don’t have a QR reader,
download “QR Scanner” by Grip’d for the
iPhone;
go to www.qrdroid.com for the Adroid.
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If you want a text message to come
to your phone for new blog posts,
opt in by texting
txtrs MargieWW TO 368638.
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QQ How many?? Do you know??
QQ Who helped you?? Your brother??
QQ How long was it?? More than a
month??
QQ What did you tell her?? The truth
or the lie you had been spreading??
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The Attorney:The Attorney:
ClarifyingClarifying
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QQ Whom did you see?? I am talking
about when you first got there..
QQ How long was the surgery?? I am
referring to the surgery on the 4th..
QQ How much more did you spend??
On your sister,, I mean?(.)?(.)
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The Attorney:The Attorney:
DoubleDouble--CheckingChecking
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QQ Whom did you see?? Do you
recall??
QQ How long was the surgery?? Do
you have an estimate??
QQ How much more did you spend??
Do you know??
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The Attorney:The Attorney:
Two QuestionsTwo Questions
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QQ Whom did you see?? Where were
they??
QQ How long was the surgery?? Did
you do the follow-up??
QQ How much more did you spend??
Did you buy everything for her??
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The Attorney:The Attorney:
Leading the WitnessLeading the Witness
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QQ Whom did you see?? Your
brother??
QQ How long was the surgery??
Several hours??
QQ How much more did you spend??
More than $100??
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The JudgeThe Judge
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THE COURT:THE COURT: Sustained..
Next question,, Counsel..
THE COURT:THE COURT: Morning recess..
Back in 15 minutes..
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QQ Did you eat strawberries??
QQ Did you eat blueberries??
QQ Did you eat kiwi??
QQ Did you eat papaya??
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QQ Did you eat strawberries??
blueberries??
kiwi??
papaya??
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QQ Did you eat strawberries??
blueberries?? kiwi?? papaya??
QQ Did you eat strawberries??
Blueberries?? Kiwi?? Papaya??
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QQ Was the car you saw red?? blue??
gray?? brown??
QQ What color was the car you saw??
Red?? Blue?? Gray?? Brown??
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QQ Did you call 9-1-1?? your doctor??
the hospital??
QQ Which one did you consider
purchasing?? The large one?? The small
one?? One of the others??
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QQ Who did that work for you??
Your admin assistant?? Your clerk??
Your bookkeeper??
QQ How did you find out?? Who told
you?? The doctor??
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The Case forThe Case for RightRight
and Its Friendsand Its Friends
TrueTrue andand CorrectCorrect
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When the content of two
sentences is very closely related,
use a semicolon between the two
sentences.
RuleRule
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She worked alone;; he worked with
the others..
My brother lives in Seattle;; my sister
lives in Florida..
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DefinitionDefinition
A tag clause is added to a sentence
that is a statement in order to turn
it into a question.
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The only reason to use right, true, or
correct is to turn a sentence
expressed as a statement into a
question.
DiscussionDiscussion
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There are two kinds of tag clauses:
those that echo the original
statement
those that use right, true, and
correct
DiscussionDiscussion
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When the tag clause echoes the
statement, use commas.
RuleRule
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He was with the company ten years,,
wasn’t he??
Her leg was not broken,, was it??
They had signed the papers for the
loan,, had they not??
I am correct,, am I not??
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He was with the company ten years,,
wasn’t he,, when you discovered the
second set of books??
Her leg was not broken,, was it,, at the
time you examined her??
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When the tag clause has its own
subject and verb and comes at
the end of the sentence, use a
semicolon in front of it.
RuleRule
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He was with the company ten years;;
is that correct??
Her leg was not broken;; is that right??
They had signed the papers for the
loan;; isn’t that true??
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You testified last Friday in your
deposition that the man you saw was
wearing a brown winter coat that
seemed to be oversized and that he
had his hands in the pockets and
that there was a bulge in the right-
side pocket.. Is that correct??
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When the tag clause has its own
subject and verb and comes in the
middle of the sentence, use a pair
of dashes around it.
RuleRule
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He was with the company ten years ----is that correct?? ---- when youdiscovered the second set of books??
Her leg was not broken ---- is thatright?? ---- when you examined her??
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Punctuate a fragment the same
way that you would punctuate
the grammatically complete
sentence that it stands for.
RuleRule
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He was with the company ten years;;
correct??
Her leg was not broken;; right??
They had signed the papers for the
loan;; true??
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He was with the company,, right,, ten
years,, right,, when you discovered,,
right,, the second set of books??
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A Word AboutA Word About OkayOkay
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Put a period in front of okay when
it comes at the end of a sentence.
Use an interrog or period after it,
depending upon the intonation
used.
RuleRule
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You say you insisted the doctor run
additional tests.. Okay..
I am going to show you several
exhibits that were all marked at the
same time yesterday.. Okay??
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Surround okay with dashes in the
middle of the sentence if it is
asking a “legitimate” question.
Otherwise, treat it as a
throwaway.
RuleRule
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You can speak with your attorney ----
is that okay?? ---- before we go on..
She was standing,, okay,, next to me
and was,, okay,, acting weird,, okay,,
and proceeded to start screaming..
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Put a period in front of the other
comments that come at the end
of the sentence. Let them stand
as their own question.
RuleRule
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She regularly exceeded 40 hours a
week.. Is that fair??
You lived just a block from the
beach.. Is that what you are saying??
There were nine children.. Is that
what I am to understand??
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THE GENERAL RULE:
put a number that is ten or under
into words and a number that is
eleven and over into figures.
RuleRule
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……more than these four are needed……
……more than these 14 are needed……
……sent five just yesterday……
……sent 32 just yesterday……
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THE CONSISTENCY RULE:
Express numbers that are in the
same area of the transcript and
measure the same or similar
things in a like manner.
RuleRule
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……have 12 and need six more……
……have 12 and need 6 more……
……showed three but need 13……
……showed 3 but need 13……
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In the ThousandsIn the Thousands
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……1400 more today……
……1,400 more today……
……37 thousand increase……
……37,000 increase……
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Beginning with 1,000,000Beginning with 1,000,000
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……over 7,000,000……
……over 7 million……
……over a million……
……over 1 million……
……sending 975,000 today and well over3,000,000 this week……
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……a 7,000,000-a-day rate……
……a 7 million-a-day rate……
……sending 975,000 today and well over3,000,000 this week……
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PercentagesPercentages
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……over 6 percent……
……over 35 percent……
……a 7 percent increase……
……the 3 percent raise……
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FractionsFractions
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……up by a third……
……up by one third……
……two thirds of the group……
……increased by three fourths……
……a one-third decrease in sales……
……three-fifths rate……
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……9 and 2/3rds……
……9 2/3……
……7 3/4 of the total……
……up by 5 3/8……
……8 3/4 decrease in size……
……9 7/8 rate……
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……went up by one third and 7 2/3……
……went up by 1/3 and 7 2/3……
……a margin of two thirds for him andwell over 4 3/4 for her……
……a margin of 2/3 for him and wellover 4 3/4 for her……
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……sent only a half……
……sent only one half……
……two and a half or more……
……2 1/2 or more……
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A DilemmaA Dilemma
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In our era of “searchable”
documents, we might have to
rethink how we transcribe numbers.
Only we are focusing in on the “way”
something is said.
DiscussionDiscussion
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He said
“…“…at five o’clock…”…”
what do you transcribe??
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……at five o’clock……
……at 5 o’clock……
……at 5:00……
……at 5:00 o’clock……
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He said
“…“…in 2-O-8…”…”
what do you transcribe??
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……in 2-08……
……in 2’08……
……in 2008……
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He said
“…“…earned four or five thousanddollars on that job…”…”
what do you transcribe??
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……four or five thousand dollars……
……four or 5,000 dollars……
……four(-) or $5,000……
……4 or $5,000……
……4- or $5,000……
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