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![Page 1: Cockroaches and Their Control Dr. Richard M. Houseman Department of Entomology University of Missouri.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052618/551a666f5503463e778b5c39/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cockroaches and Their Cockroaches and Their ControlControl
Dr. Richard M. Houseman
Department of Entomology
University of Missouri
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Cockroaches
• Order Blattaria– 3,500 species worldwide– 55 species in U.S.
• Incomplete metamorphosis• Food Scavengers
– Preferences vary by species
• Warm, moist habitats– Domestic/peridomestic
• High reproductive capacity– Oviparous, ovoviviparous,
viviparous
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Life History• Life Stages
– Eggs• Normally produced in egg cases called ootheca• Hatch within 30-60 days, depending on species• Some species lay no eggs, or they hatch internally
– Nymphs• Most active feeding stage for molting and growth• Live for 30-350 days, depending on species
– Adults• Intermittent feeding and reproduction• Live for 2-52 weeks, depending on species
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Cockroach Biology
• Habitats– Active at night– Prefer warm, moist environments
• Near food and water sources• Protected harborages are very important
– Domestic species occur indoors• Peak feeding just after dark and just before dawn
– Peridomestic populations not limited to indoors• Peak feeding after dark until middle of night
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Cockroach Biology• Feeding and Nutrition
– Cockroaches are not proud…just hungry
– Chewing mouthparts• Feed on a wide variety of
things--starches, greases, sweets, decaying organic matter, feces, garbage, etc.
– Contamination• Regurgitation and defecation
on food• Pheromone secretions
(characteristic odor)
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Cockroach Biology
• Reproduction– Chemicals and sound used to attract mates
• Female attracts male
– Antennal contact is essential• Primarily on cuticle and antennae
– Copulation• May last for hours
• Package of sperm deposited
• Males of some species seal vaginal opening
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Missouri Cockroaches
• 5 Common Species– German– Brown-banded– American– Oriental– Pennsylvania wood
• Domestic and peridomestic
• Can be identified by the egg case or adult stage
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Domestic Cockroaches
• German cockroach(Blatella germanica)
– ½ inch; grayish-tan; two stripes pronotum;
• ootheca slender, 1/3”, light brown
– Ootheca carried for 3weeks• 1 day; 30-40 eggs; 4-8 ootheca
• Nymphs stage lasts 35-60 days
• Adults live 4-6 months
– Variety of foodstuffs
– Mostly kitchens and bathrooms
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Domestic Cockroaches• Brown-banded cockroach
(Supella longipalpa)
– ½ inch; red-brown; light stripe across abdomen;
• ootheca small, ~1/4”, barrel-shaped
– Attached ootheca• 40-60 days; 18 eggs; 12-16 ootheca
• Nymph stage 3-5 months
• Adults 4-8 months
– Variety of foodstuffs
– Throughout homes• Appliances, ceilings, walls
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Peridomestic Cockroaches• American cockroach
(Periplaneta americana)
– 1½ inch; red-brown; yellow margin of pronotum
• ootheca large, >1/3”, barrel-shaped
– Attached ootheca• 30-50 days; 14 eggs; 16-20 ootheca
• Nymph stage 6-20 months• Adults 12-14 months
– Decaying organic matter– Moist, shady areas outdoors– Drains, basements, boiler
rooms inside
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Peridomestic Cockroaches• Oriental cockroach
(Blatta orientalis)
– 1 inch; dark brown; shiny; no distinctive markings
• ootheca large, >1/3”, barrel-shaped
– Attached ootheca• 40-60 days; 16 eggs; 6-8 ootheca
• Nymph stage 6-20 months• Adults 12-14 months
– Decaying organic matter, filth– Moist, shady areas outdoors– Sewers, drains, basements
inside
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Peridomestic Cockroaches• Wood cockroaches
(Parcoblatta pennsylvanica)
– 2/3 inch; dark brown; slender; yellow margin on pronotum, wings
• Ootheca slender, curved, >1/3”
– Ootheca deposited under bark
– Rarely breed indoors• Nuisance pests in May, June
– Decaying organic matter
– Incidental invaders• Infested firewood often the cause
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Cockroach Control
• Cultural– Sanitation is key
• Chemical (>200 products)– Baits
• Most important part of roach control• Should be placed near harborage
– Nymphs most susceptible– Adult females less susceptible
• Don’t place in treated areas• Can be transmitted via feces
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Cockroach Control
• Chemical– Liquids
• Crack and crevice spray– Directed at harborage
– Helpful to get females
– Quick knockdown
• Space sprays– Gives some residual activity
– Shouldn’t use this during baiting program