Cobol Keywords

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COBOL KEYWORDS


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INTRODUCTION

Keywords are special, predefined syntactic meanings in

a program

In COBOL, the keywords are reserved, and cannot be

used as identifiers.


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ADD statement

ADD & SUBTRACT statement

ADD : ADD A,B GIVING C ROUNDED.

EX: 77 A PIC 99V999 VALUE IS 23.412.

77 B PIC 99V999 VALUE IS 35.273.

77 C PIC 99V9 VALUE IS 42.3.

ADD A,B GIVING C ROUNDED

after execution the value of c will be 58.7 instead of 58.685.

SUBTRACT :

SUBTRACT 10 FROM A , B.

SUBTRACT A ,B FROM C .

SUBTRACT A FROM B GIVING C ROUNDED.

after execution, the value of c will be 11.9 instead of 11.861


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MULTIPLY & DIVIDE STATEMENT

MULTIPLY : MULTIPLY A BY B GIVING C.

MULTIPLY 10 BY A , B GIVING X,Y.

x would have product of 10 and A.

Y would have product of 10 and B.

DIVIDE : 77 A PIC 9(2) VALUE IS 15.

77 B PIC 9(2) VALUE IS 5.

77 C PIC 9(2) VALUE IS 34.

DIVIDE A BY 3 GIVING C.

DIVIDE 5 INTO A.

DIVIDE 5 INTO A GIVING B.

DIVIDE 3 INTO A GIVIING B,C.

DIVIDE C BY B GIVING A REMAINDER D.


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COMPUTE STATEMENT

All the computations performed by the other four arithmetic statementscan be done by using only the COMPUTE statement.

Syntax : COMPUTE Identifier-1 = Arithmetic expression.

Example :

COMPUTE A = ( ( B + C ) / ( D E ) ) * 100


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ON SIZE ERROR OPTION

If after an arithmetic operation, the result exceeds the largest value

that can be accommodated in the result field, the ON SIZE ERROR

occurs.

Useful in detecting overflow, zero division

It is an optional phrase

Syntax :

< Arithmetic statement > ON SIZE ERROR Imperative Statement.


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ACCEPT & DISPLAY

ACCEPT

Syntax:

ACCEPT identifier [ FROM {mnemonic-name / system variable}]

mnemonic-name is the device identifier as defined in SPECIAL-NAMES

paragraph in ENVIRONMENT DIVISION

system variable may be DATE,DAY,TIMEDISPLAY

Displays data on the console.

Syntax:

DISPLAY [ Identifier-1/ Literal-1] , {Identifier-2 / Litera

l-2}. . .

[UPON mnemonic-name]

[WITH NO ADVANCING]


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DATAMOVEMENT MOVE VERB

Moves data values from literal to identifier, or identifier to identifier

DOES NOT ACTUALLY MOVE BUT COPIES

Numeric data is aligned according to decimal point and receiving field is

padded with zeroes

Alphabetic / alphanumeric data is left justified in receiving field

Syntax:

MOVE Literal-1 [, Identifier-1] TO Identifier-2 [, Identifiers-3]. . .


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DATAMOVEMENT MOVE VERB


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GROUP MOVE Data items in GROUP MOVE is considered to be alphanumeric

01 DATE

05 DD PIC 99

05 MM PIC 99 MOVE 123 TO DATE

05 YY PIC 99

Contents after MOVE DD-12, MM-30, YY-00

MOVE CORRESPONDING

Data items of one group are moved to data items of another

group-If names of corresponding data items of both groups

are identical-no use of move statements


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MOVE CORRESPONDING ID-1 TO ID-2

RULES

Identifiers 1,2 must refer to group items

Data items must have same data names

Corresponding items can have different locations within the group

Field size can be different

MOVE CORRESPONDING

Example

01 PAY-REC 01 PROFILE

02 IDNUM PIC 9(2) 02 IDNUM PIC 9(3)

02 NAME PIC X(30) 02 DEPT PIC X(3)

02 SALARY PIC 9(7)V99 02 SALARY PIC 9(6)V9

02 NAME PIC X(35)

MOVE CORRESPONDING PAY-REC TO PROFILE


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Partial fields can be moved in COBOL85

EXAMPLE

77 ABC PIC X(5) VALUE COBOL

77 XYZ PIC X(5)

MOVE ABC(3 : 3) TO XYZ BOLbb

PARTIAL MOVE


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CONTINUE & EXIT

The CONTINUE statement allows to specify a no

operation statement.

CONTINUE indicates that no executable instruction ispresent.

The EXIT statement provides a common end point for

a series of programs.


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GOTO STATEMENT

Unconditionally transfers control from one part of

program to other part of program

Format:GO TO Paragraph name

Cant track the flow of the program


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EVALUATE STATEMENT

Evaluate statement is used when different actions are to

be specified for different values of an identifier.

Syntax :EVALUATE Identifier-1

WHEN Identifier/Literal Imperative Statement(s)

WHEN OTHER Imperative Statement(s)

END-EVALUATE.

Example : EVALUATE MARKS

WHEN 50 THRU 100 MOVE A TO GRADEWHEN 0 THRU 49 MOVE B TO GRADE

WHEN OTHER MOVE WRONG TO GRADE

END EVALUATE.


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EXAMINE AND INSPECT STATEMENTS

EXAMINE and INSPECT are used to tally and/or replace the

occurrences of a single character or a group of characters in a

data field.

Syntax :

EXAMINE identifierTALLYING [ALL/LEADING/UNTIL FIRST]

literal-1 REPLACING BY literal-2

INSPECT identifier-1 TALLYING identifier-2 FOR

[ALL/LEADING] identifier -3 [BEFORE/AFTER] INITIAL

identifier-4

In Examine, a counter variable tally is used as default but in

inspect, we need to declare the counter variables.


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Example

77 A PICX(5) VALUE IS EERIE

EXAMINE A TALLYING ALL E Tally Register =3

EXAMINE A TALLYING LEADING E Tally Register=2

EXAMINE A REPLACING UNTIL FIRST I BY P A=EERPE

MY-STRING = ANANTA KUMAR MAITY

INSPECT MY-STRING TALLYING TALLY-COUNTFOR

ALL A. IfTALLY-COUNT=08, now TALLY-COUNT=13

MY-STRING = BACDABCZPABCABCPQ

INSPECT MY-STRING TALLYING TALLY-1 FOR ALL

ABC BEFORE INITIAL . AFTER INITIAL Z.

IfTALLY-1=02, now TALLY-1=04


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STRING

Concatenates two or more strings into a single data

item

Syntax:

STRING Identifier-1 DELIMITED BY [ ALL ]

Identifier-2 DELIMITED BY [ ALL ]INTO destination-string

[ WITH POINTER pointer integer]

[ ON OVERFLOW statement block]

[ NOT ON OVERFLOW statement block]

[ END-STRING ]


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UNSTRING

Used to divide a string into sub strings

Syntax:

UNSTRING Identifier-1 DELIMITED BY [ ALL ]

Identifier-2 DELIMITED BY [ ALL ]

INTO destination-string[ WITH POINTER pointer integer]

[ ON OVERFLOW statement block]

[ NOT ON OVERFLOW statement block]

[ END-UNSTRING ]


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THANK YOU

Cobol Keywords

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