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COCO mmonmmon BBusinessusiness- -OO rientedriented LLanguageanguage

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CobolCobol- it is one of the earliest andoldest high-level programminglanguage.

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* COBOL was developed in 1959 by a group of computer professionals called the Conference onData Systems Languages (CODASYL). Since 1959 ithas undergone several modifications and

improvements.

* In an attempt to overcome the problem of incompatibility between different versions of COBOL,

the American National StandardsInstitute (ANS

I)developed a standard form of the language in 1968.

This version was known as American NationalStandard (ANS) COBOL.

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In 1974, ANS I published a revised version of (ANS) COBOL, containing a number of featuresthat were not in the 1968 version.

* In 1985, ANS I published still another revised

version that had new features not in the 1974standard.

most notably structured language constructs("scope terminators") , including

END- IF , END-PER F ORM , END-READ , etc.

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* Object-oriented COBOL is a subset of COBOL 97, which is the fourth edition in thecontinuing evolution of ANS I/I SO standardCOBOL. COBOL 97 includes conventional

improvements as well as object-orientedfeatures. Like the C++ programming

language, object-oriented COBOLcompilers are available even as the

language moves toward standardization.

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COBOLCOBOL

The language continues to evolve today. In the early1990s it was decided to add object-orientation in the nextfull revision of COBOL. The initial estimate was to have thisrevision completed by 1997 and an ISO CD (CommitteeDraft) was available by 1997. Some implementers(including Micro F ocus , F ujitsu , Veryant , and IBM)introduced object-oriented syntax based on the 1997 or other drafts of the full revision. The final approved ISOStandard (adopted as an ANS I standard by INC ITS) was

approved and made available in 2002.

Like the C++ and Java programming languages, object-oriented COBOL compilers are available even as thelanguage moves toward standardization. F ujitsu and MicroF ocus currently support object-oriented COBOL compilers

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The 2002 (4th revision) of COBOL includedmany other features beyond object-orientation.

These included (but are not limited to):National Language support (including but not

limited to Unicode support)Locale-based processing

User-defined functionsCALL (and function) prototypes (for compile-time

parameter checking)Pointers and syntax for getting and freeing storage

Calling conventions to and from non-COBOLlanguages such as C

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The language that automated businessAllows names to be truly connotative -

permits both long names (up to 30characters) and word-connector characters

(dashes)Every variable is defined in detail - this

includes number of decimal digits and the

location of the implied decimal point

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F ile records are also described withgreat detail, as are lines to be output to aprinter - ideal for printing accounting

reportsOffers object, visual programmingenvironmentsClass Libraries

Rapid Application CapabilitiesIntegration with the World Wide Web

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COBOL, long associated with greenscreens, core dumps, and traditionalmainframe connections, may at first

glance seem at odds with objecttechnology, push-button graphical

interfaces, and interactive developmentenvironments. This perceived

incongruity, however, is more areflection of the mainframes ability to

keep pace with the innovations of desktop and client-server computingthan a flaw in the COBOL language

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Sample Program

Description

This program demonstrates the text output function of the COBOLprogramming language by displaying the message "Hello world!.

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