GUIDED BY

PROF. M. S. BHAGAT

PRESENTED BY

MR. N.T. SHRIRAMEM-TECH (ENV. ENGG-I) 2014-15

Introduction

• Water resources are important to both society and ecosystem. We

depend on a reliable, Clean supply of drinking water to sustain our

health.

• We also need water for agriculture, energy production, navigation,

recreation, and manufacturing.

• For any living being water is the primary needs, for which water has

the greatest importance.

• Without foods human can survive for a number of days, but water is

such an essential element that without it he cannot.

Freshwater Availability

70% of Earth's surface is water of which 97.5% is salt water and

2.5% is freshwater.

Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible (the

majority is frozen in ice caps or exists as soil moisture).

Below is a further breakdown of freshwater use and availability.

8

Agricultural

•Irrigation

•Livestock farming

Industrial

•Production of goods and

energy

•Transportation of goods

•Process water

Domestic• Drinking water

• Food preparation

• Sanitation

• Personal hygiene

• Cultural asset

• Gardening, Car wash

ECO

SYSTEM

HU

MAN

USE

Plants

AnimalsPhotosynthesis

SoilsAquatic Systems

• Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition

areas between land and sea, including large inland lakes.

• In coastal region max salt water present.

• Many of the world's major cities are located in coastal areas, and a

large portion of economic activities.

• At present, about 1.2 billion people live in coastal areas globally,

And day by day increasing population.

• Thus, traditional resource-based activities, such as coastal fisheries,

aquaculture, forestry and agriculture, are found side by side with

activities such as industry, shipping and tourism.

• As a result, in the future much larger, younger populations can be

expected in the coastal areas.

•These future coastal residents will demand employment, housing,

energy, food, water and other goods and services, thus presenting a

substantial development challenge.

• Coastal areas are extremely important for the social and economic

welfare of current and future generations.

BUT MAIN PROBLEM ARE…….

• In coastal areas max salty water.

• Saltwater contains excessive chloride, which is harmful for humans.

• When chloride enters the body as a result of skin contact or by

swallowing, it reacts with the water to produce acids which are

corrosive in nature and which can damage cells and tissues.

• Chloride also has bad effects on the environment.

• It produces leaf burn and adversely affects crops, Chloride ions can

contribute to heart disease and blood pressure, also affects aquatic

life in the region.

• Sea water doesn’t support irrigation, crop production or

consumption.

• The coastal areas have very fragile resource base that effects the

economy, agricultural and other activities.

• It is estimated that 90 percent of the world's fish production is

dependent on coastal areas at some time in their life cycle.

• The key water quality parameters are temperature, turbidity, primary

productivity, biochemical oxygen demand and concentration of

pathogens such as coli-form bacteria.

PROPERTIES OF WATER

1. Turbidity 2.5 NTU

2. Colour 5 to 20 ppm

3. Odour 1 to 3 TON

4. Temperature 50 to 72 degree celsius

5. pH 6.6 to 8.5

6. Hardness 75 to 115 ppm

7. Chloride 250 mg/l

8. Sulphate < 250 mg/l

9. Iron < 0.3 ppm

10.Manganese < 0.05 ppm

11.Nitrate 45 mg/l

NATURAL HAZARDOUS IN COASTAL

AREAS

• Coastal Hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal

area to risk of property damage, loss of life and environmental

degradation.

• Disasters that include but are not limited to; storms, tsunamis,

typhoons, flooding, etc.

• It affects millions of people, Around ten million people globally

feel the effects of coastal problems yearly and most are due to

certain natural hazards like coastal flooding with storm surges and

typhoons.

SAVE WATER

SAVE LIFE