Coastal Navigation

Jack DaleISPA Yachtmaster Offshore

InstructorCYA Advanced Cruising Instructor

Navigational Equipment Plotters Dividers Hand Bearing

Compass Shiprsquos Compass TSD Computer Calculator Pencils Erasers

Binoculars Knotmeter Depth Sounder

Lead Line Watch Barometer GPS VHF Radio

Plotter Portland Plotter Douglas

Protractor Parallel Rules Course Arm

Plotter

Dividers One handed

Straight

Used for Measuring

distance Determining

Latitude and Longitude

Hand Bearing Compass Used to take

bearings Lines of

position Danger

bearings

Navigational Equipment Plotters Dividers Hand Bearing

Compass Shiprsquos Compass TSD Computer Calculator Pencils Erasers

Binoculars Knotmeter Depth Sounder

Lead Line Watch Barometer GPS VHF Radio

Plotter Portland Plotter Douglas

Protractor Parallel Rules Course Arm

Plotter

Dividers One handed

Straight

Used for Measuring

distance Determining

Latitude and Longitude

Hand Bearing Compass Used to take

bearings Lines of

position Danger

bearings

Plotter Portland Plotter Douglas

Protractor Parallel Rules Course Arm

Plotter

Dividers One handed

Straight

Used for Measuring

distance Determining

Latitude and Longitude

Hand Bearing Compass Used to take

bearings Lines of

position Danger

bearings

Dividers One handed

Straight

Used for Measuring

distance Determining

Latitude and Longitude

Hand Bearing Compass Used to take

bearings Lines of

position Danger

bearings

Hand Bearing Compass Used to take

bearings Lines of

position Danger

bearings

Shiprsquos Compass Binnacle Compass Bulkhead

Compass

Fluxgate Compass Digital compass Sensor

Nautical Slide Rule Time speed

distance calculations

Calculator Time speed

distance calculations

Can be used for celestial navigation

Pencils Erasers O9 mm pencil Soft lead

White erasers

Fluxgate Compass Digital compass Sensor

Nautical Slide Rule Time speed

distance calculations

Calculator Time speed

distance calculations

Can be used for celestial navigation

Pencils Erasers O9 mm pencil Soft lead

White erasers

Nautical Slide Rule Time speed

distance calculations

Calculator Time speed

distance calculations

Can be used for celestial navigation

Pencils Erasers O9 mm pencil Soft lead

White erasers

Calculator Time speed

distance calculations

Can be used for celestial navigation

Pencils Erasers O9 mm pencil Soft lead

White erasers

Pencils Erasers O9 mm pencil Soft lead

White erasers

Binoculars 7 X 50 May have

built-in compass

Knotmeter Measures speed

through the water

Usually includes a trip log Distance covered

Depth Sounder Lead Line Used to

measure depths

Be aware of offset

May not work at extreme depths

Clock Watch Shiprsquos clock is

official time

Barometer Used to make

weather forecasts Rapidly falling

barometer indicates severe weather

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Knotmeter Measures speed

through the water

Usually includes a trip log Distance covered

Depth Sounder Lead Line Used to

measure depths

Be aware of offset

May not work at extreme depths

Clock Watch Shiprsquos clock is

official time

Barometer Used to make

weather forecasts Rapidly falling

barometer indicates severe weather

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Depth Sounder Lead Line Used to

measure depths

Be aware of offset

May not work at extreme depths

Clock Watch Shiprsquos clock is

official time

Barometer Used to make

weather forecasts Rapidly falling

barometer indicates severe weather

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Clock Watch Shiprsquos clock is

official time

Barometer Used to make

weather forecasts Rapidly falling

barometer indicates severe weather

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Barometer Used to make

weather forecasts Rapidly falling

barometer indicates severe weather

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

GPS Position finding Speed over

ground Velocity made

good ETA Horizontal datum

should match chart

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

VHF Radio Marine weather

forecasts Notices to

Shipping GMDSS Communication

with other vessels marinas

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Navigational Publications Notices to Mariners Chart 1 - Symbols

and Abbreviations Catalogue of

Nautical Charts and Related Publications

Sailing Directions Current Atlas

Canadian Aids to Navigation System

Tide and Current Tables

List of Lights Buoys and Fog Signals

Radio Aids to Marine Navigation

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Other Publications International Regulations for the

Prevention of Collisions at Sea (ColRegs)

Safe Boating Guide

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Charts a graphic representation of a

maritime area and adjacent coastal regions

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Chart Information Charts show

depths of water and heights of land natural features of the seabed details of the coastline navigational hazards locations of natural and man-made aids to

navigation information on tides and currents local details of the Earths magnetic field man-made structures such as harbours and

bridges

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Chart Classification Sailing Charts

Offshore passages 1600000 Very little detail

General Charts Making landfalls 1150000 to 1600000

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Chart Classification Coastal Charts

Inshore navigation 150000 to 1150000

Harbour Charts Navigating harbours and

waterways Larger than 150000

Large scale = lots of detail

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Care of Charts Use soft pencils only Use white erasers only Level flat surface Keep them updated Keep them dry

Use below decks Stow flat folded

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Reading Charts Title Block Chart Symbols and Abbreviations

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Title Block Region

Identification Main Title Scale

Identification Projection

Identification

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Title Block Depths Notes Elevation Notes Horizontal Datum Source

Classification Symbol

Reference Notes (Chart 1)

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Title Block Tides and Current

Notes Aids to Navigation

Notes Cautionary Notes Conversion Table

Metres Feet Fathoms

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Compass Rose Variation May be as

many as four per chart

May vary Use the

closest one

Transferring Charts Determine position Determine range and bearing to

object on both charts Verify with latitude and longitude

Important Chart SymbolsRock awash at chart datum

Dangerous underwater rock of 2m (6 ft) or less

Important Chart Symbols

Rock which covers and uncovers with drying height

Rock which does not cover with elevation

Important Chart Symbols

Kelp

Wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure

Important Chart SymbolsWreck masts visible

Flood current direction with rate

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart SymbolsRock awash at chart datum

Dangerous underwater rock of 2m (6 ft) or less

Important Chart Symbols

Rock which covers and uncovers with drying height

Rock which does not cover with elevation

Important Chart Symbols

Kelp

Wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure

Important Chart SymbolsWreck masts visible

Flood current direction with rate

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart Symbols

Rock which covers and uncovers with drying height

Rock which does not cover with elevation

Important Chart Symbols

Kelp

Wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure

Important Chart SymbolsWreck masts visible

Flood current direction with rate

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart Symbols

Kelp

Wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure

Important Chart SymbolsWreck masts visible

Flood current direction with rate

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart SymbolsWreck masts visible

Flood current direction with rate

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart SymbolsWhirlpools eddies

Wd

Weed seabed

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart SymbolsUnderwater cable

Limit of restricted area

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Important Chart SymbolsLighted navigational aid (not floating)

Church

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Coordinates Latitude (L)

Parallels run east and west Denote location north or south of the Equator Poles are 90ordm North and 90ordm South

Longitude (λ) Meridians run north and south Denote location east or west of Prime Meriden

Greenwich Converge at poles

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Latitude and Longitude

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Graticule This latitudelongitude webbing

is known as the common graticule

Location can be specified by both latitude and longitude

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Deception Pass

L 48 244rsquoN

122 402W

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Degrees Minutes Seconds 360 degrees in a circle

Symbol ordm 60 minutes in a degree

Symbol 60 seconds in a minute

Symbol

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Formats Latitude ndash Longitude

DM DegreeMinute L 49ordm 300rsquo N λ123ordm 300rsquoW

DMS DegreeMinuteSecond L49 ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoN λ123ordm 30rsquo 00rdquoW

DD Decimal Degree L495000ordm N λ1235000ordmW generally with 4 decimal numbers

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Chart Projections Mercator

ldquoNormalrdquo projection for charts Polyconic

May be used in the Great Lakes

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Mercator Projection

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Conic Projection

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

The Ships Compass and North Cardinal Points

North East South West

North is usually at the top

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

North True North

No variation or deviation Magnetic North

Accounts for variation only Compass North

Accounts for variation and deviation

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Variation Difference between

true north and magnetic north

North pole and magnetic pole differ

Annual change Found on compass

rose Varies globally

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Compass Rose 004 12degW 1985 (8 E) 45ordm West variation in

1985 8rsquo annual change Current variation 3ordmW

8 X 1960 = 1424ordm change

45 ndash 15 = 3 Subtract when annual

change and variation directions differ

Add when same

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Deviation Difference between shiprsquos compass and

magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on

vessel Relative to vesselrsquos heading Found on deviation card table No deviation in hand bearing compass

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass

000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175

015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189

030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204

045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218

060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234

075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249

090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265

105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281

120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198

135 0 135 315 0 315

150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334

165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Deviation Card Created by

Compass compensator

Self Checked using

ranges or transit

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the shiprsquos compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions

Correcting Compass to True

Uncorrecting True to Compass

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Compass to True Conversions

Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections

Correcting Compass heading +- Deviation = Magnetic

heading +- Variation = True heading Add East

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Converting True to Compass

Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings

Uncorrecting True heading +- Variation = Magnetic

heading +- Deviation =Compass heading Add West

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Correcting Examples

Compass

Deviation

Magnetic

Variation

True

124 16degW

253 12 degW

165 17 degE

337 13 degE

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Uncorrecting Examples

True Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

017 13 degE

073 11 degW

206 9 degE

268 21 degW

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Time Speed Distance Distance

Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of

latitude 115 statute miles (6080 feet) 185 kilometers

Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per

hour) Time

Measured in minutes

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

The formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed

times time D=(ST)60 S=60DT T=60DS

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Guidelines

Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots

Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and

20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots How far have you travelled

2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500 At what time should you depart if your speed 6 knots

3) You leave Sidney for Ganges a distance of 15 miles You arrive 4 hours later What was your speed

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Answers

1 D=ST 606 X 240 60 = 26 miles

2 T=60D S60 X 20 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140

3 S=60D TS=60D T60 X 5 240 = 375 knots

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log

Deck Log

Course (add east)

TIME POSITION C D M V T S SET DFT CMG SMG D REMARKS

• Coastal Navigation
• Navigational Equipment
• Plotter
• Dividers
• Hand Bearing Compass
• Shiprsquos Compass
• Fluxgate Compass
• Nautical Slide Rule
• Calculator
• Pencils Erasers
• Binoculars
• Knotmeter
• Depth Sounder Lead Line
• Clock Watch
• Barometer
• GPS
• VHF Radio
• Navigational Publications
• Other Publications
• Charts
• Chart Information
• Chart Classification
• Slide 23
• Care of Charts
• Reading Charts
• Title Block
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Compass Rose
• Transferring Charts
• Important Chart Symbols
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Coordinates
• Latitude and Longitude
• Graticule
• Deception Pass
• Degrees Minutes Seconds
• Formats
• Chart Projections
• Mercator Projection
• Conic Projection
• The Ships Compass and North
• North
• Variation
• Slide 50
• Deviation
• Working Deviation Table
• Deviation Card
• Accounting for Variation and Deviation
• Compass to True Conversions
• Converting True to Compass
• Correcting Examples
• Uncorrecting Examples
• Time Speed Distance
• The formula
• Guidelines
• Examples
• Answers
• Deck Log