Coastal management strategy in Kourou, French Guiana

Longueville F.1, Sigwald R.2, Verneyre L.1, Grisel M.2

1 BRGM - French Geological Survey, French Guiana Regional Division, Domaine de Suzini –

Route de Montabo, BP 10552, 97333 Cayenne Cedex 2, France

Email: F.longueville@brgm.fr and l.verneyre@brgm.fr

2 ARTELIA 6, rue de Lorraine · 38130 Echirolles · France

Email: robin.sigwald@arteliagroup.com and marianne.grisel@arteliagroup.com

Abstract for the 10th conference of the international society for integrated

Disaster Risk Management

French Guiana is an overseas department of France, part of the Guianas coast of South America.

The Guianas coast is the world’s longest muddy coast and one of the most active, due to the im-

portant sediment discharge from Amazon, which migrates alongshore as mud banks. Depending on

the position of the mud banks, the coastline is more or less vulnerable to erosion and marine sub-

mersion. In 2016, the city of Kourou has faced several severe sea-storms and damage mainly on

public infrastructures. At that period, the shoreface of Kourou was in an ‘inter-bank’ phase (position

between two mud banks), thus particularly vulnerable to coastal erosion by waves. Consequently,

the Kourou city council decided to implement a strategy for the sustainable management of its coast-

line at short, mid and long-term.

An innovative approach for French Guiana including three phases was conducted. The first step was

to evaluate human, economic and environmental issues through field surveys of the population to

qualify the typologies of habitats, to identify their perception of coastal risks and to address the dif-

ferent coastal uses. Secondly, we determined the coastal hazards (erosion and marine submersion)

in a complex hydrosedimentary system at different timescale. Finally, management scenarios and

their economic analyzes were compared and combined to provide decision keys for the town plan-

ning strategy.

The results of public surveys showed that the population knows little about the sedimentary function-

ing of the beach and coastal evolution in general. However, the population would be ready to be

relocated, if there are not viable technical solutions, conscious of the natural processes at stake.

From several hypotheses and from a statistical analysis, the position of the coastline was projected

by 2030 and 2050 and the marine submersion was carried out for a 30-year and 100-year return

period. Considering the local dynamics, the modeling was done in the most unfavorable case of

‘inter-bank’ phase. The different scenarios were phased in the short, medium and long term. In the

short term, the goal is to provide protection of the population from erosion, using cost effective and

2

reversible technical solutions. Then the implementation of medium-term solutions combining beach-

nourishment, dune profiling and front-line relocation can be studied more thoroughly. These medium-

term actions can enable the municipality to manage the risk of marine submersion with a positive

cost-benefit ratio. Finally, the long-term scenarios consider territorial recomposition and adaptation

to climate change and coastal risk and flooding exposition.

Keywords

Erosion, submersion, Coastal management, muddy coast, sandy coast

MEETING FORMAT*

*Select an option (X).

X Regular Poster Presentation

Young Scientist Poster Presentation

Regular Oral Presentation

Young Scientist Oral Presentation

Symposia

Roundtable

3

AREAS*

Natural hazards

Seismic

X Flooding

Subsidence

Hurricanes

Landslides

Volcanic eruption

Wildfire

Technological and manmade hazards

Chemical and petrochemical industry

Nuclear industry

New and emergent technologies

Transportation

Natech

Critical infrastructures

Cyber attacks

Terrorism

Complex hazard interactions and sys-

temic risks

X Climate change and its impact

Natech

Epidemics / pandemics

Critical infrastructures

TOPICS*

*Select an option (X)

Learning from experience

X Organizations, territories and experience feedback

Expertise and knowledge management

Weak signals

Early warning systems

Social and human sciences for risk

and disaster management

X Human, organizational and societal factors

X Risk perception, communication and governance

Systemic approaches

Risk and safety culture

Resilience, vulnerability and sustainability: concepts and

applications

History and learning from major accidents and disasters

Territorial and geographical approaches to major acci-

dents and disasters

Social and behavioral aspects

4

Cross-disciplinary challenges for inte-

grated disaster risk management

Compound/cascading disasters (simultaneous and/or co-

located) and Mega-disasters

Connecting observed data and disaster risk management

decision-making

Practical applications of Integrated Disaster Risk Man-

agement

Development and disasters

Build Back Better (than Before)

Disaster-driven innovation and transformation

STGs and disaster governance

Complex systems

X Complexity Modeling

System of Systems / Distributed Systems

Critical Infrastructures

Probabilistic Networks

Economics and Insurance

Disaster impacts and economic loss estimation

X Cost-benefit approaches

Insurance and reinsurance

Decision, risk and uncertainty

Decision aiding and decision analysis.

Disaster risk communication

Ethics.

Gender

Responsibility

X Governance, citizen participation and deliberation

Community engagement and communication

X Scientific evidence-based decision-making, modelling

and analytics

Policy analysis

Uncertainty and ambiguity

X Multi-criteria decision aid and analysis

Operational research

Artificial intelligence, big data and text

data mining

Disaster informatics, big data, etc.

Deep learning

Neural networks

Experts systems

Text data mining

5

Engineering Models

Numerical modelling & functional numerical modeling

Formal models / formal proofs

Model-based approach

Safe and resilient design and management.

Legislation, standardization and im-

plementation

Certification and standardization.

Regulation and legislation.

Legal issues (scientific expertise, liability, etc.).

Precautionary principle and risk control and mitigation.

SIGNIFICANCE TO THE FIELD*

*Select an option (X)

Demonstrates current theory or practice

Employs established methods to a new question

Presents new data

Presents new analysis

Presents a new model

Groundbreaking

Assesses developments in the field, in one or more

countries

X Other (Please specify) Coastal erosion

EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS*

*Select an option (X)

Theoretical

Applied

Theoretical and Applied

Review

Perspective

Other (Please specify, e.g. success/failure practices, les-

sons learned, and other implementation evidence)

How to Cooperate?

Integrated Approaches to Risk Management in Germany

Eva Stock1, Ina Wienand

1, Christine Eismann

1

1 German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK)

Email: evamaria.stock@bbk.bund.de

Abstract

Critical infrastructures play a vital role in providing the population with essential goods and ser-

vices such as water, energy, health or telecommunication. In modern societies ever growing com-

plexities and interdependencies among critical infrastructures intensify the consequences of criti-

cal infrastructure disruptions on the population. In case of a disaster, emergency management

organisations (EMO) as well as critical infrastructure operators (CIO) need to work together to

minimise negative effects on the population and ensure a minimum supply with goods and ser-

vices. Putting a focus on the process of risk management and preparation for disasters, coopera-

tion is essential to establish a comprehensive emergency planning for civil protection. Usually,

EMO and CIO implement instruments of risk and crisis management, however with a different

perspective: EMO focus on protecting the population, whereas CIO concentrate on protecting

staff and maintaining their operational processes. For an effective emergency planning, it is neces-

sary to integrate the risk management processes of EMO and CIO. In practice however, govern-

ance on a regional and local level is complex: In risk management cooperation among CIO, EMO

and public administration could be further intensified and harmonised and should be considered

as an opportunity.

To address this gap, the German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK)

developed the approach of an Integrated Risk Management (IRM), which combines the perspec-

tives of EMO and CIO in the process of risk management implementation. In the context of the

BMBF funded research project CIRMin, BBK aims to find out what kind of information should be

exchanged between CIO and EMO and how to facilitate communication and cooperation among

the actors. Exchanging information, communication and cooperation are key factors for a smooth

and successful implementation of risk management. Consequently, this presentation demon-

strates how to use IRM to address governance complexities and to enhance cooperation in critical

infrastructure protection. It provides evidence from the practical implementation of IRM on the

regional and local level and shows how the concept of IRM was brought into the field of stand-

ardisation resulting in “DIN SPEC 91390: Integrated Risk Management in Civil Protection”. IRM as

multi-level and cross-sectoral approach serves as tool to foster cooperation and thus to enhance

resilience to critical infrastructure failure.

Keywords

risk management, critical infrastructures, emergency management, resilience, cooperation

2

MEETING FORMAT*

*Select an option (X).

Regular Poster Presentation

Young Scientist Poster Presentation

x Regular Oral Presentation

Young Scientist Oral Presentation

Symposia

Roundtable

3

AREAS*

Natural hazards

Seismic

Flooding

Subsidence

Hurricanes

Landslides

Volcanic eruption

Wildfire

Technological and manmade hazards

Chemical and petrochemical industry

Nuclear industry

New and emergent technologies

Transportation

Natech

x Critical infrastructures

Cyber attacks

Terrorism

Complex hazard interactions and

systemic risks

Climate change and its impact

Natech

Epidemics / pandemics

x Critical infrastructures

TOPICS*

*Select an option (X)

Learning from experience

Organizations, territories and experience feedback

Expertise and knowledge management

Weak signals

Early warning systems

Social and human sciences for risk

and disaster management

Human, organizational and societal factors

x Risk perception, communication and governance

Systemic approaches

Risk and safety culture

x Resilience, vulnerability and sustainability: concepts

and applications

History and learning from major accidents and disasters

Territorial and geographical approaches to major acci-

dents and disasters

Social and behavioral aspects

4

Cross-disciplinary challenges for in-

tegrated disaster risk management

Compound/cascading disasters (simultaneous and/or

co-located) and Mega-disasters

Connecting observed data and disaster risk manage-

ment decision-making

x Practical applications of Integrated Disaster Risk Man-

agement

Development and disasters

Build Back Better (than Before)

Disaster-driven innovation and transformation

STGs and disaster governance

Complex systems

Complexity Modeling

System of Systems / Distributed Systems

x Critical Infrastructures

Probabilistic Networks

Economics and Insurance

Disaster impacts and economic loss estimation

Cost-benefit approaches

Insurance and reinsurance

Decision, risk and uncertainty

x Decision aiding and decision analysis.

Disaster risk communication

Ethics.

Gender

x Responsibility

x Governance, citizen participation and deliberation

Community engagement and communication

Scientific evidence-based decision-making, modelling

and analytics

Policy analysis

Uncertainty and ambiguity

Multi-criteria decision aid and analysis

Operational research

Artificial intelligence, big data and

text data mining

Disaster informatics, big data, etc.

Deep learning

Neural networks

Experts systems

Text data mining

5

Engineering Models

Numerical modelling & functional numerical modeling

Formal models / formal proofs

Model-based approach

Safe and resilient design and management.

Legislation, standardization and im-

plementation

x Certification and standardization.

Regulation and legislation.

Legal issues (scientific expertise, liability, etc.).

Precautionary principle and risk control and mitigation.

SIGNIFICANCE TO THE FIELD*

*Select an option (X)

x Demonstrates current theory or practice

Employs established methods to a new question

Presents new data

Presents new analysis

x Presents a new model

Groundbreaking

x Assesses developments in the field, in one or more

countries

Other (Please specify)

EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS*

*Select an option (X)

Theoretical

Applied

X

Theoretical and Applied

Review

Perspective

Other (Please specify, e.g. success/failure practices,

lessons learned, and other implementation evidence)

‘Sense of Community’ under Disaster Risks. Is it a catalyst of Participation?

Subhajyoti Samaddar1

Hirokazu Tatano1

1 Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University

Email: samaddar@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Abstract: Community participation in the decision making process has been argued recently as a

critical mechanism for enabling the social implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR)

strategies. However, it will be a mistake to consider that communities are homogenous entities and

the participation of any sections of the community fairly represent the concerns and interests of

the entire population. Communities are rarely a homogenous whole and their heterogeneity creates

real problem for selection, representation and accountability of individuals, which brings an

immense challenge to practitioners and planners to successfully carry out the participatory

programs. The sections of community, who are often isolated from the mainstream political and

social organizations, are also often left unaware of opportunities for participation or they find it

difficult break the system. Similarly, the question oftentimes encountered in community

participation is who has the right to speak for the community? Determining who is a legitimate

representative of the community is actually far from straightforward. This calls for the necessity

of redefining the community. To define a community, a ‘sense of community’ is arguably the

most critical component. It is characterized by caring and sharing among the people in a

community, mutual respect and service to others that enable collective action to address local

concerns and bring desired changes. Consequently, to design an effective participation program,

the need for cultivating the “sense of community” is generally accredited. However, as community

participation demands important costs including personal time, energy, social credits and so on,

community members display varying degree of sense of community. Some neighbors may value

membership, others may not. The condition under which this sense of community is displayed may

vary as well. A neighborhood affected by a disaster may come together during the disaster but not

sustain a pattern of caring and sharing after the disaster had passed. Therefore, there is need to

redefine the community, need to identify factors and process of how the sense of community is

formed as a response to , in the aftermath of and in adopting to long term disaster risk. Theses

often-cited overarching issues in disaster management have received relatively little theoretical or

empirical attention until recently. Hence, this study will show empirical findings from flood prone

informal settlements in Mumbai about what constitutes sense of community and how it contributes

to participatory disaster risk management.

Keywords : Sense of Community, Participation, Flood, Mumbai.

Applicant: William Siembieda, Department of City and Regional Planning, California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Title: What we learn by applying the entry and exit transitions model Abstract: The entry and exit transitions of dynamic risk model set down by Shi, Jaeger and Ye (2012: 20) was an important step in, and a fundamental tool for, researching and understanding risk governance. The model proports that there are multiple equilibriums levels in the social economic system, each subject to endogenous and exogenous inputs that can be understood through by integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. Exit transitions include are all of the dynamics occurring in the recovery process, including the socio-economic systems (SES) as well as the physical (housing and infrastructure), and how well the system can learn from past perturbation occurrences. Entry transitions determine how well the SES was be able to deal with risk that exceeds its current coping capacity. It says little however, on how to link the implications of the disaster event to the larger societal framework. Shi, Jaeger and Ye tested this approach through using a set of developed case studies (several large cases in China, one in Europe and a brief one in the US), and called for more case studies to provide data for estimating the model parameters, and for comparative analysis. It was not clear however, how to apply the model to other cases. This paper examines six other cases through the lens of the entry-exit transitions model. The cases presented in the Johnson and Olshansky book After Great Disasters (2016). They include a China case, an extensive US case, several cases on Japan, one on New Zealand, one on India and one on Indonesia. Their findings will be added to those in the Shi, Jeager, and Ye cases, in order to assess the entry-event-transition models contribution as a risk governance tool. This work is in the area of risk governance theory. It focuses on improving the conceptual basis for integrated risk analysis. Johnson, L. and R. Olshansky. After Great Disasters: How Six Countries Managed Community Recovery. (2016). Cambridge, MA. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Shi, P. Jaeger, C, and Q. Ye (Editors) Integrated Risk Governance: Science Plan and Case Studies of Large Scale Disasters (2013) Beijing Normal Press and Springer.