Coastal eco system
-
Upload
salambarc -
Category
Environment
-
view
254 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Coastal eco system
AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATIONS TO AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN COASTAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS OF BANGLADESHECOSYSTEMS OF BANGLADESH
Dr. Md. Abdus SalamPost Doctoral Fellow, Kansas State University and
Principal Scientific OfficerBangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka 1
Bangladesh
2
� Bangladesh predominantly is an agricultural country with a populationof over 160 million
� Around 60% of the population engaged in agriculture
� The total area is 14.85 million ha of which 62% are arable (8.2 million ha)
� Irrigated area covers 55% of the total cultivated land
Background
3
� Agriculture contributes about 20%
to the national economy, which
includes -
Crops(12.3%),Fisheries(3.7%)&
Livestock (4%)
� Long history of Agricultural
Research - started in 1908
Background
4
� Major crops are rice, wheat, jute,
maize, potato, fruits, vegetables,
pulses, oilseed, and spices
� Fisheries (inland and marine) and
livestock are also productive sector
Background
5
Cultivated Area Under Different Crops
6
Rice
73%
Wheat
6%
Pulses
4%
Oil Seeds
3%
Spices
2% Fibers
4%
Sugar Cane
1% Tea
1%
Tobacco
1%
Vegetables
2%
Potato
1%
Fruits
2%
Others
1%
Coastal Area
7
Source: GoB (2012), Master Plan for Agricultural Development in Southern Bangladesh
8
2214CR%
22387,362Bangladesh
4912,213Coastal
Urban Centre
VillageRegion
Source: GoB (2012)
Distribution of Village & Urban Centre
Background
Background
9
� The coastal area: 44,932 km2 or
30% of the country
�27% of the total population live in
coastal area
� The coastal areas cover more than
35% of the cultivable lands
Background
10
� Around 53% of the coastal areas are
affected by salinity
� The organic matter content of the soils
is also pretty low (1.0-1.5%).
Deficiencies of N and P are quite
dominant in saline soils
� Excluding Sundarbans, the remaining
coastal region is used for agriculture
11
4%
54%
42%
Flood Erosion Storm surges
��Cyclone Cyclone
��Coastal Tidal SurgeCoastal Tidal Surge
��Salinity Intrusion Salinity Intrusion
��River Bank ErosionRiver Bank Erosion
��Unsettled Char LandsUnsettled Char Lands
��High incidence of poverty and malnutritionHigh incidence of poverty and malnutrition
Climate Change Hazards
12
Climate Change Hazards
14
Climate Change Impact
15
How climate change induced hazards and affects agriculture
16
� Climate Change reduces rice
production an average 3.9 % each year
�4°C temperature increase would have a
sever impact on food production,
resulting 28% reduction for rice and a
68 % reduction for wheat
� Bangladesh losses about 0.5 million
tones of rice annually as a result of
floods
Climate Change Impact on Coastal Area
Bangladesh Forest Research InstituteBangladesh Forest Research Institute
Bangladesh Tea Research InstituteBangladesh Tea Research Institute
Bangladesh Fisheries Research InstituteBangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
Bangladesh Livestock Research InstituteBangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture
Bangladesh Jute Research InstituteBangladesh Jute Research Institute
Bangladesh Rice Research InstituteBangladesh Rice Research Institute
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Standing Committee: � Budget & Audit� Research Program
Standing Committee: � Budget & Audit� Research Program
Schedule ASchedule ASchedule A
Executive Council
BARC
Executive Council Executive Council
BARC BARC
Schedule BSchedule BSchedule B
Soil Resources Development InstituteSoil Resources Development Institute
Bangladesh Sericulture Research & Training Institute
Bangladesh Sericulture Research & Training Institute
Cotton Development BoardCotton Development Board
18
Flow Chart of Technology Development & Adoption
Identification of Climate ImpactsIdentification of Climate Impacts
Research & Development of TechnologiesResearch & Development of Technologies
Adaptive TrialAdaptive Trial
Adoption by FarmersAdoption by Farmers
Dissemination of TechnologiesDissemination of Technologies
19
�� AdjustmentAdjustment in natural or human in natural or human
systems in response to systems in response to actualactual or or
expected climate stimuli or their expected climate stimuli or their
effectseffects, which moderates harm or , which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial opportunities (IPCC, exploits beneficial opportunities (IPCC,
2001)2001)
�� Many types of adaptation, Many types of adaptation, egeg., .,
autonomous adaptation and autonomous adaptation and planned planned
adaptationadaptation
Adaptation
20
�� StressStress (salinity and flood) tolerant (salinity and flood) tolerant
varietiesvarieties
�� Short durationShort duration cropscrops
�� Innovative farmingInnovative farming practices (floating practices (floating
gardens, irrigation efficiency)gardens, irrigation efficiency)
�� Crop Crop diversificationdiversification
�� Changing/shifting Changing/shifting cropping patterncropping pattern
�� WaterWater ManagementManagement
Key Adaptation Technologies in Agriculture at Coastal Bangladesh
21
BRRI Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 55
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 54
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 53
8-10Dec-MayBoroBR- 47
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 23
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 41
8-10June-DecAmanBR- 40
Salinity tolerant level
(ds/m)
MonthsSeasonVarieties
22
T. Aman varieties with salt tolerance (8 dS/m at reproductive stage) and Boro(BRRI dhan55)
23
Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
BR-40
24
Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
BR-40BR-53
�Salinity Tolerant: 8-10ds/m�Yield: 4-5 t/ha
Crops Number
Rice 4
Mustard 1
Soybean 2
Seasame 2
Groundnut 3
Mungbean 4
BINA Saline Tolerant Varieties
Released: 2007, Duration: 115-120 days, Yield: Average 5.0 t/ha, Total cost: 61,976/ha, Total income: 117525/ha, Benefit Cost Ratio: 1.89
Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
Released: 2010, Duration: 130-135 days, Salinity tolerance : Seedling stage: 10-12 ds/m, Mature stage: 8-10 ds/m, Yield: Boro: 4.5 t/ha in saline condition, 6.5 t/ha in normal condition, Aman: 4.0 t/ha in saline condition, 4.5 t/ha in normal condition,
Total cost: 62450/ha, Total income: 82500/ha, Benefit Cost Ratio: 1.32
Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
Salt field at Bashkhali, Chittagong
Binadhan-8
Released: 2012, Duration: 125-130 days, Salinity tolerance : Seedling stage: 12-14 ds/m, Mature stage: 10-12 ds/m, Yield: Boro: 5.0-5.5 t/ha in saline condition, 6.5 t/ha in normal condition, Aman: 4.0 t/ha in saline condition, 5.0 t/ha in normal condition,
Total cost: 62450/ha, Total income: 82500/ha, Benefit Cost Ratio: 1.32
Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties
Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
BR47 BR23
1. BRRI dhan47-Fallow-BR23
2. BRRI dhan47-Fallow-BRRI dhan40,
3. BRRI dhan47-Fallow-BRRI dhan41
4. BRRI dhan47-Fallow-BRRI dhan44.
5. Fallow-Fallow-Local Cultivar
Pattern yield 7.5 -8 t/ha
Existing pattern yield 2.7 t/ha
Soil Salinity 8.4 dS/m in Feb.
Cropping patterns for saline ecosystem
31
�Use of mini pond for supplemental irrigation�Sweet water preservation in canal�Use of PBC Pipe to reduce irrigation loss
Water Management Technologies
Water ManagementImproved Salinity Management Techniques
Using drip irrigation or manual pump irrigation methods in raised bed with mulch, farmers can grow horticultural crops like tomato, chili, watermelon etc. It can reduce soil salinity substantially (10 dS/m to only 4.5 dS/m) Drip Irrigation layout
Tomato Watermelon Chilli
33
Components Net income(Tk.ha-1)
BR23+mixed fish 62,470/$791
BR23+Tilapia 71,685/$907
Morichsail+Tilapia 50,573/$640
BR23 only 23,500/$297
Morichsail only 20,015/$253
Farm level agro-economic performance of rice-fish culture at Dacope
34
Rice-Fish culture in costal area
35
Swarna
BR-51
�Tolerate 14-16 daysof natural flash flood
�Yield 4.0 t/ha
Flash Flood Tolerant Rice Variety
36
Saline Tolerant Wheat Varieties
BARI GOM 27
� Resistant to LR and tolerant to
BpLB diseases
� High yield potential (4.0-5.4 t/ha)
� Resistant to stem rust race UG 99
BARI GOM 28
� High yielding(4.0–5.5 t/ha)
� Resistant to leaf rust & tolerant to Leaf Blight diseases
� Very early in maturity (102-108 days)
� Tolerant to terminal heat stress & salinity(6-8 ds/m)
BARI Gom 27
BARI Gom 28
Heat tolerant, High yieldingResistant to stem rust
Heat tolerant, High yieldingTolerant to salinity
BARI gom 25
BARI gom 26
Performance of new wheat variety (BARI Gom 23) in southern parts of
Bangladesh
BARI GOM 25
Yield: 3.1 mt/ha
Farmers’ Field at Amtali, Borguna
Salinity range: 6-8 dS/m
BARI GOM 26
Yield: 3.6 mt/ha
Wheat Cultivation in CoastalRegion
22
’ed - -T. )
21
- T. )
BARI Hybrid Maize 7 BARI Mungbean 6
BARI Potato BARI Hybrid Maize 3
BARI varieties Performance in saline area
• Suitable for cultivation in the coastal region (salinity level : 3.72-5.05dS/m)
• Moderately resistant to Alternaria disease
• High yielding(2.0-2.2
t/ha)
BARI Sarisha 16
MUSTARD
BARI Sarisha 15
Oil Seed Variety for Coastal Area
Duration: 80 days, Yield: Average 1.9 t/ha, Total cost: 28105/ha, Total income: 77050/ha, Benefit Cost Ratio: 2.75
BARI Chinabadam 8/Peanut
� Yield: 2.5 – 2.7 t/ha
� Duration –Rabi: 140-150 days Kharif: 125 –140 days
BARI Chinabadam 9
� Yield: 2.5 – 2.8 t/ha
� Duration –Rabi: 140-150 days Kharif: 120 –130 days
Oil Seed Variety for Coastal Area
BINA Chinabadam 1
� Salinity Tolerant: 8ds/m
� Yield: 2.0 – 2.3 t/ha
� Duration –Rabi: 140-150 days Kharif: 120 –130 days
Oil Seed Variety for Coastal Area
� Salinity Tolerant: 8ds/m
� Yield: 2.0 – 2.4 t/ha
� Duration –Rabi: 140-150 days Kharif: 120 –140 days
BINA Chinabadam 1
BINA Chinabadam 2
Oil Seed Variety for Coastal Area
Duration: 85 days, Yield: 1.3 t/ha, BCR: 2.09
Duration: 91-98 days, Yield: 1.4 t/ha, BCR:2.25
Binatil 1
Binatil 2
BARI Til 4BARI Gom 26
BARI Soybean 1
Different varieties Performance at Sathkhira
BINA Soybean 1
BARI Cowpea-1
Pulse Varieties Performance in Saline Area
BARI Mung 6
�Duration:55-58days�Yield: 1.2-1.4 t/ha
�Duration:60-65days�Yield: 1.8 t/ha
�Yield: 1.3-1.4 t/ha
�Duration: 110-115days�Yield: 1.6-1.9 t/ha
Binamung 8 Binakheshari 1
BARI developed IPM technology at TistaChar Area of Gongachora, Rangpur
After 7 days continuous irrigationMaize in irrigated condition
Out of 15 crosses 3 promising water logged tolerant materials were found. Yield range: 7.9 - 8.9 t/ha waterlogged condition & 10.7-11.7 t/ha in control condition.
Waterlogged Tolerant Maize
� Ovoid shaped & shiny
light green fruit
� 35 - 40 fruits/plant
� Plants moderately
resistant to bacterial
wilt, resistant to foot
rot.
� Yield 55 - 60 t/ha
� Long cylindrical deep
purple fruits
� Tolerant to bacterial
wilt
� 40 - 50 fruits/plant
� Fruits can be harvested
in 55-65 days
� Yield 55 - 60 t/ha
BARI Hybrid Begun 4 BARI Hybrid Begun 3
Moderately Saline Tolerant Vegetable
Tomato in raised bed with mulchBARI Derosh 1
BARI Puishak 1
Moderately Saline Tolerant Vegetable
BARI Puishak 2
BARI Puishak 1
Moderately Saline Tolerant Vegetable
53
Floating Vegetables Garden in Coastal Area
54
Floating Vegetables Garden in Coastal Area
55
Floating Vegetables Garden in Coastal
56
Homestead Vegetables Garden in Coastal Area
BARI Aam-4 (Hybrid)
Fruit wt. 600g
• Regular bearer• Fruiting season: Late variety• Skin colour: Slightly Yellow• Pulp colour: Yellow• Very sweet (TSS 24%)• Yield:15-20 t/ha
Homestead Fruit in Coastal Area
BARI Bilati Gaab 1
• High yield (372 fruits, 121 kg/plant)
• Large fruit (325g) • Tasty & sweet (TSS 15%)• High edible portion (72.15%)
Homestead Fruits in Coastal Area
BAU Kotbel 1
• High yield (10-12 t/ha)
59
Saline Tolerant Coconut Varieties
High yielding(75-95/yr.)Tolerant to Salinity
High yielding(65-75/yr.), Tolerant to Salinity
BARI Narikel-2
BARI Narikel-1
60
Saline Tolerant Fruits Varieties
High yielding(30-35t/ha)Tolerant to Salinity
High yielding(15-17t/ha) Tolerant to Salinity
BARI Amra-2
BARI Sapota-3
61
Saline Tolerant Fruits Varieties
BARI Peyara-2
BARI Peyara-3
62
Saline Tolerant Betel leaf Varieties
BARI Paan-1 BARI Paan-2
Yield: 18 t/ha Yield: 14 t/ha
High yielding(110-160t/ha), Tolerant to Salinity 4-18ds/m
High yielding(90-120t/ha), Tolerant to Salinity 4-18 ds/m
Ishordi-37
Saline Tolerant Sugarcane Varieties
Ishordi-41
High yielding(5.5t/ha), Tolerant to Salinity
High yielding(5t/ha)Tolerant to Salinity
Saline Tolerant Jute Varieties
CVL-1
HC-95
65
�Yield: 2-2.5 t/ha�Salinity Tolerant: 8-11ds/m
Saline Tolerant Cotton Variety
Cotton Cultivation on the Gher Boundary in Coastal Area
66
Saline Tolerant Fish
�Duration: 4 Months�Yield: 8-9 t/ha
Monosex Telapia Paangas Fish
�Duration: 8-10 Months�Yield: 25-30 t/ha
67
Saline Tolerant Fish
�Duration: 6 Months�Yield: 3-4 t/ha
�Duration: 4-5 Months�Yield: 320 kg/ha & 1.6t/ha
Nona Tengra Coastal Shrimp
68
Saline Tolerant Fish
�Duration: 3-4 Months�Yield: 2000 kg/ha
Bagda Shrimp
Tilapia Cage Culture
69
Potential Areas for Cage Culture
Source: GoB (2012)
70
IGA
Cattle/Beef Fattening
Sheep Rearing
Fodder Production
Goat Rearing
71
Problems of Adaptation
� Differential adaptation rates due to
cost involvement
� Salinity level fluctuation
� Migration
� Polder missmanagement
� Lack of training (Floating
Gardening)
� Lack of marketing channel
72
Future Research
� Needs to develop wide range salinity
tolerant varieties
� Needs to develop submerged salt
tolerant varieties
� Strengthen research on cropping
pattern & water management
� Thrust should be given on integrated
farming system
� Socio-economic studies on factors
and challenges of adaptation in
agriculture
This is our dream for the coastal zone This is our dream for the coastal zone to have good cropsto have good crops
73
Thank You Very Much........Thank You Very Much........