COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE...

COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE: SOUTHEAST ASIA

(RETA 7813)

SIXTH QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT

May 2014

CN 2014-0439

30 May 2014 Mr. Javed H. Mir

Director, SEER Asian Development Bank Manila, Philippines

Attention: Mr. Pavit Ramachandran, Senior Environment Specialist

Subject: RETA 7813: Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral

Triangle: Southeast Asia – SIXTH QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT Dear Mr. Mir: We are pleased to submit herewith two hard copies and one CD of our Sixth Quarterly Progress Report (QPR6) for the abovecaptioned ADB Regional Technical Assistance project. In accordance with our consultancy contract (S41930) with ADB, electronic copies of the report will also be sent to the National Coordinating Committees (NCCs) of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines and to the CTI Regional Secretariat. Our QPR6 presents the accomplishments of the Consultant Team during the months of January to March 2014 following the submission of our Fifth Quarterly Report. The report includes a description of subregional activities and country-specific updates, highlights general and country-specific issues and concerns requiring ADB attention or action, and presents the immediate next steps to be undertaken by the Consultant Team in the next quarter. Other relevant pieces of information too lengthy for inclusion in the Main Report are attached as appendices. We trust that you will find the report in order. We will be happy to respond to any queries or clarifications you may have on its contents. Thank you very much and best wishes.

Sincerely,

ELVIRA C. ABLAZA

President and CEO and Project Director, RETA 7813

Encl. a/s

cc: CTI NCCs for Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines CTI Interim Regional Secretariat

COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE: SOUTHEAST ASIA (RETA 7813) Sixth Quarterly Progress Report May 2014

PACIFIC RIM INNOVATION AND MANAGEMENT EXPONENTS, INC., PHILIPPINES

IN ASSOCIATION WITH

THE WORLD FISH CENTER, MALAYSIA

PT TRANS INTRA ASIA (TIA), INDONESIA

AND

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COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE: SOUTHEAST ASIA (RETA 7813)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

List of Appendixes ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... iii

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. PROJECT ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE .................................................................. 2

A. Overview .............................................................................................................. 2 B. Design and Monitoring Framework and Milestone Targets ................................... 3 C. Country-specific Activities ..................................................................................... 4 D. Regional Activities .............................................................................................. 11 E. Project Management and Operation................................................................... 12

III. ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND SUGGESTED ACTIONS ................................................. 12 IV. NEXT STEPS ................................................................................................................ 14

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Number Title

1 Design and Monitoring Framework (DMF)

2 DMF Activities with Milestones

3 CTI SEA Bookmarks

4 Discussion Paper on Harmonizing Seascapes and Fisheries Management Areas, Indonesia

5 Draft Report of Accelerated Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Planning in Arakan Village, Indonesia

6 Planning Workshop Report, Malaysia

7 Back-to-Office Report (BTOR) of EAFM Specialist, RPMO

8 Back-to-Office Report (BTOR) of CMRM Specialist, RPMO

9 Preliminary Assessment Report on Green Mussels, Malaysia

10 Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT): Workshop Report for the Dumanquillas Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape (DBPLS)

11 Youth Camp on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Coastal Resource Management (CRM): Training Report

12 Vulnerability Assessment (VA) Workshop Report

13 Monitoring Report on the Rice Project and Seaweed Culture

14 Scoping Visit: Report of the Sustainable Financing (SF) Specialist

15 National Plan of Action (NPOA) Costing Report

16 Minutes of Meeting on Presentation of CTI Project Mapping Tool to the National Coordinating Committee (NCC), Philippines

17 Minutes of Regional Meeting of the CTI Project Mapping Tool Team

18 Program Highlights, CTI-CFF: Sustainable Financing and Stock-take

19 Details of Specialists’ Inputs

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank ANRES Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment Staff BAPPEDA Provincial Regional Development Planning Board BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BPBD Provincial Disaster Management Agency BMRI Borneo Marine Research Institute BTOR back-to-office report CCA climate change adaptation CI-P Conservation International-Philippines CLWUP Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan CMD Coastal and Marine Division CMD-BMB Coastal and Marine Division of the Biodiversity Management Bureau CMRM coastal and marine resources management COREMAP-CTI Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program–Coral Triangle Initiative CP capsule proposal CRM coastal resource management CT Coral Triangle CT3 Three Coral Triangle countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the

Philippines) CT6 Six Coral Triangle countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New

Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste) CTI Coral Triangle Initiative CTI-SEA Coral Triangle Initiative – South East Asia CTI-CFF Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security DA Department of Agriculture DBM Department of Budget and Management DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DER Department of External Relations DG Directorate General DGMCSI Directorate General of Marine, Coasts, and Small Islands DMF design and monitoring framework DMPM Department of Marine Parks Malaysia DOF Department of Fisheries, Sabah DP development partner DRRM disaster risk reduction and management DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development EAFM ecosystem approach to fisheries management FMA fisheries management area GEF Global Environment Facility GEF/IW:LEARN Global Environment Fund/International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network GIS geographic information system GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GMP General Management Plan ICT information and communication technology ICZM integrated coastal zone management

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IRS Interim Regional Secretariat KBA key biodiversity area KM knowledge management LEAP Local Early Action Plan LGU local government unit LRFFT live reef food fish trade MCS monitoring, control, and surveillance METT management effectiveness tracking tool MMAF Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries MOSTI Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation MPA marine protected area NCC National Coordinating Committee NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NOD National Oceanographic Directorate NPOA National Plan of Action (for CTI) NTP notice to proceed OCVO Omnibus Contract Variation Order OPE out-of-pocket expense PAMB Protected Areas Management Board PASu Protected Area Superintendent PES payment for ecosystem services PHI-PMU Philippine Project Management Unit PMC project management consultant PMU project management unit PNG Papua New Guinea PRIMEX Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. RETA regional technical assistance RPOA Regional Plan of Action RPMO regional project management office SCC Sabah Coordinating Committee SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center SF sustainable financing SSME Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion SWD Sabah Wildlife Department TA technical assistance TIA PT Trans Intra Asia TIWS Turtle Island Wildlife Sanctuary TOR terms of reference TURF Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries TWG technical working group UGM Gajah Mada University UMS University of Malaysia Sabah UNSRAT University of Sam Ratulangi UP-MSI University of the Philippines–Marine Science Institute VA vulnerability assessment WCRC World Coral Reef Conference WFC World Fish Center WPP Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan ZSCMST Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology

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I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) is a six-country program of regional cooperation to sustainably manage coastal and marine resources in the Coral Triangle (CT) region. The six Indo-Pacific countries (referred to as CT6) are Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste. The CT is an expanse of ocean covering 5.7 million sq km and is considered the epicenter of marine life abundance and biodiversity on the planet. Natural processes, however, such as wave action and storm surges as well as human activities – reef dynamiting and cyanide poisoning for fish, sand mining for construction, reef breaking for corals, and pollution from land-based sources – have resulted in the continuing loss of valuable coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, and consequent economic and social losses. In addition, climate change impacts have adversely affected marine and coastal resources. Coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to elevated sea temperature and increased intensity of sea storms, while rise in sea level and flooding degrade coastal land and freshwater resources, displace populations and cause economic hardships to large sections of the local communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (referred to as CT3), considered to be among the poorest in the CT region. 2. In addition to resource degradation and poverty issues, there are policy, legal, and institutional constraints affecting resource management in the CT3 coastal areas. While environmental and resource management policies and laws that meet the basic requirements of coastal resources management are in place in the CT3, these are not fully and effectively implemented due to lack of budgetary resources and institutional weaknesses among government agencies at the national and local levels. Moreover, while the CT3 have devolved resource management system to the local governments, these agencies’ institutional capacity for the required tasks waned gradually, which hampers both ongoing as well as planned initiatives and exacerbates the problems of resource degradation and poverty prevalence in coastal areas. 3. The above issues have been acknowledged by the CT3 countries as key to the protection and conservation of the vast wealth of coastal and marine resources in the CT, and the three governments have resolved to address these issues under their respective National Plans of Action (NPOAs) to attain the goals of the CTI. Hence, ADB’s Regional Technical Assistance for Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle: Southeast Asia (CTI-SEA) (TA 7813-REG or RETA 7813) was conceived and approved to address the issues pertaining to coastal and marine resources degradation, prevalence of poverty among coastal communities and policy/institutional weaknesses in coastal and marine resources management (CMRM). The Project is being implemented in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME) located in the Indo-Western Pacific region, the established center of the CT that encompasses the CT3. 4. The RETA is expected to result in the increased resilience of coastal and marine ecosystems and human communities in the CT3 through improved management of coastal and marine resources in the SSME priority seascape. It will support the introduction of more effective management of coastal and marine resources, especially those associated with coral reef ecosystems, to build their resilience in a period of increased threats arising from human-induced and climate change impacts, thereby maintaining ecosystem integrity and productivity and ensuring the improved socioeconomic status of coastal communities. The RETA has three outputs: (i) Output 1, CT3 governments supported in the establishment of an enabling environment for sustainable coastal and marine resources management; (ii)

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Output 2, constraints to sustainable fisheries management and economic development in the coastal zone addressed, such as illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overfishing, and natural habitat destruction, among others; and (iii) Output 3, effective project implementation ensured through the establishment of a project management system. 5. To provide the required technical assistance and project management consulting services support for the implementation of the project, ADB engaged the services of Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX), Philippines in association with the WorldFish Center (WFC), Malaysia and PT Trans Intra Asia (TIA), Indonesia through a contract dated 30 July 2012. Upon ADB’s issuance of the Notice to Proceed (NTP) with the consultancy services, the Project Management Consultant (PMC) Team1 was mobilized on 13 August 2012. 6. This Sixth Quarterly Progress Report (QPR6) covers the months of January to March 2014. It includes a description of subregional activities and country-specific updates, highlights, general and country-specific issues and concerns requiring ADB attention or action, and presents the next steps to be undertaken by the Consultant Team in the following quarter. Other relevant pieces of information too lengthy for inclusion in the Main Report are attached as appendixes.

II. PROJECT ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE A. Overview 7. As of the end of March 2014, the overall physical progress of the RETA was estimated at 22%, as against the elapsed time of project implementation period of 41% since the mobilization of the PMC Team in 13 August 2012. Physical progress for this reporting period is about 54% of time elapsed, which is an improvement from the previous reporting period of 49%. The progress of each output is as follows: (i) Output 1: Policy and institutional frameworks for sustainable coastal and marine resources management improved, 21% of the output target; (ii) Output 2: Ecosystem-based approach to coastal and marine resources management pilot-tested, 17% of the output target; and (iii) Output 3: Effective project management established by ADB and the Coral Triangle Southeast Asia governments, 34% of the output target. 8. The major contributors to the delays in project implementation are as follows: (i) lag time in implementing initial activities due to late endorsement of the 2013 budgets from the Philippine and Indonesian National Coordinating Committees (NCCs), which were submitted on 16 and 22 January 2013, respectively (approximately 11% time elapsed from PMC mobilization), and partial approval of the budget from the Malaysian NCC on 4 July 2013 (approximately 22% time elapsed), hence, subprojects being implemented thus far are still part of the 2013 work and financial plan; (ii) the Indonesian Team was faced with difficulties in preparing capsule proposals (CPs), specifically in the preparation of TORs; (iii) there were requests from Regional Project Management Office (RPMO) to the Indonesia NCC to

1 The PRIMEX-WFC-TIA Consultant Team is composed of 31 international and national specialist led by Mr. Guillermo Morales, Team Leader/Project Management Specialist, and three deputy team leaders/institutional development specialists: Prof. Daniel Monintja, Indonesia; Dr. Beth Baikan, Malaysia; and Mr. Raul G. Roldan, Philippines. Overall direction and supervision of the PMC services are provided by Ms. Elvira C. Ablaza, PRIMEX President and CEO, in her capacity as Project Director, with in-country support from two Deputy Project Directors: Dr. Maripaz Perez, WorldFish Center Regional Director for Southeast Asia, and Mr. Noor Arief Muzadi, President-Director of PT Trans Intra Asia.

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reconsider previously considered project sites, namely, (a) Kakorotan Islands in Talaud District, North Sulawesi Province as site for new MPA in view of questions on operational viability and technical considerations, and (b) Nain Island in North Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province as EAFM pilot site due to lack of grouper resources and live fish trade in the island to justify the pilot testing of EAFM; (iv) long-drawn negotiations on the TOR and costs of activities with partner institutions in Indonesia due to budget considerations; (v) peace and order situation in Southern Philippines that affected implementation schedules in Dumanquillas Bay and Turtle Islands; and (vi) the numerous CPs being prepared and submitted to ADB, with their approval taking from 1-200 days. 9. To catch up with the implementation schedule, efforts were intensified, and 80% of the target subprojects in 2013 are now covered by approved CPs and are in various stages of implementation. The Indonesia Technical Working Group (TWG) has decided, on 26 March 2014, to choose Sangihe as the site for the establishment of a new MPA and Kwandang Bay for EAFM. The national subprojects for Malaysia have been approved for implementation. On-site activities in Dumanquillas Bay in the Philippines have also commenced. However, the peace and order situation in the Turtle Island Wildlife Sanctuary (TIWS) remains an issue. B. Design and Monitoring Framework and Milestone Targets 10. RETA 7813 has been implementing subprojects that were selected by the CT3 NCCs to support their respective national plans of action (NPOAs) in the SSME, as reflected in the project’s design and monitoring framework (DMF) in Appendix 1. The highlights of activities and milestones at the output level are described below, and a matrix of the status of these milestones is attached in Appendix 2. 11. Output 1: Improved policy framework for sustainable coastal and marine ecosystem management. The goals articulated under the Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) are closely linked with identical goals within the NPOAs of the CT3 member countries. For Indonesia, Target No. 1 of Goal 1 is “priority seascape designated, with investment plans completed and sequenced.” Through direct execution by ADB, the design and investment plan for Phase 3 of the National Coral Reef Management Conservation Program has been completed, and its investment plan has been negotiated with ADB through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program–Coral Triangle Initiative (COREMAP-CTI). As a preliminary step towards the achievement of Action 1 for harmonizing the seascape approach with existing fisheries management areas (Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan [WPP]), the Indonesia Project Management Unit (PMU) has completed the review of technical papers, regulations, and laws that provided the bases for Government’s delineation of WPPs. A discussion paper was presented by the RETA PMC team during the first meeting of concerned technical working group (TWG) chairs held on 12 February 2014. For Malaysia, the Inception Meeting for Capacity Building on EAFM and MPA Management was conducted in December 2013, and the agreed activities are currently being implemented. Policy recommendations on EAFM and MPA management will be part of the on-the-job training (OJT) modules of these two subprojects. In the Philippines, the costing of the NPOA has been completed and presented to the NCC. The final report will be submitted to the planning and budget units of the Department of Agriculture (DA) and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), national agencies (such as the National Economic and Development Authority [NEDA] and the Department of Budget and Management [DBM]), donor agencies, and development partners (DPs) to generate support for funding of the CTI activities.

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12. Two trainings were conducted on climate change adaptation (CCA) during the quarter. The first one was carried out in Manado, Indonesia, which introduced the use of the Local Early Action Plan (LEAP) methodology to accelerate vulnerability assessment (VA) and climate change adaptation (CCA) planning in Arakan Village, South Minahasa. The other training was held in Taytay, Palawan (Philippines) through the conduct of a Youth Camp on Coastal Resource Management (CRM) and CCA. 13. Output 2: Ecosystem-based approach to marine resources management pilot- tested. In Indonesia, the TWGs of the Indonesia NCC met on 6 March 2014, where it was decided that pilot-testing of EAFM will be implemented in Kwandang Bay in North Gorontalo District. It was also agreed that a new MPA will be established, with support from the RETA, in Sangihe Islands District only. The proposed MPA in Talaud will be established through the Frontier Islands Program of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). Accelerated implementation of VA and CCA planning in Arakan village was conducted in March 2014 using LEAP methodologies. In Malaysia, the Sabah Coordinating Committee (SCC) has approved Marudu Bay as the alternate site for the profiling of marine ecosystems, the same site for the ridge to reef pilot study. The feasibility of reintroducing green mussel culture in Marudu Bay has also been studied. A survey form has been prepared for the evaluation of the training needs of stakeholders in MPA management in Sabah. In the Philippines, the RETA continues to assist the Tañon Strait Protected Areas Management Board (PAMB) in improving its General Management Plan (GMP). A workshop on the MPA Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) was conducted in Dumanquillas Bay in February 2014. The initial results of the VA in Balabac, Palawan were presented to the municipal mayor, his key officers, and barangay leaders in February 2014. The monitoring of performance of livelihood activities as part of the implementation of the CCA plan is continuing.

14. Output 3: Effective project management implemented. Some 26 activities covered by approved CPs have been completed, 14 subprojects are ongoing, and two CPs are under preparation. 15. As to the target of producing two knowledge management (KM) products a year, the Philippine PMU came up with CRM-themed bookmarks featuring five charismatic marine species (dugong, triton shell, marine turtle, whale shark, and humphead wrasse), their ecological importance, and ways to protect them (see Appendix 3). The bookmarks were distributed to student leaders during the February 2014 Youth Camp. The second KM product will be the NPOA costing report, which is targeted for publication in the third quarter of 2014. The basic functionalities of Version 2 of the Project Mapping Tool have been completed and presented to the Philippine NCC, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), and NEDA in February 2014. Version 2 uses an interactive mode (as compared to Version 1) to facilitate the updating and correction of information by the selected stakeholders themselves. C. Country-specific Activities

1. Indonesia

16. The Indonesia PMU accomplished the following during the first quarter of 2014: (i) conduct of high-level discussions on the rationale and objectives of the integration of seascapes and fisheries management areas (FMAs); (ii) acceleration of VA and CCA using LEAP methodology in Arakan Village, South Minahasa; and (iii) provision of support to the TWG meeting

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where the process of formalizing the Indonesia NPOA through a legal instrument was also discussed. 17. Integration of seascapes and FMAs. RETA 7813 supports the implementation of Priority Actions under the NPOAs of the CT3. In the case of Indonesia, such priority actions include the “streamlining” of designated seascapes with the existing FMAs (WPPs) by 2014. In this regard, the RETA PMC Team prepared a discussion paper that was presented during the first high-level meeting held on 12 February 2014 (see Appendix 4). The meeting was chaired by the Director General of Marine, Coasts and Small Islands, who also serves as the Chairman of the Indonesia NCC Secretariat. Representatives of the Seascape Working Group, EAFM Working Group, MPA Working Group, and the Research and Development Center (Balitbang) of MMAF were represented at the meeting. The Chair clarified that WPPs are defined by the law, which mandates MMAF to formulate strategic management plans within the WPPs for various resource uses such as fisheries, mining, and other non-fishery uses. The boundaries of seascapes, although scientifically defined, have no legal basis yet. In view of the urgency to adopt the seascape approach in national marine resources management strategies, the meeting agreed that WPPs will provide the structural framework for the application of seascapes, MPAs, and EAFM in the development of marine resource management plans. The meeting further agreed that the RETA will work on the integrated plan for seascape management and fisheries management in WPP 716 covering the Sulawesi Sea. 18. Acceleration of VA and CCA in Arakan Village, South Minahasa. In preparation for the conduct of accelerated VA and CCA planning in Arakan Village, training on LEAP methodology was conducted on 10 February 2014 at the University of Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT) in Manado. The training was attended by 10 participants from South Minahasa Fisheries Agency, South Minahasa Forestry Agency, Provincial Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), Provincial Regional Development Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Provincial Fisheries Agency, and the UNSRAT marine science team. The aim of the training was to introduce the LEAP guidelines for the conduct of socioeconomic surveys in target communities. 19. Climate change awareness activities were undertaken in Arakan Village on 11 February 2014 as part of the process of determining CCA options based on the community’s aspirations. These activities included the following: (i) socialization on climate change, its impact on the lives of coastal communities, and introduction to adaptation measures; (ii) explanation on VA and social, economic, and ecosystem profiling; (iii) characterization of past and present climatic conditions; (iv) preparation of a seasonal calendar; and (v) identification of indicators of a changing climate. In preparing the village vulnerability map, the community identified vital but vulnerable infrastructure, areas, settlements, and ecological resources. Ground-truthing was performed by selected village representatives to verify information on the coastal area, mangroves, and infrastructure facilities indicated by the community on the vulnerability map. 20. A community meeting was held among the Bunaken National Park, District Fisheries Agency, District Forestry Agency, and Provincial Fisheries Agency to discuss the results of the CCA planning exercises and the recommended adaptation measures. The suggested CCA measures include the following: (i) use of biogas from household solid waste and goat excreta to reduce dependence on mangrove branches for firewood; (ii) planting of mangroves and other plants, such as pine trees and sea almond trees (Terminalia catappa) for coastal protection; (iii) planting of rain trees or cow tamarind trees, locally known as “munggur” (Albazia saman), for carbon dioxide sequestration and for preventing goats from eating the

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young mangrove trees;2 (iii) improvement of the village drainage system to prevent the occurrence of diseases due to stagnant water around the houses; (iv) construction and operation of a village health center to service the health requirements of the coastal community; and (v) construction of sanitation facilities to improve the community health environment. The report on Accelerated CCA Planning in Arakan Village is attached as Appendix 5. 21. To initiate the implementation of the CCA plan, the Indonesia PMU conducted a meeting with Gajah Mada University (UGM) in Yogyakarta for the introduction of biogas technology in Arakan Village. It also contacted the Forestry Agency of South Minahasa District for support in the provision of mangrove propagules. Meanwhile, the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Agency of North Sulawesi Province has committed to supply Rp20 million worth of mangrove propagules. 22. Support to TWG meeting. The RETA supported the Indonesia NCC in the conduct of a meeting of TWG representatives on 26 March 2014. In his opening remarks, the Indonesia NCC Chair and concurrently DG of Marine, Coasts and Small Islands (DGMCSI) highlighted the following: (i) the TWG on Seascapes has undertaken several studies, such as integrating seascapes with FMAs; (ii) EAFM should be harmonized with MPA management; (iii) the commitment of the President of Indonesia to achieve 20 million hectares (ha) of MPAs is close to being achieved, with the delineation of 17.5 million ha of MPAs, although their establishment has been based on legal documents, and management measures for most of them have yet to be implemented. During the meeting, it was mentioned that it would be difficult for the NPOA to get financial support from the national budget without the proper legal documents. Since five years have passed since the NPOA was prepared, it was suggested that it would be timely to review and update the NPOA prior to its submission for its formal adoption as a legal instrument. The RETA will be sponsoring meetings for the review, updating, and costing of the Indonesian NPOA, and the Secretary of the DGMCSI indicated that the Legal Bureau of the DGMCSI will handle the process of transforming the NPOA into a legal document. 23. Other decisions made during the TWG meeting include the following: (i) establishment of a new MPA in Sangihe District; (ii) pilot-testing of EAFM in Kwandang Bay, North Gorontalo District; and (iii) continued implementation of the Live Reef Food Fish Trade (LRFFT) Study, but with revised TOR to support future policy decisions on issues related to the topic. The establishment of the proposed MPA in Talaud District will be undertaken through the Frontier Islands Program of MMAF.

2. Malaysia

24. The Malaysia PMU conducted a Planning Workshopin Kota Kinabalu, Sabah on 4 February 2014 to (i) clarify the activities to be undertaken by the various subprojects in Malaysia, (ii) facilitate information sharing and improve coordination with other relevant agencies in Sabah and Kuala Lumpur, and (iii) identify synergies with other projects and stakeholders (Appendix 6). The implementation of approved subprojects has also been initiated. 25. Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). In conjunction with the

2 The leaves of “munggur” can be used as food for the goats.

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agreements during the joint inception meeting of EAFM and MPA held on 3 December 2013, a follow-up meeting with grouper traders and cage operators was conducted in Tawau on 10 February 2014. The meeting was attended by both cage operators and traders from Semporna and Tawau. An agreement was reached that the cage operators and traders will participate in the two- to five-day EAFM training that will be conducted by the EAFM Specialist later this year. The Essential EAFM Manual for Executives will be adapted for use during this training. The back-to-office report (BTOR) of the RPMO EAFM Specialist is attached as Appendix 7. 26. During the Planning Meeting on 4 February 2014, a concern was raised on the declining demand for groupers from Sabah due to the success of breeding and cage culture in Hong Kong. It was explained that all issues pertaining to the sector will be taken into consideration in the succeeding steps of formulating the application of EAFM to grouper fisheries and trade. 27. Further to the implementation of this subproject, the Department of Fisheries (DOF) Sabah agreed to facilitate the conduct of the study on “Population Genetics of the Grouper, Plectropomus leopardus,” by the Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI) of the University of Malaysia–Sabah (UMS). It was also agreed in principle to provide additional financial support3 to the study and provide field assistance to the researchers (when they are in the field). Compilation of export data on groupers from the worksheets filled-in by the traders will also be done by DOF-Sabah. 28. MPAs. As in EAFM, follow-up activities on “Capacity Building on MPA Management” were conducted. The RETA Team met with Sabah Parks, the appointed government implementation partner for two of the subprojects: (i) Capacity Building for MPA Management; and (ii) Development of Alternative Livelihood. The following key action items were agreed upon at the meeting: (i) the selection of training participants to focus on personnel who are currently assigned to the marine parks; (ii) identification of personnel who would qualify as future trainers; (iii) a list of prospective trainees has been identified by top management of the Sabah Parks; (iv) the assessment questionnaire was translated to Bahasa Melayu; and (v) arrangements were made to conduct two sessions for the capacity assessment in early April 2014. 29. A questionnaire-type survey on the capacity assessment of potential training candidates will be administered to determine (i) their level of qualification as MPA managers, (ii) their level of knowledge about MPA management, (iii) gaps in their knowledge, and (iv) areas of special interest that they recommend for inclusion in the training modules to ensure that the training curriculum fulfills its objectives. Several experts from DOF and Sabah Parks have been identified as potential trainers on specific subjects. The summary of the BTOR of the International CMRM Specialist, who led the coordination with Sabah Parks, is attached as Appendix 8. 30. Development of alternative livelihoods. The assessment of the feasibility of green mussel farming in Marudu Bay has been completed (Appendix 9). Preliminary findings indicate that reviving this industry has very good potential for development as a profitable alternative livelihood, just like in 2008. The best method to resume farming is the use of cheap materials for fixing the abandoned and old structures. The basic costing for the experimental plot is similar to that in 2008, but profitability is highly dependent on the prevention of diseases due to pollution and other factors in the marine environment. Solid and human waste from houses on stilts in the coastal areas have been found to be the primary threat to the success of mussel culture in the area. To ensure the profitability of this livelihood, assistance from DOF Sabah and scientists

3 DoF Sabah has committed to supplying the cost of laboratory chemicals up to USD20,000.

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from research institutions is needed to prevent the recurrence of diseases. So far, most of the former green mussel farmers have adopted “wait-and-see” attitude. 31. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and marine profiling. The SCC has accepted and approved the selection of Marudu Bay as the alternate site for both the ICZM and marine profiling subprojects. This decision was tabled at the NCC meeting held in Kota Kinabalu on 5 December 2013. The capsule proposal for the implementation of ICZM activities is under preparation, while the marine profiling subproject is to be contracted out.

3. Philippines

32. Major activities implemented during the reporting period include the following: (i) conduct of MPA METT workshop in Dumanquillas Bay, which was held back-to-back with a PAMB meeting; (ii) conduct of a CRM-themed Youth Camp in Taytay, Palawan; (iii) presentation of the initial VA results to Balabac local officials; (iv) monitoring of CCA projects in Taytay; and (v) participation at various local and international CTI-associated workshops and conferences. 33. EAFM in Dumanquillas Bay. The Philippine PMU attended the Dumanquillas Bay PAMB meeting on 4 February 2014 in Pagadian City, where the RETA work plan for the bay, anchored on EAFM, was presented. It was explained that the major activity for 2014 is a 12-month research on small pelagics, particularly sardines, the principal marine resource in Dumanquillas. The PAMB meeting was attended by the mayor of Lapuyan municipality as well as the Municipal Agriculturist and the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator of the six coastal municipalities surrounding Dumanquillas Bay. Also in attendance were the Protected Area Superintendent (PASu), other DENR Region 9 officers, and representatives from the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) and the Philippine Navy (PN). 34. Following the PAMB meeting, the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Coordinator facilitated the conduct of METT, a requirement of Global Environment Facility (GEF)-funded projects to establish the level of management effectiveness in MPAs and serve as the baseline for Dumanquillas Bay prior to RETA support. The average score for all the METT components was 32%. The same METT workshop will be conducted in 2016 (or before the RETA ends) to determine if management has improved with project intervention. The METT workshop report is attached as Appendix 10. 35. It was agreed that a rapid resource assessment will be conducted in the second quarter to generate technical information that will provide the basis for formulating a baywide management plan, including a zonation map that will delineate multiple use and strict protection zones. Negotiations with the Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology (ZSCMST) will be undertaken in the next quarter to finalize arrangements for the comprehensive stock assessment of small pelagics, which is a priority activity for 2014. Start-up activities have been delayed due to the volatile peace and order situation in Zamboanga City and the retirement of the school’s research director. 36. On 5 February 2014, site visits were conducted in three Dumanquillas municipalities, viz., Lapuyan, Vicenzo Sagun, and Margosatubig, to inform communities and local leaders about the project and to gather information on the CRM situation in the bay. The local government units (LGUs) reported that the most serious problems in their municipalities are piracy, extortion of high-value catch of small fishers, and the intrusion of commercial fishing vessels inside municipal waters. Dumanquillas was established in 1999 as a protected

MAIN REPORT Page 9


landscape and seascape for its unique features and important terrestrial and marine resources. Since its establishment, however, only limited support has been given by the Provincial Government and DENR. There is no PAMB Office, and the PASu has no staff to help with administrative concerns. Five of the six mayors have agreed to put up an annual contribution of P100,000 each to jumpstart PAMB operations, but this has not been strictly followed. Coastal barangays have organized community law enforcement groups, but their non-motorized boats and lack of military back-up have made it very difficult for them to apprehend extortionists and commercial vessels intruding into municipal waters. Among the activities scheduled in the next quarter, which can address this concern, is the conduct of a baywide law enforcement training course and meetings with law enforcement agencies, such as the Philippine National Police (PNP), PCG, and PN, as well as the LGUs, to harmonize and strengthen efforts to protect the coastal waters. 37. GMP for Tañon Strait. Work during the quarter focused on collating technical data from the 42 LGUs. Of this number, only 27 profiles were submitted, since the other LGUs were still in the process of preparing their municipal/fisheries profiles. Nonetheless, the Plan will be finalized and presented to PAMB, with the remaining profiles to be appended to the main document. 38. Knowledge management in Taytay, Palawan. The Heroes of the Environment (Bayani ng Kalikasan) Youth Camp was held in Taytay, Palawan on 28 February–2 March 2014 to impart basic knowledge and skills on coastal resource management and climate change as part of the RETA’s communication campaign on CRM and CCA. The three-day activity involved 35 high school students from five national high schools in the barangays of Poblacion, Pamantolon, Canique, Busy Bees, and Calawag. Of the participants in the camp, 22 (or 63%) were female students. A teacher-adviser from each school was also invited to provide guidance to the students. 39. The camp program combined lectures and practical activities, including resource mapping, transect walk and the preparation of transect diagrams, and games and exercises that reinforced classroom learnings. The highlight of the camp was each school’s preparation of an environmental campaign that will address a specific issue in their respective barangays. Four of the five schools centered their campaigns on mangrove reforestation since mangrove cutting is a persistent problem in their localities. Calawag National High School prepared a campaign on solid waste management that will be implemented in the school premises. Each school will receive PhP10,000 from the project for them to implement its campaign this year. The draft campaigns were presented to a panel consisting of the National CMRM Specialist, RETA KM Specialist, Science Supervisor of the Department of Education (DepEd) in Palawan, and the BFAR-PMO Director. Comments and recommendations to improve the proposals were provided to each school for inclusion in their revised campaigns. The program of activities and the training report are shown in Appendix 11. 40. VA in Balabac, Palawan. The results of the VA conducted in Balabac municipality in May 2013 were presented to the LGU at a workshop held in Puerto Princesa City on 14 February 2014 (see Appendix 12). Of the 20 barangays of Balabac, 18 were represented by their barangay captains and/or disaster risk management officers. The Balabac municipal mayor delivered the welcome message and stressed the need for all communities to be prepared for disasters like typhoon Yolanda. The workshop was requested by the mayor, who felt that sharing the initial results will be very useful to barangay leaders who were in the process of formulating their disaster preparedness plans. The National Climate Change Specialist shared basic information on climate change–its causes and practical adaptation

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measures–that can be integrated into the barangay plans. The KBA Coordinator likewise presented the results of the VA for fisheries, which employed the Tools for Understanding Resiliency of Fisheries (TURF) developed by the University of the Philippines–Marine Science Institute (UP-MSI) to assess the vulnerability of fisheries to climate change impacts. Since the VA focused on the six most hazard-prone areas of Balabac, the workshop provided an opportunity for other barangay leaders to share their insights and experiences with respect to emerging climate change impacts in their areas. 41. The VA data will be further processed using geographic information system (GIS) software to develop various map layers. A GIS Specialist is proposed to be hired in the next quarter to handle data processing and map preparation. The results will again be presented at a stakeholders’ workshop prior to the integration of the results into the Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) Plan and Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (CLWUP). 42. CCA activities in Taytay, Palawan. Monitoring of ongoing CCA projects in Taytay was undertaken in February and March 2014. The pilot abalone culture in Barangay Pamantolon showed a high average monthly survival rate of 95%. A new cage was installed in February 2014 to transfer growing stocks and avoid overcrowding. A problem associated with abalone culture is the supply of seaweeds, particularly the red seaweed (Gracilaria sp.), which is a preferred food item. However, Gracilaria grows on muddy substrates and is not readily available in Taytay Bay. To address this concern, growth trials using seaweeds from Southern Palawan will be scheduled in Taytay Bay, with technical advice from seaweed experts of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) in Iloilo where half of the abalone stock was sourced. 43. The two salt-tolerant rice varieties (Salinas 1 and Salinas 9) showed good growth and survival in the 1.2-ha demonstration farm in Sitio Quilala, Taytay municipality. The farm owned by a private cooperator is beside a dense nipa stand very close to the sea. Nypa fruticans, a mangrove species, grows only in brackishwater areas. According to the farmer, sea spray and salt intrusion from the nearby coastline have rendered farming using regular rice varieties unsuccessful. The Salinas rice will be ready for harvest in May 2014, and part of the harvest will be tested in other salt-affected rice fields. 44. The monitoring report of the abalone and rice projects is attached in Appendix 13. 45. Study on payment for ecosystem services (PES). The RETA Team conducted a scoping mission to Taytay municipality on 10-12 March 2014 primarily to gather data needed to enhance the design of the PES CP. Meetings were held with Taytay LGUs, led by the Mayor and Municipal Administrator. Also interviewed were the Municipal Tourism and Health Officers and a former manager of the Apulit Island Resort. The PES will focus on ecotourism, hence, the need to identify: (i) the ecosystem services that can be delivered by the “provider or seller” which, in this case, is the LGU; and (ii) those services that may be wanted by the “buyers,” who are the resort owners and tourists. Details of the scoping mission are in Appendix 14. 46. Attendance at CTI-associated meetings. The EAFM Specialist and the Philippine Deputy Team Leader attended the First International Conference on the West Philippine Sea at Western Philippine State University on 19-22 February 2014 primarily to provide information on the activities of the project in the SSME, particularly on EAFM. The EAFM Specialist recommended that the team revisit the Guiding Principles of the CTI, consult an independent scientific advisory group (apart from the CTI Technical Working Groups) for a peer review of the activities of the regional subprojects to ensure that current scientific findings, socioeconomic context, and governance platforms are the baselines for management

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intervention (adaptive management) and are in adherence to the principles for implementation of the CTI. It was also suggested that as soon as the contract for the population genetics study for grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is approved by ADB, details and costs of getting samples should be discussed with concerned scientists, as well as with the Deputy Team Leaders of Malaysia and Indonesia. 47. At the national level, the SF Specialist presented the NPOA costing report to the Philippine NCC and DPs at a workshop held at DENR’s Coastal and Marine Division (CMD) on 20 March 2014. The new version already incorporated comments and recommendations from the first round of review held in December 2013 (see Appendix 15). The publication of the report is targeted for the third quarter of 2014. On 14 April 2014, the Team Leader also presented the summary of the report to the Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment Staff (ANRES) of NEDA. The plan is to initiate meetings up to the Cabinet cluster level to present the CTI-CFF initiatives, NPOA, and funding requirements to achieve the targets that have been set by the NCC. D. Regional Activities 48. Knowledge management. Version 2 of the CTI Project Mapping Tool was developed during the first quarter of 2014 by introducing modifications to version 1 based on feedback from users. It was presented by the KM Specialist to representatives of the Malaysia NCC and the SCC during the planning workshop in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia on 4 February 2014. Aside from introducing the purpose and features of the tool, the aim was to determine the level of interest in improving it and to identify a potential focal person whom the Mapping Team can work with. The Coordinator for CTI Sabah was recommended as a possible candidate for this purpose. 49. In the Philippines, version 2 was introduced to the NCC via a live demonstration in BFAR on 25 February 2014. The demo was attended by 23 participants, mostly from BFAR (led by the Assistant Director for Administrative Services) and the Coastal and Marine Division of the Biodiversity Management Bureau4 (CMD-BMB). The BFAR Assistant Director expressed strong support for the use of the tool because of its potential to provide technical support to field officers with the use of tablets. The RETA is exerting efforts to gain more broad-based support from BFAR as they are a national agency with a wealth of information on CTI-related projects. Conservation International-Philippines (CI-P) also expressed interest to roll-out the tool to their sites once it is ready to hand out the log in function. The minutes of the meeting are in Appendix 16. 50. A separate meeting with seven representatives of the NEDA ANRES was also held on 14 April 2014 to introduce the tool and explore the possibility of getting project information from the agency. In their feedback, ANRES said they were more interested to be an end user of the tool rather than a provider of information. 51. In Indonesia, the Team Leader requested the Secretary of the DGMCSI of MMAF to nominate a focal person for the Mapping Tool. The Head of Planning and Programming of DGMCSI was identified for this task, and he was deployed by the Indonesia NCC to attend the Global Environment Fund/International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (GEF/IW:LEARN) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Workshop on Data Visualization held at the ADB Headquarters in Manila on 17-20 March 2014 along with other project representatives.

4 formerly known as the protected areas and wildlife bureau (PAWB).

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52. The project co-funded with IW:LEARN the participation of the Program Communication Officer of Indonesia NCC to the ICT Workshop on Data Visualization and fully funded the Project Manager of the CTI Sabah/UMS. This regional workshop provided a strong rationale for the NCCs to actively use and explore data visualization tools, such as the CTI Project Mapping tool, as decision support instruments for managing regional waters. It also served as an opportunity for the focal persons to meet each other, the CTI Project Mapping Team, and participants from the Philippine PMU, and discuss the way forward to improve the tool’s features and marketing. The minutes of this strategic meeting are in Appendix 17. 53. Version 2 of the CTI Project Mapping Tool will be presented in one of the four pre-conference sessions leading to the World Coral Reef Conference (WCRC) in Manado, Indonesia. ADB is sponsoring a two-hour session entitled, “CTI-CFF: Sustainable Financing and Stock-take,” on 13 May 2014. Discussions on sustainable financing and stock-take of CTI programs, as well as a brief overview of the reports on the State of the Coral Triangle and the Economics of Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Coral Triangle will precede the demonstration of the CTI Project Mapping Tool. The program highlights are attached in Appendix 18. E. Project Management and Operation 54. Consultants’ inputs. As of 31 March 2014, the PMC team has rendered a total input of 191.83 person-months (p-m) representing 30% of the total 635 person-months provided in the ADB-PRIMEX contract. Time elapsed since the mobilization of the PMC Team on 13 August 2012 is 41%, with physical accomplishment of 22%. The utilization of person-months in RPMO, Interim Regional Secretariat (IRS), and PMUs is shown in Figure 1, and details of the specialists’ inputs are in Appendix 19.

Figure 1: Person-Months Rendered by PMC Specialists

55. The RPMO Financial Management cum Procurement and Contracts Specialist has served more time than what was originally allocated to this position. The total number of person-months (p-m) for some positions, both at RPMO and the PMUs, are about to be totally consumed, while there are positions that have limited time utilization, percentage-wise. Thus, as discussed by the

0

50

100

150

200

250

RPMO IRS Indonesia Malaysia Philippines

102.00

48.00

155.00

121.00

209.00

57.94

20.27 45.81

21.38 46.44

9.91 2.73 5.96 2.98 10.13

Contracted Input Input as of 31 Mar 2014 Input for 1st Quarter 2014

Person-months

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PRIMEX Project Director and Team Leader with the ADB Project Officer at a meeting at ADB on 2 April 2014, PRIMEX will prepare an Omnibus Contract Variation Order (OCVO) to adjust the allocation of person-months among positions in the PMC Team, considering the actual demands of the project that have emerged after more than 1.5 years of implementation. The OCVO will also include adjustments in the out-of-pocket expenses (OPEs) to consider necessary expense items that were not foreseen during proposal preparation.

III. ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND SUGGESTED ACTIONS 56. Indonesia. Preparations for the WCRC to be held in Manado on 13-16 May 2014 has been taking a lot of attention from the Indonesia NCC, which have made it difficult to set activities and meetings with the NCC. Nevertheless, two important meetings were held involving key decision-makers. These were the meeting on the integration of seascapes and FMAs and the TWG meeting. 57. The Indonesia PMU Team composition is yet to be completed because the new candidate for Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS) Specialist position has not been approved due to his inability to secure a certification from his university that he would be allowed to take a leave of absence once he is accepted by the PMC Team. The National CMRM Specialist has resigned effective 2 January 2014. A replacement has been identified, but his name will be submitted to ADB as part of the OCVO (para. 55). 58. Malaysia. The unique institutional arrangement that exists between the focal point of Malaysia NCC and the partner agencies remains a major challenge in RETA implementation. While the country focal point is the National Oceanographic Directorate (NOD) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), which holds office in Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, the partner implementing agencies of the RETA are the state agencies based in Sabah, where all of the project sites are located. 59. The recent national election has resulted in major changes in the Government, which led to changes in personalities involved in the CTI and in the implementation of the RETA. For instance, the Minister and Secretary General of MOSTI are both newly appointed and need to be oriented on the project. The undersecretary of MOSTI has been transferred to another office, and the Director and Deputy Director of NOD, who are the secretary and deputy secretary of NCC, respectively, have gone back to their respective home offices. These two positions remain vacant; hence, any decision requiring NCC endorsement has to be put on hold until the two positions are filled. 60. At the state level, the Sabah Parks has a new director, who has to be oriented on the project since Sabah Parks is the implementing partner of two of the RETA subprojects. In addition, there is also a reshuffle of the overall management in the agency, and members of the old staff have been reassigned to other posts, thus requiring a re-orientation for the new staff. The new management and staff have shown keen interest in the project. 61. The Sabah Wildlife Department (SWD) has an important role to play in MPA management and the protection of endangered species. Thus, the functions of SWD are highly relevant to CTI-SEA. However, to date, there has been no formal dealing or engagement between CTI-SEA and SWD. The RETA will request the Chair of the SCC to invite SWD to future SCC meetings.

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62. Philippines. Security concerns in the Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary (TIWS) remain the primary issue affecting subproject implementation. Kidnapping and piracy in the islands and navigational routes close to TIWS have delayed the implementation of several key activities, such as the law enforcement training for community groups, VA of communities, and support to livelihood projects. Coordination with the PASu in charge of Tawi-Tawi and DENR 9 officials has been established, and the work plan for TIWS has been presented at a DENR meeting. However, the absence of a safe regular route to TIWS is making assistance to the site very difficult not just for the project but for other agencies as well. The GIZ-SSME project, which the project is partnering with in the conduct of a VA in TIWS, is similarly constrained by the security problem. Since August 2013, a travel advisory has been in place prohibiting GIZ staff and consultants from travelling to TIWS. Other options, such as coordinating with the Philippine Navy, a TIWS PAMB member, to use its boat and using the once-a-week Zamboanga-Sandakan passenger ferry, are being explored, although these do not truly address the basic problem of security that is affecting project implementation. 63. The National SF Specialist and Climate Change Specialist submitted their resignation from the PMU in December 2013 and March 2014, respectively. The National SF Specialist committed to complete all activities related to the costing of the CTI NPOA by the second week of February 2014. The National Climate Change Specialist will submit the Balabac VA report in May 2014 and assist the GIS Specialist in interpreting the VA data prior to the preparation of hazard maps. The International SF and Climate Change Specialists will assist the Philippine PMU in implementing local priorities in addition to their tasks in the RPMO. 64. Knowledge Management (KM). The PMC Team has not received clear confirmation if Section 3 of the ADB Administrative Circular B2 (External Publications or Speaking in a Staff Member’s Unofficial/Personal Capacity) is the correct guideline for paper or conference presentation of consultants. This circular was referred to the Regional KM Specialist by the Communications Specialist of the Publishing Unit of ADB’s Department of External Relations (DER). The ADB Project Officer for the RETA noted that the Circular is for ADB staff members, and he asked for specific guidelines for ADB consultants.

IV. NEXT STEPS 65. Indonesia. Major activities for the next quarter will include the following: (i) second meeting on Integration of Seascapes and FMAs; (ii) mobilization and conduct of Physical Exposure Study in Amurang Bay, South Minahasa; (iii) implementation of CCA activities in Arakan Village; (iv) procurement of secondary data and maps for the establishment of the Sulawesi Seascape Database System; (v) conduct of small meetings and consultations on the review and updating of the Indonesia NPOA; (vi) implementation of field reconnaissance surveys to determine the TOR for pilot EAFM in Kwandang Bay; and (vii) review of secondary data and past studies on marine ecosystem of Para Island as basis for finalizing the TOR and CP for the establishment of a new MPA in Sangihe District. 66. Malaysia. The following activities will be undertaken in the next quarter: (i) exploring opportunities for cooperation with the Department of Marine Parks Malaysia (DMPM), specifically, co-financing or resource sharing and participation in MPA management training; (ii) tabulation and analysis of the results of the questionnaire that was administered on the potential MPA management training participants so that decisions could be made on the content and depth of the training program; (iii) commencement of the population genetics study in Semporna by BMRI of the UMS; (iv) conduct of field surveys in Marudu Bay and preparation of a CP for ICZM; (v) completion and finalization of the remaining CPs for all the subprojects that have been approved and endorsed

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by the NCC and SCC, viz., development of alternative livelihood, VA, and CCA; and (vi) identification of options for the development of alternative livelihood subprojects in Pitas/Marudu and Kudat. 67. Philippines. Priority activities of the Philippine PMU in the next quarter are the following: (i) conduct of a rapid resource assessment in Dumanquillas Bay; (ii) implementation of school-led environmental campaigns in five national high schools in Taytay, Palawan; (iii) launching of the CRM-themed story writing contest for high school students and CTI day celebration in Palawan; (iv) conduct of law enforcement training in Tañon Strait and Taytay, Palawan; (v) expansion of livelihood support to Taytay people’s organizations (POs) in partnership with the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); and (vi) habitat/resource assessment in Balabac in connection with the establishment of MPAs. 68. Knowledge management. With the approval of the CP on the development of version 2 of the CTI Project Mapping Tool, succeeding efforts will focus on enhancing the functionalities and features of the tool to make it more responsive to the expressed needs and priorities of users. The brochure describing the tool and its uses will be printed in the second quarter. The focal person from Malaysia has committed to upload information on various researches that have been conducted in the CTI region, starting with the records from the UMS. In Indonesia, converting an existing list from the NCC will be a priority. In the Philippines, meeting with the BFAR Planning Division, who were not able to attend the February 2014 workshop, and with the NEDA Monitoring and Evaluation Staff will be scheduled. In particular, the Mapping Team will explore the inclusion of other aquaculture and mariculture projects and, if possible, fisheries resources. It will be important to reiterate what the tool can do and cannot do, particularly on the suggestion to look into the possibility of showing information on the physical progress of each project. 69. The KM Team will update information about the RETA project on the web (www.ctknetwork.org). There is also a plan to sponsor an orientation on basic photography for Philippine PMU consultants to improve the quality of photo documentation of project activities. Photos from previous activities will be compiled in a project brochure to be printed in the second quarter. The KM Team will also coordinate with regional counterparts and the Deputy Team Leaders in the celebration of Coral Triangle Day on 9 June 2014.

http://www.ctknetwork.org/

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APPENDIX 1:

Design and Monitoring

Framework (DMF)

APPENDIX 1: PROJECT DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK AND SUBPROJECTS TO ACHIEVE TARGETS Page 1


PROJECT DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK AND SUBPROJECTS TO ACHIEVE TARGETS

Design Summary Performance Targets/Indicators

Corresponding Subprojects and Status (as of 31 March 2014) Indonesia Malaysia Philippines

OUTPUT 1: Improved policy framework for sustainable coastal and marine ecosystem management

National operational guidelines for ecosystem-based management of coastal marine resources adopted

• Support for the legalization of NPOA Has been initially discussed by the TWG during its 26 March 2014 meeting

• Harmonization of Seascape and Fisheries Management Areas A discussion paper has been prepared by the PMC team and presented during the first small meeting of concerned MMAF officials on 12 February 2014.

• Policies on EAFM and MPA management Recommendations on policy framework will be part of the output of the capacity building on EAFM and MPA management as on-the-job training. The Inception Meeting for these two subprojects has been conducted in December 2013 and agreed activities are currently being implemented.

• Policy review on CMRM, EAFM and MCS related policies, guidelines and implementation tools

• Philippine NPOA Costing

A workshop has been conducted and the cost of the Philippine NPOA has been presented to the NCC. The A document is being finalized as a knowledge product.

National Coral Reef Management Conservation Program consistent with Indonesia’s NPOA submitted for government’s consideration in 2011

• Project preparation for COREMAP-CTI under direct ADB supervision Design of COREMAP-CTI has been submitted and the loan for implementation has been negotiated and approved by ADB.

A minimum of 200 government staff, at least 30% of which are women, trained on ecosystem-based CMRM

• MPA management, CCA, EAFM and spatial database for Sulawesi Sea have training components for at least 80 trainees 12 participants were trained on Vulnerability Assessment (VA) and Local Early Action Plan (LEAP) at the University of Sam Ratulangi on 10 February 2014.

• Capacity building on MPA management of Sabah Parks rangers A gap analysis and training needs assessment has been conducted. A preliminary list of trainees has been drawn up by the Sabah Parks management.

• Training on NIPAS, MPA management, CCA, and MCS o Training on MCS was

conducted for 48 government personnel in Balabac.

o 31 government personnel were trained on DRRM in Taytay, Palawan.

o 30 students joined the Youth Camp on Coastal Resource Management (CRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in Taytay, Palawan.





OUTPUT 2: Ecosystem-based approach to marine resources management pilot- tested

5 local ecosystem-based management plans pilot- tested

• New MPA in Sangihe, North Sulawesi Sangihe was confirmed by the TWG as the MPA pilot site during its meeting on 26 March 2014. The capsule proposal (CP) for environmental and socio-economic profiling has been finalized, and the cost estimate for the CP is being reviewed.

• New MPA in Talaud, North

Sulawesi The TWG decided to drop this project site during its meeting on 26 March 2014. Nevertheless, the new MPA in Talaud will be included under the regular program of MMAF on remote small islands.

• EAFM in North Sulawesi

During its meeting on 26 March 2014, the TWG decided to pilot test the EAFM for grouper in Kuandang, Gorontalo. Hence, there is no need for the LRFFT Study on Grouper Trade in Sulawesi Sea to determine the most appropriate pilot site.

• EAFM of groupers in Semporna Consultations with cage operators and traders from Semporna and Tawau and Department of Fisheries Sabah – Tawau Office were conducted on 10 February 2014. Collaboration agreements on subproject implementation with DOF-Sabah and BMRI have been negotiated. Both DOF-Sabah and BMRI will be contributing resources in kind.

• Support to CRM of Tañon Strait The Draft Tañon Strait Management Plan has been completed and presented to the mayors, three provincial PAMBs, and the TWG. Baseline data gathering using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) has been conducted. Collation of technical data from LGUs is ongoing to improve the Draft Tañon Strait Management Plan.

• EAFM of small pelagics in

Dumanquillas Bay The work program for EAFM on small pelagics has been presented to PAMB. The METT has also been conducted.

• EAFM of grouper fisheries in

Taytay Bay METT and MEAT were conducted in the second week of December 2013 at the proposed MPA sites in Taytay Bay.





A management plan with an MCS system for transboundary NMPA pilot-tested

• Designation of MPAs as part of CTMPAS Initial discussion was conducted on potential sites for NMPA during the TWG meeting on 26 March 2014.

• Addressing IUU fishing of coral reef fishes in Balabac Training on MCS was conducted for 48 government personnel. Review of relevant fisheries regulations and policies has commenced.

Climate change adaptation measures pilot-tested in 3 coastal communities for replication

• VA/CCA in Tatapaan Sub- District in Minahasa Selatan District CP approval was received on 25 November 2013; subcontract with UNSRAT has been submitted to ADB for approval; implementation will commence in Q1, 2014. CCA planning using LEAP methodology has been conducted.

• Pilot testing of CCA in Taytay, Palawan CCA Plan has been discussed with the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) (Municipal Council) member in charge of fisheries and will be presented to SB for approval. The following components of the CCA plan have been implemented: (i) training on early warning response and disaster management; (ii) introduction of abalone mariculture; (iii) planting of salt-tolerant rice varieties; (iv) training of barangay health workers; and (v) mangrove planting. Monitoring of ongoing CCA projects is continuing.

• VA/CCA in TIWS

o The results of VA conducted in May 2013 in Balabac municipality were presented to the LGU in a workshop held on 14 February 2014 in Puerto Princesa City.

o VA data will be further processed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software.





Sustainable livelihood and microenterprise models established for 100-250 household beneficiaries with at least 15% female headed micro industries/enterprises in 4-5 coastal villages in Sabah, Malaysia

• Livelihood subprojects in Kudat-Marudu-Pitas districts A feasibility study on the re-introduction of green mussel culture in Marudu Bay has been conducted.

OUTPUT 3: Effective project management implemented

M&E system applied • Application of PPMS as per PRIMEX technical proposal The PPMS framework has been drafted and used in estimating physical accomplishment; the financial monitoring system has been designed and past data are being inputted.

• Application of PPMS as per PRIMEX technical proposal The PPMS framework has been drafted and used in estimating physical accomplishment; the financial monitoring system has been designed and past data are being inputted.

• Application of PPMS as per PRIMEX technical proposal The PPMS framework has been drafted and used in estimating physical accomplishment; the financial monitoring system is being designed.

Two knowledge products produced per year and linked to the GEF IW:LEARN and national, regional, and global knowledge networks

• KM support of RETA 7813 to the Indonesia NCC and IRS KM position for IRS has been temporarily assigned to NCC Indonesia; 2 participants from Indonesia joined the UNEP ICT training in ADB on 17-20 March 2014.

• KM support of RETA 7813 to the Malaysia NCC 1 participant from Malaysia joined the UNEP ICT training in ADB on 17-20 March 2014. The project mapping tool was also introduced to the participants as part of the network for updating the database for the tool.

• KM support of RETA 7813 to the Philippines NCC The Heroes of the Environment (Bayani ng Kalikasan) Youth Camp was held in Taytay, Palawan to impart basic knowledge and skills on coastal resource management and climate change.

Partnerships established with private sector in implementation of at least 3 activities in the CT3

• Live fish trade of grouper • Livelihood subprojects in Kudat-Marudu-Pitas districts

• EAFM of groupers in Semporna Cage operators and traders from Semporna and Tawau have agreed to join the training on EAFM of groupers in Semporna towards late 2014.

• Pilot testing of PES in Taytay, Bay A scoping mission to Taytay municipality was conducted on 10-12 March 2014 to gather data needed in enhancing the design of the PES CP.

APPENDIX 2:

DMF Activities with

Milestones

MMM

APPENDIX 2: DMF ACTIVITIES WITH MILESTONES Page 1


DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK ACTIVITIES WITH MILESTONES (As of 31 March 2014)

Activities ADB/RPMO Indonesia Malaysia Philippines

1. Policy and institutional frameworks for sustainable coastal and marines resources management improved

1.1. Develop national specific guidelines for ecosystem- based resources management for policy makers and managers (completed by month 18)

1.2. Design and implement a comprehensive training program on resources management and climate change adaptation for national and local government personnel, nongovernment organization, and the private sector (completed by month 46)

• The VA/CCA training conducted in the University of Sam Ratulangi that was conducted in 10 February 2014 used the LEAP methodology developed through USCTI initiatives.

• The Essential EAFM Manual for Executives will be adapted for use during this training. This Manual was developed through collaboration between the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) Project, FAO, and the US Coral Triangle Initiative (USCTI).

• The following trainings have been conducted in Taytay, Palawan: (i) culture of abalone. (ii) planting and monitoring of salt-tolerant rice varieties; (ii) Health management and sanitation and monitoring, and (ii) early warning and disaster preparedness. In Balabac, Palawan, the following have been conducted: (i) training of researchers on vulnerability assessment, and (ii) fishery law enforcement.




1.3. Mentor government staff on knowledge management (completed by month 46)

• A KM Specialist under the PMO has been coordinating with the CT3 NCC secretariats in the collaborative development of KM products.

• The RETA co-financed the attendance of participants from Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines at the Global Environment Fund/International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (GEF/IW:LEARN) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Workshop on Data Visualization, held at the ADB Headquarters in Manila on 17-20 March 2014.

• The KM Specialist position for the IRS has been on-loan to the NCC Indonesia Secretariat.

• A KM and Communications Specialist has been assigned to assist in the KM needs of Malaysia NCC Secretariat.

• KM assistants have been assigned at the Philippine NCC Secretariat at CMMO. Mentoring is ongoing.




1.4. Design and conduct public awareness campaigns on resources management and climate change adaptation (completed by month 46)

• KM activities of the project are being disseminated through the CTI website. This website using the GEF/IW:LEARN Platform (www.coraltriangleiniative.net) which was set up through RETA 7307 has been migrated to an ADB-managed platform (www.ctiknetwork.org). KM products are being coursed through this website and ADB’s Department of External Relations.

• Version 2 of the CTI Project Mapping Tool was developed during the first quarter by introducing modifications to version 1 based on feedback from users. The CTI Project Mapping Tool is a database and an interactive map of development projects in the Coral Triangle.

• Climate change awareness activities were undertaken in Arakan Village on 11 February 2014 as part of the process for determining CCA options based on the community’s aspirations.

• A beach clean-up and public awareness on climate change was conducted in Marudu Bay in December 2014.

• Communication needs assessment has been carried out. An Information, Education and Communications (IEC) campaign has been designed with the following components: (i) a youth camp; (ii) teachers' camp/in-service teacher training; (iii) public awareness campaign; and (iv) story writing contest.

• The Heroes of the Environment (Bayani ng Kalikasan) Youth Camp was held in Taytay, Palawan on 28 February to 2 March 2014 to impart basic knowledge and skills on coastal resource management and climate change.

http://www.ctiknetwork.org/




1.5. Promote sustainable financing of resources management and climate adaptation measures (completed by month 48)

• LEAP was implemented in Arakan Village in February 2014 in connection with the acceleration of CCA planning in this village. SF will be explored once CCA plan has been prepared.

• Stakeholders in Taytay, Palawan have been consulted on PES and CCA measures. Collaborative arrangement with DSWD for livelihood support as CCA measure has been signed. On-site scoping has been undertaken to improve the design of the CP for PES in Taytay, Palawan.

2. Ecosystem-based approach to coastal and marine resources management pilot tested

2.1. Design a trinational monitoring, control, and surveillance system to address illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in the SSME, and pilot test the system in at least 3 localities in the CT3 (completed by month 48)

• The International MCS Specialist has conducted initial field observations on IUU issues in the CT3.

2.2. Establish 1 transboundary network of 3 MPAs, and implement management plans with the SSME subcommittee on MPAs and network of MPAs (completed by month 48)

• This will be conducted in conjunction with CTMPAS. RETA 7813 is processing the appointment of the designated MPA Coordinator for this effort.




2.3. Develop ecosystem-based management plans in 5 project sites (completed by month 48)

• The Indonesian NCC has decided to pilot-test EAFM in Kwandang Bay.

• A desk study on LRFFT in Sulawesi Sea will be pursued for policymaking purposes.

• A back-to-back Inception Meeting on Capacity Building for EAFM and MPA Management has been conducted. These capacity building activities will adopt the hands-on training approach, hence, these will also develop ecosystem management plans as part of their output.

• Discussions on Institutional arrangements for stock assessment of small pelagics in Dumanguillas Bay has been conducted with ZSCMST and NFRDI

• The Philippine PMU attended the Dumanquillas Bay PAMB meeting on 4 February 2014 in Pagadian City where the RETA work plan for the Bay, anchored on EAFM, was presented.

• METT has been conducted to serve as the baseline for Dumanquillas Bay prior to RETA support. The average score for all the METT components was 32%.




2.4. Conduct climate change vulnerability assessments, and pilot test adaptation measures in 3 coastal villages (completed by month 48)

• Implementation of Accelerated CCA Planning in Arakan Village was conducted in February 2014.

• Contract for the conduct of Physical Exposure study in Amurang Bay, South Minahasa has been negotiated with the University of Sam Ratulangi in Manado.

• VA and CCA Plan in Taytay, Palawan has been prepared by WWF through USCTSP. RETA 7813 has commenced pilot-testing of four recommendations in the CCA Plan. VA surveys have also been done in Balabac, Palawan.

• The results of VA conducted in May 2013 in Balabac municipality were presented to the LGU at a workshop held in Puerto Princesa City on 14 February 2014.

2.5. Develop sustainable financing plans for MPAs for the Berau Marine Conservation Area and Kudat and Balabac priority conservation areas (completed by month 48)

• SF will be prepared and pilot-tested in Taytay, Palawan instead of Balabac. Initial discussions with the local government have been conducted. A scoping has been conducted in the field to improve the design of the PES proposal.

2.6. Pilot test sustainable livelihood activities in targeted coastal villages in Sabah (commence by month 9; completed by month 48)

• Baseline data have been collected.

• A study on the feasibility of reviving the green-mussel culture in Marudu Bay has been conducted.




3. Effective project management established by ADB and the CT3 governments

3.1. Procure the services of international project coordinator and monitoring and evaluation specialist (completed by month 3)

• An international coordinator and monitoring and evaluation specialist has been mobilized by ADB

3.2. Procure the services of project management consultant (completed by month 6)

• NTP was issued on 13 August 2012.

3.3. Establish RPMO and NPCOs (completed by month 7) - NTP issued by ADB on 12 August 2012

• RPMO was established on 13 August 2012.

• INO PMU was established on 13 August 2012

• MAL PMU was established on 13

• August 2012

• PHI PMU was established on 13 August 2012

3.4. Establish links with CTI projects (completed by month 7)

• RPMO has been attending Development Partners’ meetings; the website using the GEF/IW:LEARN Platform which was set up through RETA 7307 has been migrated to an ADB-managed platform.

• The RETA co-financed participants from Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines to the GEF/IW:LEARN ICT Workshop on Data Visualization, held at the ADB Headquarters in Manila on 17-20 March 2014.

• TOR for VA in Tatapaan, South Minahasa is based on LEAP, which was prepared through USAID CTSP.

• The Malaysian NCC has designated the Department of Fisheries-Sabah and Sabah Marine Parks as the partner agencies in the implementation of the RETA 7813 Capacity Building on EAFM and MPA Management, respectively.

• Collaboration with BMRI-UMS has been established for the conduct of a study on population genetics of the grouper, Plectropomus leopardus.

• PHI PMU is implementing the CCA Plan for Taytay, Palawan, which was prepared by WWF with support from USAID CTSP.

• DSWD, DepEd, the Red Cross, PCG, the Municipal Health Office (MHO), and Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) have been involved in the implementation of the various components of the CCA.




3.5. Conduct inception workshop with the NCCs, NPCO staff, and representatives of the SSME subcommittees (completed by month 8)

• Regional Inception Workshop was conducted on 18-19 October 2012

• In-country Inception Workshop in INO was conducted on 25-26 September 2012.

• In-country Inception Workshop in MAL was conducted on 4-5 September 2012.

• In-country Inception Workshop in PHI was conducted on 4-5 October 2012.

3.6. Develop project performance management system (completed by month 12)

• Framework for PPMS has been drafted but not consolidated yet to include progress on the 3 PMUs

• Framework for PPMS has been drafted.



3.7. Coordinate review of ecological and socioeconomic baselines (completed by month 18)

• Ecological and socioeconomic profiling for VA sites in South Minahasa have been contracted out.

• Secondary baseline data in Kudat-Marudu-Pitas Districts have been collected.

• Socioeconomic data in Balabac have been collected as part of VA. Secondary data in Taytay have been available through the CCA plan.

3.8. Prepare quarterly progress reports (completed by month 48)

• 6 QPRs (including this one) have been prepared

3.9. Organize and conduct midterm review with ADB and/or GEF and prepare midterm report (completed by month 26)

• Not yet due

3.10. Prepare and submit GEF biodiversity tracking tools on MPA management effectiveness at project midterm (completed by month 27) and at project completion (completed by month 45)

• Not yet due




3.11. Conduct final review with ADB and/or GEF and prepare project completion report and GEF terminal evaluation report (completed by month 48)

• Not yet due

APPENDIX 3:

CTI SEA Bookmarks

MMM

APPENDIX 3: CTI SEA BOOKMARKS Page 1


CTI SEA BOOKMARKS

APPENDIX 4:

Discussion Paper on

Harmonizing Seascapes and

Fisheries Management

Areas, Indonesia

MMM

Appendix 4: DISCUSSION PAPER ON HARMONIZING SEASCAPES AND FMAs IN INDONESIA Page 1

DISCUSSION PAPER ON HARMONIZING SEASCAPES AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, INDONESIA1

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Under the Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) of the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF), five goals are identified. These are: (i) Goal 1, Priority seascapes designated and effectively managed; (ii) Goal 2, Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) and other marine resources fully applied; (iii) Goal 3, Marine protected areas (MPAs) established and effectively managed; (iv) Goal 4, Climate change adaptation measures achieved; and (v) Goal 5, threatened species status improving. 2. The goals articulated under the RPOA are based upon identical goals within the National Plans of Action (NPOAs) of the Coral Triangle (CT) member countries. For Indonesia, under Goal 1, Target 1 states, “Priority seascape designated, with investment plans completed and sequenced.” 3. In turn, for this target, several priority actions are identified. Of these, Action 1 states that the: “Seascape designated will be streamlined with the existing fisheries management areas (FMAs) (Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan [WPP] by 2014).” 4. The detailed activities and outputs described for this action item, as presented in the NPOA (in the “Appendix of Indicative Activities”), are as follows:

• Conduct scientific assessment on the FMAs, its management and governance and possible integration with the seascape approach. The output specified for this activity is documentation on scientific assessment on the FMA, its management and governance as a basis for streamlining the two approaches.

• Develop/conduct delineation of seascape related to existing FMAs throughout Indonesia. Output: Seascape throughout Indonesia delineated.

• Identify priority FMAs for program implementation. Output: Priority FMAs identified. • Optimize the use of communication forum of fisheries resources utilization and

management (FKPPS) in the provincial and national level. Output: Fluid communication through FKPPS at provincial and national level.

5. Action 1 (of Goal 1, Target 1), as described here, has been included as one of the national sub-projects under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Regional Technical Assistance (RETA), “Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle-Southeast Asia” (CTI-SEA; RETA 7813).

II. BACKROUND, RATIONALE, AND PURPOSE OF THE DISCUSSION PAPER

6. The traditional approach to fisheries management comprises a management system involving fishers, government agencies, and other partners in the fisheries industry—including fishing port operators, processors, and traders—as well as coastal communities that depend largely upon fisheries for their livelihood and economic development, with the primary emphasis

1 Prepared by Consultants of the Regional Project Management Office and Indonesia Project Management Unit, 1 February 2014.

Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, management, or staff, nor of the Government of Indonesia.



of the approach being to improve efficiency and maximize production. Fisheries management efforts may typically be carried out within designated FMAs. While the traditional objectives of improving efficiency and production within FMAs may be well-aligned with a number of higher goals, including improved food security and alleviation of poverty, they also entail risks, in that there is a possible tendency (as has often been the case for a variety of extractive industries) to exploit the target resource in ways and to such an extent that may not be sustainable over the long term. In the fisheries sector, unsustainable harvests may cause loss of globally-important biodiversity, result in imbalances in coastal and marine ecosystems, and lead ultimately to the collapse of specific fisheries. Indeed, overfishing, often exacerbated by destructive fishing practices, has resulted in just such impacts in most of the world’s major fisheries.2 Because of the above-mentioned threats that are affecting many of the world’s major fisheries, in recent years, experts have been considering ways in which traditional approaches could be modified, to lead to greater sustainability. Adoption and integration of a Seascape approach is one such option that has been identified in the CTI NPOA for further investigation and streamlining with the existing WPP system. 7. Seascapes are described as:

“…large, multiple-use marine areas, defined scientifically and strategically, in which government authorities, private organisations, and other stakeholders cooperate to conserve the diversity and abundance of marine life and to promote human well-being. Seascapes typically have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value. Seascapes may include government-authorized protected areas for addressing special management needs and provide an opportunity for government agencies to coordinate their efforts voluntarily to secure more effective regional management programs. Seascapes define places where conservation goals and human well-being can be secured through partnerships between governments, local communities, and non-government and private organisations.” 3

8. Thus, a “seascape” is more than simply a spatially-designated area—a management methodology is implied in designating an area as a seascape. The seascape approach to management is based on the delineation of a spatial management area of relatively large scale and a determination of the types of activities that occur within it. In contrast to more traditional fisheries management approaches, the seascape approach strives for greater integration of objectives across multiple sectors, and it is oriented towards the long-term conservation of fisheries resources for the common good; thus, improved and sustainable fisheries production is but one of several beneficial outcomes that are expected to accrue when the approach is effectively applied. 9. In recent years, best practices for fisheries management have gravitated towards the “Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management” (EAFM).4 The seascape approach shares

2 A large body of literature deals with the subject of potential collapse of the world’s fisheries, the effects of overfishing, and similar subjects. Among recent articles dealing with these topics are the following: Gaines, S. and C. Costello. 2013. Forecasting fisheries collapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 (40): 15859–15860; Pikitch, E.K. 2012. The Risks of Overfishing. Science 338 (6106): 474-475; and Costello, C. et al. 2012. Status and Solutions for the World’s Unassessed Fisheries. Science: 517-520.

3 Bensted-Smith and Kirkman. 2010. 4 FAO, 2003.



Questions for Discussion and Clarification: • Why is there a need to harmonize ‘seascape’ with WPP in the first place? • Is the intention of Goal 1, Target 1, Action 1 of the NPOA to harmonize two different

management approaches, or simply to harmonize the geographic delineation of areas designated for management?”

some similarities with EAFM, and it has been observed that “with the move of fisheries management towards an EAFM, the use of spatial management tools5 will increase.”6 10. In keeping with these current management trends, the Indonesia NPOA has identified harmonization or streamlining of seascapes with the existing FMAs as one of the priority objectives of the CTI-CFF program in Indonesia. 11. As a first step in this process, the purposes of this discussion paper are to: (i) present background information on the two management approaches, especially in describing their applicability within the Indonesia context; and (ii) examine their common features and differences. The planned steps that will follow in the harmonization process include consultations and consensus-building to (i) identify the best features of each approach; (ii) suggest possible strategies by which the two approaches can be integrated, harmonized and streamlined; and (iii) finally arrive at a defined harmonization strategy and plan. The four main activities articulated for Action 1 in the NPOA, and cited in the Introduction section above, represent the key implementation steps by which the desired harmonization and streamlining objective will be achieved.

III. THE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREA (FMA) (WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN [WPP]) OF INDONESIA

12. Taking the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN/FAO) global system of major fishing areas (MFAs) as its starting point,7 the WPP of the Republic of Indonesia is a zoning system that has been legalized based on Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. PER 01/MEN/2009. The WPPs are areas designated for management for fish capture, fish farming, conservation, and research and development in fisheries. The WPP includes internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial waters, the contiguous zone, and the Indonesia exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (Art. 1, para. 1). 13. The WPP-RI is divided into 11 FMAs (Fig. 1), namely:

• WPP-RI 571, which includes The Straits of Malacca and the Andaman Sea; • WPP-RI 572, which includes the Indian Ocean west of Sumatera and the Sunda

Straits;

5 Over the last few decades, several different types of spatial management tools have come into use for the management of fisheries and the conservation of coastal and marine resources. The seascape is one such tool that is relevant for management over large geographic areas. The marine protected area (MPA) is a corresponding tool that is more specific to smaller coastal sites, which typically contain high-biodiversity ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangrove areas, and seagrass beds. The MPA network is another spatial management tool that can combine some of the features of large-scale seascapes and site-specific MPAs.

6 FAO, 2009 as cited in Pomeroy, R. et al. 2013. 7 The vast majority of Indonesia’s territorial seas falls within two FAO MFAs: No. 71, Western Central Pacific, and No.

57, Eastern Indian Ocean and its sub-areas. The initial two digits used to designate the WPP areas coincide with the numbering for FAO MFAs (i.e., MFAs 57 and 71).



• WPP-RI 573, which includes the Indian Ocean south of Java, south of Nusa Tenggara, the Sawu Sea, and western part of the Timor Sea;

• WPP-RI 711, which includes the Karimata Straits, the Natuna Sea, and the South China Sea;

• WPP-RI 712, which includes the Java Sea; • WPP-RI 713, which includes The Straits of Makassar, the Gulf of Bone, the Flores

Sea; and the Banda Sea; • WPP-RI 714, which includes the Gulf of Tolo and the Banda Sea; • WPP-RI 715, which includes the Gulf of Tomini; the Maluku Sea, the Halmahera

Sea, the Seram Sea, the Gulf of Berau; • WPP-RI 716, which includes the Sulawesi Sea [and the northern part of Halmahera

Island]; • WPP-RI 717, which includes the Gulf of Cenderawasih and the Pacific Ocean; and • WPP-RI 718, which includes the Aru Sea, the Arafura Sea and eastern part of the

Timor Sea.8 14. As is true for the FAO MFAs, the WPP was designed to facilitate data collection for fisheries management. Estimates of the potential fisheries resources for each WPP area have been calculated (Table 1) and the status of exploitation has also been measured (Table 2). The WPP system is also used to define the different management approaches and regulations that are appropriate for different areas, depending upon the differing conditions and requirements that prevail within each location.

Figure 1. Indonesian FMA (PERMEN KP NO. 01/2009) [WPP])

Source: BOBLME, 2009.

8 The Indonesia WPP follows the FAO MFA system; the initial two digits used to designate the WPP areas coincide with the numbering for FAO MFAs (i.e., MFAs 57 and 71).



Table 1. Fisheries Resource Estimates for Each WPP Area

Source: Ministerial Regulation of MMAF No. KEP. 45/MEN/2011

Table 2. Status of Exploitation in Each WPP Area

Source: Ministerial Regulation of MMAF No. KEP. 45/MEN/2011 15. It should be noted that, while the main purpose and focus of the WPP are for management of fisheries, the MMAF Regulation No. PER 01/MEN/2009, on which the WPP system is based, also makes mention of other mandated activities within WPP areas, such as conservation and research. The existing fisheries legislation, viz., RI Law No. 45,9 has language

LEGEND:



Question for Discussion and Clarification: There is a plethora of terms that are used to designate fisheries areas and for the various fisheries management approaches that may be applied within them. In addition to the existing legally designated FMAs/WPP, the terminologies applied include “seascapes and marine ecoregions,” and the methodologies include EAFM, and ecosystem-based management (EBM), among others. Is it possible to come to an agreement on which is the best terminology—both for spatial area and approach—to streamline with WPP?

that suggests a holistic, ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management, including adherence to principles of perpetual preservation (Article I.2[j]), pollution prevention (Article I.3(1)[o]), and conservation of the ecosystem to “ensure the existence, availability, and continuity” of fish resources (Article I.1.1.[8]). Presumably, the mandates for managing the WPP areas are supported (and required) by this legislation.

IV. THE SEASCAPE APPROACH

A. Basic Principles 16. In 2004, Conservation International (CI) presented the concept of “seascape” as a practical new approach to improve the management and governance of the Earth’s oceans on a large scale. ‘Seascape’ is one of several labels that are used to describe quite closely-related spatial management systems for fisheries and other ocean resources—the geographic designations are variously termed as large marine ecosystems, marine ecoregions, regional seas, and seascapes, among others. The common feature of these systems is that they all apply science at a large ecosystem scale,10 as part of an approach for defining a practical method of management that is suited for resources that may be mobile over large ocean distances during various phases of their life history—namely, fishes and other diverse marine biota. 17. As is the case for the fisheries management areas (FMAs) described in the preceding section, seascapes may also intersect with or contain other management areas that are of different scale or that have somewhat different functions and purposes. For example, seascapes may include marine protected areas (MPAs), which are usually smaller scale management areas associated with high-biodiversity coastal and marine habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests. Seascapes may also intersect with areas that have been set aside for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), which represents a “ridge-to-reef” approach that includes both terrestrial and aquatic areas. 18. The diagram in Figure 2 shows the interrelationships between some of the closely related management approaches that have been applied for management of fisheries and other marine resources. It should be noted that seascapes (as well as MPAs) are subsets that fit under the heading of “marine spatial planning” in the diagram.

9 Amendment to Law No. 31. 2004. Concerning Fishery (RI Law No 45, Year 2009, dated 29 October 2009). 10 Bensted-Smith and Kirkman. 2010.



Figure 2. Interrelationships of Various Ecosystem-Based Management Approaches

Source: Pomeroy et al. 2013. 19. To be sure, management at the seascape level is extremely challenging, especially because this usually entails close coordination and cooperation between different jurisdictional levels (and may also require international cooperation as well, for those seascapes that cross international boundaries). The success of the various regimes mentioned above as tools for management depends less on the label that is applied, than on factors such as opportunity for iteration and adaptation, relevance to development, mobilization of partners, capacity to work at multiple levels, sustained investment, availability of capital to finance agreed-upon solutions, and the skill and determination of field staff. According to the Bensted-Smith and Kirkman study:

“Ecosystem based management demands sustained attention to ensure robust marine resource governance at the level of coastal communities, as well as to the maintenance of large-scale ecological processes. There are encouraging signs that conservation practitioners are progressing in this direction, irrespective of which methodological flag they are flying.” 11

20. While the definition of “seascape” has already been provided in the Introduction section, it is equally important to understand how it is distinguished from other systems, what its strengths and purposes are, and how it functions. Seascapes share certain common features with other large-scale marine management approaches. As with other related approaches, a seascape represents a defined geographic space, identified by both ecological and strategic criteria, in which management initiatives are taking place. As is usually true for other large-scale marine management methods, seascapes have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value. 21. However, seascapes are seen to differ from other large-area management scenarios, in the following key respects:

11 Ibid.



• Seascapes differ from most other large-scale approaches in the strong emphasis given to developing sustainable, multi-level governance structures. Seascapes typically include government-authorized protected areas that address special management needs, and provide an opportunity for government agencies to coordinate their efforts voluntarily to secure more effective regional management (Atkinson et al. 2011); and

• Unlike most other large marine management areas (LMMAs), a seascape is not a mapping unit that exists in the absence of a management initiative. As a prerequisite for considering an area as a seascape, it is necessary to ascertain whether efforts have been initiated to ensure that the nine essential elements of a functional seascape are in place (Atkinson et al., 2011). These essential elements are described briefly below:

• Enabling legal framework. Seascapes generate an enabling framework of laws,

conventions, regulations, and policies that facilitate marine conservation at local, national and regional scale.

• Ecosystem-based management including MPAs. Seascapes advance large-scale management of marine ecosystems and species through the use of multidisciplinary scientific information to inform effective planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

• Adequate institutions and capacity. Seascapes build adequate institutional frameworks and capacity, including personnel, infrastructure, and equipment, to make marine governance structures (governmental, commercial, and civil) work effectively and efficiently;

• Private sector engagement. Seascapes promote convergence between conservation and development by linking the viability and profitability of major economic activities with sustainable management of the ecosystem.

• Social and political support. Seascapes increase the social and political viability of marine conservation as an integral part of sustainable development, and they build broad support at all scales, from stakeholders in local marine managed areas to national leaders.

• Maintenance and restoration of critical habitats and ecosystems. Seascapes maintain or restore critical habitats and ecosystems so that ecological processes and ecosystem services are sustained.

• Threatened species recovery. Seascapes reverse declining population trends for threatened marine species.

• Human well-being benefits. Seascapes improve the social, economic, and cultural well-being of human communities dependent on marine and coastal resources and ecosystems.

• Sustainable financing and market mechanisms. Seascapes strive to be financially sustainable with funding portfolios that are stable, diverse, and large enough to implement all priority marine conservation activities.

22. The interrelationships between these key elements are represented schematically in Figure 3.



Figure 3. Essential Elements of a Functional Seascape

Source: Atkinson et al., 2011.

B. Seascape in the Indonesian Context 23. During a workshop conducted in 2004, in-depth consultations took place among a distinguished group of marine conservation experts, that identified 12 marine ecoregions in Indonesia (Fig. 4).12 According to Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW),13 seascape delineation can be done with the criteria of species diversity, endemism, endangered species groups, the level of uniqueness of the landscape and other factors. With the passage of time, it was recognized that new issues (e.g., availability of new data, emergence of climate change as a key concern) would necessitate revisiting the marine ecoregions map in an effort to prioritize the 12 Indonesian marine ecoregions in terms of their conservation significance. This prioritization exercise was carried out in 2009, and the resulting prioritization is shown in Figure 5. The four highest-scoring ecoregions were Papua, Banda Sea, Lesser Sundas, and Sulawesi Sea. These areas were, thus, recognized as having the highest priority for implementing effective conservation management measures.

12 Green and Mous. 2005. 13 Spalding et al. 2007.

Questions for Discussion and Clarification:

• How are the terminologies that are applied to spatial management areas or management approaches synonymous with, or distinguished from, one another?

• Are there different agencies responsible for the different management regimes? If so, are there conflicts or confusion in undertaking their respective mandates?

• What actions would need to be taken to harmonize or streamline seascapes with WPP? For example, would harmonization require: (i) policy reform; (ii) changes to laws; (iii) changes in the mandate of MMAF or Ministry of Environment; or (iv) need to increase awareness of agencies involved in seascape management and fisheries management?



Figure 4: Indonesian Marine Ecoregions/Seascapes

Source: Spalding et al., 2007

Figure 5: Proritization of Indonesia’s Marine Ecoregions/Seascapes

Source: Huffard et al., 2012. 24. At the most recent CTI-CFF Seascape Technical Working Group Meeting held in Bali on 16-17 April 2013, it was reported that four seascapes within Indonesia are considered to be well-delineated, based upon the nine key criteria for seascape definition mentioned above. These are: (i) the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME); (ii) Bird’s Head Seascape; (iii)



Bastunamata Seascape; and (iv) Sunda-Banda Seascape. The level of progress for qualifying these four areas as seascapes, as articulated during the Bali meeting, is shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Progress in Qualification of Indonesia Seascapes

Essential elements of a functional Seascape

Seascape

Enabling legal

framework

Ecosystem-based

management

Adequate institutions

and capacity

Private sector engagement

Social and political support

Maintenance and restoration of

critical habitats and ecosystems

Threatened species recovery

Human well-being

benefits

Sustainable financing and

market mechanisms

Overall score (5=

highest) Sulu-Sulawesi +++ +++++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++++ + 3.89 Bird’s Head +++ +++++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++++ + 3.89 Anambas - Natuna - Karimata (Bastunamata)

+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ + 3.57

Sunda-Banda +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ + 3.57 Legend: - : no progress; + : initiated; +++ : planned; +++++ : implemented 25. The Bali meeting also set an agenda for developing standard criteria for delineation of seascapes across Indonesia. Among the key objectives in doing so are to: (i) build and develop the key elements required for establishing the seascapes; (ii) synchronize and harmonize Indonesia’s seascapes with other approaches and techniques, such as WPP, MPA networks, marine ecoregions, and coastal and marine spatial planning (RZWP3K), at the national, provincial, and district levels; (iii) develop management plan for seascapes, prioritized according to best available data; and (iv) ensure that sustainable financing mechanisms are established to guarantee long-term support for the seascapes. 26. As demonstrated in the foregoing discussion, in the Indonesian context, to date, the term ‘ecoregion’ has been used more or less interchangeably with ‘seascape’ to describe large marine areas, which are defined for a range of conservation and resource management purposes. Indeed, it seems that these two terminologies share more features in common, than differences, and thus, the interchangeability is justified. Therefore, it is proposed here that the Indonesian ecoregions, which have already been well-defined, should be taken as a starting points for the definition of seascapes in Indonesia—in fact, as noted above, this process has already been started by the CTI-CFF Seascapes TWG. 27. Implicit in the definition of ecoregions is the recognition of their importance as natural ecosystems and as reservoirs for globally important biodiversity. Thus, the ecoregions that have been identified, already embody three of the nine prerequisite elements of seascapes:

• Because the ecoregions represent large ecosystems by definition, it is anticipated that an ecosystem-based approach will be applied for their management.

• Implicit in their establishment is recognition of the importance of maintaining and restoring critical habitats and ecosystems.

• Definition of the ecoregions can facilitate improved survivorship of marine biota, thus contributing to threatened species recovery.

28. Working towards strengthening or adding the remaining six essential seascape elements (i.e., enabling legal framework, institutional framework and adequate capacity, private sector engagement, social and political support, human well-being benefits, and sustainable financing) could lead to the establishment of a system of well-defined and functional seascapes in Indonesia over time.



V. THE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREA (WPP) AND THE SEASCAPE COMPARED

29. The extent to which the WPP areas and identified marine ecoregions of Indonesia overlap spatially can be clearly seen in Figure 6. A comparison between the management approaches that would typically be applied within these two spatial systems of categorization, specific to the Indonesian context, is presented in Table 4. The features described in the table are an amalgamation of features that are associated with each of these two systems.

Figure 6. WPP Areas and Marine Ecoregions of Indonesia

Table 4. Comparison of WPP and Seascapes

No. Features WPP Seascape Comments 1 Determination

of Geographic Area

• Follows FAO MFA system: main considerations include sovereignty, EEZ, continental shelf limits

• Follows scientific expert opinion • Reflects importance of areas as

integrated ecosystems • Reflects importance of areas as

reservoirs of marine biodiversity

• The delineated seascapes in Indonesia show some correlation in geographic area with the FMA, e.g., WPP 717 is in Sulawesi Sea/Seascape; WPP 714 is in Banda Seascape; etc.

2 Legal Basis • MMAF Regulation No. PER 01/MEN/2009

• (Presumably) responsive and subservient to underlying fisheries laws ((Amendment to Law No. 31 Year 2004 Concerning Fishery (RI Law No. 45, Year 2009, dated October 29, 2009), among others)

• In general, legal basis not yet clearly established.

• In certain cases, formal legal adoption by government of plan(s)—e.g., Provincial Decree for Papuan Bird’s Head Seascape ensures application of ecosystem-based management as a policy (at local level)

• No legal basis for management of seascapes identified at national level



No. Features WPP Seascape Comments 3 Fisheries

Management Modality and Objective

• Licensing of permitted fisheries activities

• Fines and sanctions for prohibited activities

• Objective focused mainly on improving production and efficiency of capture fisheries, includes management decision-making on: o Fishing methods o Fishing areas o Fishing vessels o Total allowable catch o Resource allocation

• Ecosystem-based management, including MPAs

• WPP designation more narrowly focused on management of fisheries, while Seascapes designation is broader, encompassing all activities that occur within the area

4 Conservation Aspects

• “Conservation” mentioned as a purpose of WPP in PER 01/MEN/2009

• Ecosystem-based management, including MPAs, is at the heart of the seascapes approach.

• WPP designation more narrowly focused on management of fisheries, while seascape designation is broader, encompassing all activities that occur within the area.

5 Institutions • MMAF • Not known • To date, no institutional responsibility for seascapes identified.

6 Critical Habitats and Ecosystems

• Not explicitly mentioned in PER 01/MEN/2009

• Underlying fisheries laws (Amendment to Law No. 31 Year 2004 Concerning Fishery [R.I. Law No 45 Year 2009, dated October 29, 2009], among others) cover this subject

• Strengthened engagement with communities, enforcement officers, and judiciary has resulted in higher conviction rates for violators and reduction in blast fishing and other damaging practices.

VI. SUGGESTED STEPS TOWARDS HARMONIZATION

30. As can be ascertained through the foregoing discussion, the WPP and the seascape system share a number of common features, but at the same time, display some important differences. There are also a number of important gaps to be filled if harmonization of the two systems is to be accomplished. In light of these considerations, the following ‘next steps’ are recommended to further advance the harmonization process:

• Adopt the identified marine ecoregions of Indonesia (as defined per Green and Mous, 2005) as the starting point for defining Indonesia seascapes;

• Coordinate with the CTI-CFF Seascape TWG in this activity; • Further refine the discussion paper;

Questions for Discussion and Clarification: Do the WPP areas and seascapes (marine ecoregions) overlap (geographically)? If not, to what extent do these areas need to be aligned, redefined, or redrawn?



• Circulate the discussion paper to key stakeholders (e.g., national, provincial, and district government agency representatives; scientific community members; NGOs, private sector; other interest groups);

• Once stakeholders have been given adequate opportunity to review the discussion paper, convene a stakeholders’ consultative workshop intended to: o Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches; o Drawing from the strengths of each approach, suggest possible strategies by

which they can be integrated, harmonized and streamlined; and o Arrive at a defined harmonization strategy and plan.

31. It is expected that through this consultative process, the further steps required to implement the harmonization process will be identified. These may include such concrete steps as: (i) biophysical surveys and mapping of seascapes and their resources; (ii) drafting of amendments to specific laws and regulations that govern fisheries management in WPP; (iii) identification and pursuit of sustainable financing options; and (iv) identification, strengthening, and/or establishment of appropriate institutional relationships for seascape management (among others). Depending on the nature of the recommended steps that will emerge from the consultative process, some or all of these may be eligible for continued support under the ADB’s CTI-SEA RETA.

Questions for Discussion and Clarification: In the context of the CTI-SEA project, what would the most useful output(s) be relating to the task of streamlining Seascapes and WPP?

Should the project team attempt to give broad guidance for harmonization (e.g., at the legal or policy level), or would it be preferable to pilot-test site-specific harmonization approaches within individual seascape/WPP areas?



REFERENCES

Asian Development Bank. 2011. Comprehensive action plans of the Sulu–Sulawesi Marine

Ecoregion: A priority seascape of the Coral Triangle Initiative. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.

Atkinson, S., N. Esters, G. Farmer, K. Lawrence, F. McGilvray. 2011. The Seascapes

Guidebook: How to Select, Develop and Implement Seascapes. Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 60.

Bailey, M. and T.J. Pitcher, eds. 2008. Ecological and Economic Analyses of The Bird’s Head

Seascape, Papua, Indonesia: II. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 16(1):186. Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) Inception Workshop (powerpoint

presentation). Bangkok, 3-5 November 2009. Bensted-Smith, R. and H. Kirkman. 2010. Comparison of Approaches to Management of Large

Marine Areas. Publ. Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK and Conservation International, Washington, 144.

Costello, Christopher, et al. 2012. Status and Solutions for the World’s Unassessed Fisheries.

Science. 26 October 2012, 517-520. FAO, 2003. Fisheries Management 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. FAO, Rome.

Gaines, Steven, and Christopher Costello 2013. Forecasting fisheries collapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci,110 no. 40:5859–15860.

Green, A., & P.J. Mous. 2005. Delineating the Coral Triangle, its ecoregions and functional

seascapes. Based on an expert workshop, held at the TNC Coral Triangle Center, Bali, Indonesia (30 April-2 May 2003) and on expert consultations held in June-August 2005. Version 3.0 (December 2005). Report from The Nature Conservancy, Coral Triangle Center, Sanur, Bali, Indonesia, 52.

Huffard, C.L., M.V. Erdmann, and T.R.P. Gunawan, eds. 2012. Geographic Priorities for Marine

Biodiversity Conservation in Indonesia. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas Governance Program. Jakarta-Indonesia.

Pikitch, Ellen K.2012. The Risks of Overfishing. Science. 26 October 2012, 338 (6106):474-475. Pomeroy, R., R. Brainard, M. Moews, A. Heenan, J. Shackeroff, and N. Armada. 2013. Coral

Triangle Regional Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) Guidelines. Publication. Honolulu, Hawaii: The USAID Coral Triangle Support Partnership.



Roberts, C.M., and J.P. Hawkins 2000. Fully protected marine reserves: A guide. WWF in Washington D.C. USA, University of York, York, UK, 131.

Spalding, M.D., H.E. Fox, G.R. Allen, N. Davidson, Z. A. Ferdaña, M. Finlayson, Halpern, B.S.,

M.A. Jorge, A. Lombana, S.A. Lourie, K.D. Martin, E. McManus, J. Molnar, C. A. Recchia, and J. Robertson. 2007. Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. Bioscience, 57 (7):573–583.

WWF. 2004. Conservation Plan for the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion.


APPENDIX 5:

Draft Report of Accelerated

Climate Change Adaptation

Planning in Arakan Village,

Indonesia

MMM

APPENDIX 5: DRAFT REPORT OF ACCELERATED CCA IN ARAKAN VILLAGE, INDONESIA Page 1

ACCELERATED CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLANNING: DRAFT REPORT Arakan Village, Tatapaan Subdistrict, South Minahasa

A. Introduction 1. Policy makers and civil society in Indonesia face a defining challenge in addressing the anticipated impacts of climate change. The length and timing of seasons are changing; the frequency and severity of floods and cyclones, along with the sea level rise, are increasing. Given this scenario, it is critical to assess the vulnerability of coastal and marine resources to the impacts of climate change. 2. Two principal methods are available to cope with climate change impacts, viz., adaptation and mitigation. Adaptation aims to reduce climate vulnerability and increase the resiliency of communities to climate change, while mitigation aims to reduce the rate at which climate change occurs. 3. Vulnerability is generally defined as the degree to which a system is susceptible and unable to cope with adverse effects of climate change, including climate extremes. Vulnerability is dynamic and always changing along with the human condition and the immediate environment. 4. Vulnerability is a function of character, magnitude, change in climate, sensitivity, rate of exposure, and adaptive capacity. Exposure refers to the probability or likelihood that a given location (including the natural ecosystem, human settlements, infrastructure, and all other natural and man-made elements that are found there) will be affected by natural or human-induced hazards. Sensitivity refers to the level of expected injury or damage that may be experienced due to the exposure to the climate hazards. Adaptive capacity refers to the ability of human or natural communities to act and respond in ways that would reduce some aspect of the impact so that the loss is less than it would otherwise be and to exploit beneficial effects, if any. 5. One of the regional subprojects of RETA 7813 addresses the impacts of climate change on coastal and marine ecosystems and marine resources. The aim of this subproject is to educate national and local government planners and decision makers, as well as the community, about the climate change phenomenon and the achievable measures to adapt to climate change impacts and risks. B. Project Location 6. The subproject will be in Arakan village, one of 11 villages in Tatapaan subdistrict, south Minahasa. The other 10 villages are: Paslaten, Paslaten I, Sulu, Wawona, Bajo, Popareng, Wawontulap, Pungkol, Sondaken, and Raprap. Of these villages, seven are located along the coast (Bajo, Popareng, Wawontulap, Pungkol, Sondaken, Raprap, and Arakan. Raprap and Arakan have large populations compared to the other villages. 7. The mangrove, coral reef, and seagrass ecosystems in Arakan are highly degraded compared to Raprap. Thus, Arakan is more vulnerable to storm surges, strong winds, and waves (Fig. 1). This village experiences stormy weather (heavy wind and rainfall) every two to three years, but the worst happened in 2012 when 52 houses were destroyed. The topography of the land shows that the distance between the coastal and mountain area is



narrow, making landslides and abrasion common in the area. About 50 m of the coast is eroded in a span of three years.

Figure 1: Photo of the Degraded Coast of Arakan 8. Arakan village, Tatapaan, South Minahasa district has 334 households and a population of 1,185. Unfortunately, the socioeconomic condition of the village is poor (Fig. 2) as about 95% of the villagers are fishers, and 5% are seaweed farmers who cultivate Eucheuma cottonii (Fig. 3). The village has produced about 540 tons of seaweed. Arakan is also included under one of the Minapolitan programs of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Besides seaweed production, the fishers catch Caranx, siganids, and sea cucumber. District legislation (SK Bupati) has determined that 46,000 ha of Tatapaan will be included in the conservation area of Bunaken II (south of Bunaken).

Figure 2: Poverty is so evident in the area, with the makeshift houses and unclean surroundings



Figure 3: In Arakan, fish is the main diet of the community (left). The dried seaweeds are hung in bamboo posts in a mangrove-cleared area (right).

9. In Arakan, it is difficult to get clean water, and only 1% of the community is aware of climate change. The settlements have also encroached on the mangrove wetlands, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Mangrove Stumps Left from Cutting of Mangroves

C. Objectives and Methods 10. The objectives of climate change adaptation (CCA) activities in Arakan are to conduct participatory vulnerability assessment (VA),1 and early action adaptation planning. Using the USAID Local Early Action Plan (LEAP) methodology as a guide, the following activities were carried out: (i) VA in Arakan Village, Tatapaan, South Minahasa District) using the participatory approach: (a) community mapping; (b) discussion on the past climate condition timeline of weather related events, current and future; (c) ientification of ecological and social target

1 The intent of the TA in the SSME is to have a regional agreement on the use of a common VA framework. Results of regional or national VAs will be used either as background information or as basis for national actions in the refinement of VA assessment at the local scale, incorporation of detailed socioeconomic indicators, and formulation of adaptation measures by the local government and community.



resources; and (d) climate story; and (ii) early action adaptation planning. The first activity was intended to help the community understand climate change and its effects on their lives and livelihoods as a critical first step in taking local early action to address climate impacts. The aim is to draw upon their traditional and local knowledge as well as the latest scientific knowledge to understand climate impacts and identify local early actions for adaptation. 11. Based on the VA results, an adaptation assessment and planning was done. Adaptation options will be presented to the community to further discuss what early actions the community wants to reduce their vulnerability and increase resilience to climate change impacts. D. Results 12. The LEAP method uses templates to assist in the early action planning. The team exerted their best efforts to fill up all the required information. However, due to limited time, details will have to be provided by the next level VA, including the future climate change scenarios. The results are presented in the worksheets in Annex 1. 13. Overall, the high vulnerability of the village was highlighted, whether it was about the natural resources or socioeconomic conditions of the community. Several adaptation options were suggested and discussed. These were listed in Worksheets 1.1 and in Worksheets 4.1– 4.3. 14. Arakan village is vulnerable to climate change due to its exposure, high intensity, and low adaptive capacity of the people. The area is rich in various types of biophysical resources, since it supports Bunaken National Park. However, the area is exposed to erratic rainfall patterns, rising air and sea temperature, and sea level rise. The consequential effects of these extreme events have been floods, drought, storm surges, and coastal abrasion. The problem is also aggravated by non-climate threats such as decreasing family income, limited understanding of community members about climate change, ineffective coping mechanism against hazards, difficulties in waste management and sanitary system, and inadequate early warning system. 15. In response to these hazards, communities normally received aid from local institutions such as the social agency, civil works agency, and other government committees. Still, the support received has not been sufficient to address climate change impacts. 16. Stakeholders also realized that institutional strengthening is needed as well as effective coordination between community members and different organizations. This will enable villagers to find better ways to adapt. It is also critical for community members to develop their own adaptation plan and prepare them for possible institutional support.



Annex 1

WORKSHEET 1-1: ADAPTATION PLANNING

Plans as Suggested by the Community

Opportunities for Integrating Climate Adaptation

Potential Team Members and Roles (Core Team is the Head of Village + 9

Members of the Community) Community Development (drinking water wells, roads, fishing infrastructure, energy development) Biogas installation One reason why mangroves are cut is that

they are used for firewood, since LPG is expensive. Finding an inexpensive fuel alternative will help the villagers economically and at the same time protect the remaining mangroves and support the planned reforestation. In a way, this is a potential adaptation to make the community and the ecosystem resilient.

Gajah Mada University (UGM)

Natural Resource Management (water quality and quantity, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, coastal and fisheries resources) Mangrove replanting Suitable varieties and area have to be

determined Community and District Forestry Agency, Bunaken National Park

Coastal protection by planting bamboo

Initial reaction from the head of village indicates that this is not acceptable. The reason will be explored during the community discussion.

Community and District Forestry Agency, Bunaken National Park

Planting/replanting in terrestrial areas such as “Munggur” (3 years to grow)

• For wind protection, leaves for goat feed • Seed replacement for soya along the road

Community and District Forestry Agency, Bunaken National Park

Disaster Management (hazard detection, early warning, disaster response and recovery, contingency plan) Contingency plan • National level plan exists

• Provincial level plan does not exist Community and District Agency for Disaster Management (BPBD)

Early warning system • Coast Guard – local • BKMG

Community, Marine Indonesian Army (TNI-AL), and District Agency for Disaster Management (BPBD)

Improving the health system

Health center with stay-in doctor or at least a nurse who can stay in the area. Currently, patients are brought to Amurang or Manado for emergency cases. These places are more than two hours travel by land during good weather with bad road conditions.

Community and District Health Agency



WORKSHEET 1-2: COMMUNITY BACKGROUND INFORMATION

DESCRIPTION Location Arakan Village, Tatapaan South Minahasa, width of area is 108.19 km2 Population 330 households, average of 4 persons per household Economic activities Fishing and subsistence farming, traditional fisheries, and farming Natural, physical, cultural, historical assets and resources

Village office, mosque, water spring. Water distribution system

Main stakeholder groups in the community

Women's and youth groups

The authority in decision making in the community

Badan Permusyaratan Desa (BPD) / Board of Village Consultative No. of persons (for decision making, including the head) Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM )/ Group of Community Development - implementation (LPM) and Head of the Village

The social group that is currently active and its purposes

Kelompok Program Kesehjateraan Keluarga (PKK ) (Women's group) with budget from district (cooking demo, nutrition, livelihood) and KarangTaruna (Youth Group)

The main strengths of the community

Cooperative

Climate change risks Increasing sea temperature, changes in rainfall patterns and intensity, changes in seasons, sea level rise, increased incidents of extreme events (flood, cyclone (wind) and drought)

Natural resource that is well managed

Natural seagrass, unmanaged

Social infrastructure that is well managed

School, mosque, village hall

Key resource problems/ vulnerabilities (natural resource)

Mangrove depletion, coral bleaching, coastal erosion, flooding risks from sea level rise and storm surges

Key social problems/ vulnerabilities

Decrease of income because of the difficulty in catching fish and farming so they need alternative livelihood. Diseases have also been increasing, but the health system is not well-equipped to respond to pressing public health issues. Also, it takes a longer time to recover from disaster – more than one year.

Community initiatives underway

Plan for sanitary system

Community’s future vision and goals (community priority development)

Replanting of mangroves and terrestrial trees, biogas, health system improvement



WORKSHEET 1-3: CHECKLIST, ADAPTATION TEAM MEMBERS

Team members of the CCA planning community

Name Age Occupation Education 1. Mochtar Ottay 40 Head of village Diploma (D3) 2. Movrie Mamesah 50 Business Undergrate (S1) 3. Kaharudin Lahma 44 Farmer High school (SMA) 4. Ismail Suampow 54 Fisherman High school (SMA) 5. Khadijah

Makauntung 51 Housewife High school (SMA)

6. Dirja Tamengge 45 Fisherman Middle school (SMP) 7. Hasria Sarjanto 36 KPI High school (SMA) 8. Nurpa Darise 40 Head of woman

organization (PKK)

High school (SMA)

9. Astuti Darise 37 Housewife Elementary school (SD) 10. NurainWongkar 43 Housewife Elementary school (SD)

1. District Fishery Agency 2. District Forestry Agency 3. Bunaken National Park 4. District Disaster Management 5. District Health Agency

Local government agencies

Community priority developments

1. Mangrove replanting and terrestrial plant replanting 2. Biogas implementation 3. Improvement of health system 4. Early warning system

Geographic boundary of the planning area

Tatapaan subdistrict North: Tombairi District South: Amurang Bay East: Tumpaan District West: Sulawesi Sea

Previous and existing plans

1. Production road for fishermen (jalanproduksinelayan) 700M, Minapolitan project, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, conduct by PU CiptaKarya, 2009

2. Community Halls, 1 unit, Program PNPM-MP, 2010 3. Drainage, 500M, Program PNPM-MP, 2011 4. Drainage, 500M, Social Harmony Program (Program KeserasianSosial),

Social Ministry, 2011 5. Water Installation 6KM, Balai Wilayah Sungai Sulawesi 1, 2012 6. Rumahlayakhuni (appropriate house for living), Social Ministry, 2013 -

disaster rehabilitation 7. Water break, 150M, Balai Wilayah Sungai Sulawesi 1, bagianIrigasidan

Pantai,2013 8. Sanitary 8 unit, PU, 2013

The awareness of the community leader

The head of village understands and is aware of the climate change. Recently, the communities have difficulty catching the fish and do farming. Since year 2000 they have an experienced heavy flood and cyclone, more frequently than before.

Local leaders, experts and partners to support the planning

Head of the village (Mochtar Ottay) and Environmental activist from the community (Movrie Mamesah), Head of the women’s group (NurpaDarise)

List of stakeholders who will be engaged in the planning process

1. District Fishery Agency 2. District Forestry Agency 3. Bunaken National Park 4. District Disaster Management



5. District Health Agency 6. Communities - Core

Readiness of community to engage in the planning process

Communities are ready and eager to engage in the planning process.

Engagement of the agency that will adopt the final plan

South Minahasa government: Initial conversation with the District Head has been conducted and they have pledged support for the adaptation planning.

The existing information about the area has been compiled

• Fasilitasi Penyusunan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisirdan Pulau Kecil, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (Facilitation of Zonation plan of Coastal Area and Small Islands at South Minahasa District)

• Master Plan of Minapolitan area of Tatapaan Sub-District Target date for finishing the planning process

September 2014

Sufficient time and financial resources

Sufficient time and financial resources



WORKSHEET 2-1: SEASONAL CALENDAR

Seasonal Calendar: Normal year in top row; seasonal changes in recent years in bottom row JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

NORMAL YEAR

SUN RAIN FISH FARM SWD

SUN RAIN FISH FARM SWD

SUN RAIN FISH SWD

SUN RAIN FISH SWD

RAIN FISH FARM SWD

SUN FISH SWD

SUN FISH SWD

SUN CLD FISH FARM SWD

RAIN FARM

RAIN FARM

RAIN FARM CYCLN

RAIN FARM CYCLN

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC OBSERVED CHANGE

Observed heavy rain

Normal rainy period

Note: SUN = Sunny, RAIN= Rainy, FISH= Fishing, FARM=Farming, SWD= Seaweed Aquaculture, CLD=Cloud, CYCLN=Cyclone Summary of seasonal changes in recent years, along with ecological and social changes (From discussion) The seasonal weather has changed through the years, such as warming air and sea water temperature, rainy seasons becoming unpredictable, rising sea level water, frequent occurrence of flood, high tide and swell, and cyclones. The seasonal changes in weather affect the community's socioeconomic conditions. For example, fishers have increased difficulty in catching fish and farmers face difficulties in farming. As a result, family income has decreased, and there is less cash to buy food and other basic needs.



WORKSHEET 2-2: INDICATORS OF A CHANGING CLIMATE

Climate Threats Impacts Indicator Magnitude and direction of

change over time based on community knowledge and latest climate science

Changes in environmental conditions

Potential impacts on ecological and social resources

Air temperature Increased Less water available for farming

Low yield

Sea surface temperature

Increased Degraded water quality • Aquaculture, especially seaweed production decreased.

• Coral bleaching Sea level Increased Abrasion / erosion Damage to

infrastructure Rainfall patterns Increase in the number of

rainfall but difficult to predict the rainy season

Turbidity increased, land leaching

Coral covering but sediment

Ocean pH Increased Coral bleaching Coral bleaching Ocean circulation

Increased Stronger waves Coastal abrasion/erosion

Tropical cyclones

In the past, cyclones occurred in the ocean area, but recently cyclones have also occurred in the terrestrial area.

Coastal, terrestrial, and mangrove areas

• Damages to properties

• Health impacts



WORKSHEET 2-3: ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL TARGET RESOURCES

Priority Target Resource

Resource Dependency

Resource Condition

Resources Linkages

Potential Climate Impacts to target

Resources List ecological and social targets

What is the importance of this resource to the community (high, medium, or low)

What is the condition of this resource, is it getting better, worse, or staying the same?

How does the condition of this resource affect other ecological and social target resources?

What are the potential impacts of climate change to target resources?

Ecological Targets

1. Mangrove • Highly dependent

• Breeding ground for fish

• Abrasion protection

• Produce O2 and absorb CO2

Getting worse • Difficult to catch the fish (the quantity has decreased)

• Fish size has been getting smaller

• Increased incidence of high tide, swelling

• Increase of abrasion

• Poor water quality / increase in water turbidity

• Increase in sedimentation

• Sea water temperature increase before was 29oC; now it

• Seawater intrusion

• Increase ins seawater temperature

• Increased unpredictability of weather and climate

• Difficulty to catch fish

• Difficulty in farming

• Decreased in aquaculture production



is above 31 0C • High tide

2. Sea grass • Highly dependent

• Serves as breeding ground for fish

• Wave reduction • Produce O2 and

absorb CO2

Slightly worse

3. Corals • Highly dependent

• Serves as breeding ground for fish

• Wave reduction • Produce O2 and

absorb CO2

Getting worse

Social Targets 4. Economy Highly dependent

on fisheries and farming

Getting worse Natural and social resource conditions greatly affect the economy of the community

Decrease in family income

5. Health More people are sick

More people sick, getting worse

Many diseases arise when heavy rains and floods occur

6. Infrastructure Highly dependent, main road damaged

Getting worse Schooling is interrupted due to frequent flooding

7. Clean water Highly dependent Getting worse Decrease in water quality



WORKSHEET 2-4: SUMMARY OF PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE

YEAR EVENT 1980 1981-1982 1982

High fish production (easy to catch fish) At Kuala Batu, the population of mangrove was still dense and the water springs had abundant water. Drought (around 7 months) resulted in crop failure.

1989 Coastal abrasion 1990 Arakan is the biggest producer of seaweed in North Sulawesi. The suitable

condition is 29-30oC. 1997 It was easy to catch fish and to do fish barter. 2000 2003-2013

• Difficult to catch fish, the number of fish caught has decreased • Increasing sea water level • Declining number of coral reefs; less dense • Coastal abrasion • Increase in flooding • Massive coastal development projects in Manado cause changes in the coastal

landscape • Development of coastal protection measures

2010 2012, July 2013, January 2014

• Housewives began to participate in generating income for the family • Small tornado, 52 houses damaged • High tide and flooding (1 house destroyed) • Data on sea water quality were collected monthly (chemical and physical data)

c/o the National Park • Heavy flooding (there was an area that has never been flooded yet in 2014, flood

reached this area), main road was destroyed due to floods • Spring in Kuala Batu dried up • There is no health center in Arakan, only in Rap Rap. • The infrastructure is inadequate. • Water quality monitoring, plan to do presentation of water quality monitoring.

Data on water quality monitoring were collected every 2 months. FUTURE: Uncertain for village people



WORKSHEET 2-5: CLIMATE STORY TEMPLATE

INDICATORS OF CHANGING CLIMATE Climate threat Impacts

Indicator Magnitude and direction of change over time based on community knowledge and latest climate science

Changes in environmental conditions

Potential impacts to ecological and social resources

Air temperature

Increased

Farming area Farming area

Sea surface temperature

Increased Aquaculture production, especially seaweed, decreased; coral bleaching

Coral bleaching

Sea level Increased Abrasion Damage to infrastructure

Rainfall patterns

Increase in the number of rainfall but difficult to predict the rainy season

Turbidity increased, land leaching

Coral covering but sediment

Ocean pH Increased Coral bleaching Coral bleaching Ocean circulation Increased Coastal abrasion Coastal abrasion Tropical cyclones

In the past, cyclones occurred in the ocean area, but recently, the cyclones also occurred in the terrestrial area.

Coastal, terrestrial and mangrove area

Coastal and terrestrial area

OBSERVATIONS OF PAST AND PRESENT IMPACTS: Based on historical trends, the most frequent climate events are high tide, flood, and coastal erosion. The last two have made the biggest impact in the community, especially in the coastal area. The community has also observed changes in the seasons, and they are now having difficulty in predicting when they should farm and fish which has a major effect in the decrease of their income. FUTURE: Based on the community’s past experience and the current situation, which of the projected climate threats and impacts most concern to the community and why? In the future, the biggest concern for the community is the decrease in their income due to the difficulty in catching fish and in farming. The coastal abrasion in this area is increasing every year, and solid waste management is a



growing problem.

WORKSHEET 3-1: TARGET RESOURCE CONDITIONS AND TRENDS

TARGET RESOURCE: Mangroves Current Condition: Degraded Trend: Continuous depletion

Condition and Trend Rating

Replanting to reverse depletion List non-climate threats and root causes • Economic - mangrove being cut for fuel. • Goats eat mangrove leaves. • Young mangroves do not survive.

TARGET RESOURCE: Seagrasses Current condition: Poor Trend: Possible disappearance


List non-climate threats and root causes Improper waste disposal in the coastal area

TARGET RESOURCE: Corals Current Condition: Trend:


List non-climate threats and root causes Improper waste disposal in the coastal area

Target Socioeconomic resources: Economy, health, settlements/infrastructure, clean water

Highly dependent on fisheries and farming. Any decrease in the ability to earn income for food and other basic needs affects the whole family. Extreme weather events, particularly floods, affect them seriously and more frequently now.

SUMMARY: As stated elsewhere, the community considered social and economic resources as more important than the natural resources.



WORKSHEET 3-2: EXPOSURE OF TARGET RESOURCE TO CLIMATE THREATS

EXPOSURE TARGET RESOURCES: Mangroves, corals, seagrasses, and fish Which climate threats have come into contact with this resource or will in the future, based on climate projections? Increasing water temperature, storms, big waves, and heavy rain Are these threats increasing or decreasing? Increasing In the future, will these resources come into contact with these threats rarely, sometimes, or frequently? Specify which threats: Corals - increase water temperature Mangroves - saltwater intrusion Seagrass - increased water temperature, big waves Rate the exposure of the target resource to climate threats as low, medium, or high Corals - Mangroves - Seagrass - Social targets -

RATING High Medium High Very high

SUMMARY: The threat on the natural resources is just a secondary concern. The primary concern is the low fish catch and therefore, low income. (Note: This is a real concern and the connections between the physical and economic vulnerability has to be explained well.)



WORKSHEET 3-3: SENSITIVITY OF TARGET RESOURCE TO CLIMATE THREATS

SENSITIVITY TARGET RESOURCE: Mangrove What is the current condition of the target resource: Degraded What man-made (non-climate) threats are impacting the target resource? How severe are those threats? Need for firewood; clearing for other activities such as settlements and boat docks; goats How severely was this target resource impacted by past climate events? Medium How will future climate threats affect the condition of the target resource? Inundation due to rising sea level, coastal erosion due to high waves and intrusion of salt water, plus human factors. Rate the sensitivity of the target resource to the climate threats as low, medium or high – Medium Human factors – High

RATING

High

TARGET RESOURCE: Sea grasses What is the current condition of the target resource: Degraded What man-made (non-climate) threats are impacting the target resource? How severe are those threats? Degraded water quality, Improper waste disposal How severely was this target resource impacted by past climate events? Medium How will future climate threats affect the condition of the target resource? Rate the sensitivity of the target resource to the climate threats as low, medium or high – Medium Human factors – High

RATING High

TARGET RESOURCE: Sea grasses What is the current condition of the target resource: Degraded What man-made (non-climate) threats are impacting the target resource? How severe are those threats? Degraded water quality, Improper waste disposal How severely was this target resource impacted by past climate events? Medium How will future climate threats affect the condition of the target resource? Rate the sensitivity of the target resource to the climate threats as low, medium or high – Medium Human factors – High

RATING High

SUMMARY



WORKSHEET 3-4: POTENTIAL IMPACT RATING

POTENTIAL IMPACT (Exposure + Sensitivity) TARGET RESOURCE: Mangrove Rate the potential impact to the target resource based on the exposure and sensitivity as low, medium, or high

RATING High

TARGET RESOURCE: Seagrasses Rate the potential impact to the target resource based on the exposure and sensitivity as low, medium, or high

RATING High

TARGET RESOURCE: Corals Rate the potential impact to the target resource based on the exposure and sensitivity as low, medium, or high

RATING High

TARGET RESOURCE: Fishes Rate the potential impact to the target resource based on the exposure and sensitivity as low, medium, or high

RATING High

SUMMARY

WORKSHEET 3-5: ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE IMPACTS

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TARGET RESOURCE What is the adaptive capacity of the natural environment to withstand climate impacts? Have you observed recovery or resilience to past hazard in this resource? What actions have been/are being taken to prepare for or cope with potential impacts to this resource? Are there existing systems in place that could reduce potential impacts of climate change? What it the adaptive capacity of the community to withstand climate impacts? How has the community been able to with stand other types of hazards or challenges? High, both physically and socio-economically What is the adaptive capacity or institutions to support climate adaptation? Are national or local governments and organizations supporting planned adaptation The national and district level government agencies are ready to provide monetary and technical assistance, provided a clear proposal is written and forwarded to them of what initiatives/interventions desired by the community Rate the adaptive capacity of the target resource and the community to climate impacts as low, medium, or high

RATING Low, particularly on the protection of natural resource Low, understanding of the connection between the physical vulnerability of natural resources and the socio-economic aspects

SUMMARY



WORKSHEET 3-6: VULNERABILITY RATING

VULNERABILITY(Potential Impact + Adaptive Capacity) TARGET RESOURCE Rate the vulnerability of target resource based on the potential impact and the adaptive capacity as low, medium or high

RATING High vulnerability

SUMMARY VULNERABILITY STATEMENT: The village is highly exposed to coastal hazards because of the lack of coastal vegetation. Settlements have encroached on mangrove areas, and domestic animals (goats) are a threat to natural growing mangroves. The residents are limited to subsistence farming and fishing and if the harvest is low, there are no available alternative livelihoods in the area. Health services are poor and inadequate, and roads and the lone port are in bad condition. In recent years, extreme rainfall and storm events have occurred more frequently. Flooding has been the most frequent hazard threatening the village, and due to lack of proper drainage, it takes weeks to for floodwaters to recede. This also poses high public health risks such as the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. Improper waste disposal and goats’ excreta are also added threats.

WORKSHEET 4-1: ADAPTATION OPTIONS

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN PRIORITIZING ADAPTATION OPTIONS Adaptation

Options Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Feasibility

To what extent does the action address non-climate threats and root causes?

To what extent does the action reduce vulnerability? (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity)

To what extent does the action achieve multiple (social, ecological, and economic) benefits?

Are there any potential negative unintended consequences of the action?

To what extent is the action feasible?

What is the capacity to implement the action?

Biogas digester (pilot)

To provide alternative, inexpensive fuel for cooking; it can also address garbage disposal problems and goat excreta

Can relieve pressure on mangrove cutting for fuel

Switching from what has been the practice to new technology such as biogas digester requires social preparation.

Medium Training the core team is necessary and should be part of the adaptation pilot implementation.

Mangrove replanting

Will supplement the natural regrowth of remaining mangroves.

Healthy mangroves prevent coastal erosion and help in deposition of soil material in the coastal areas. They can also serve as buffer against strong winds and waves.

Healthy mangroves can be spawning grounds of fish and other shell fish, which can be sources of food and extra income.

None, provided the right variety/ species are planted

High Planting is easy; maintenance needs some attention.

Planting of other trees in the

Will supply food for the goats



FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN PRIORITIZING ADAPTATION OPTIONS Adaptation

Options Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Feasibility

terrestrial area

WORKSHEET 4-2: PRIORITY ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Priority Adaptation Actions and Implementation Schedule

Target Resource Priority Adaptation

Action

Time frame Lead and Partners

Resources or Support Needed

Mangrove Replanting To be discussed (TBD)

Community, Bunnake National Park District forest agency

Seeds, monetary support

Biogas digesters Installation TBD TIA/ Gajah Mada University (UGM)

Technical and social preparation

Other trees Replanting TBD Community District Forestry

Seedling, monetary support

Contingency plan Improvement Coast Guard - local BPBD (Disaster Management)

Technical support

Early warning system

Improvement Coast Guard - local BKMG

Improved health system

Improvement Community and District Health Agency

Staff complement at the Raprap health center

WORKSHEET 4-3: LOCAL EARLY ACTION PLAN OUTLINE

(All of the above worksheets compiled)

1. Community Background (output of Step One) 2. Climate Story 3. Vulnerability Assessment 4. Priority Adaptation Actions and Implementation Schedule

Priority Adaptation Actions and Implementation Schedule Target Resource

Priority Action

Time frame Lead and Partners

Resources or Support Needed

5. Monitoring and Evaluation Approach Appendices: Vulnerability Assessment Matrix by Target Resource Adaptation Options Matrix by Target Resource


APPENDIX 6:

Planning Workshop Report,

Malaysia

MMM

APPENDIX 6: PLANNING WORKSHOP REPORT, MALAYSIA Page 1

PLANNING WORKSHOP REPORT Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 4 February 2014

A. Introduction 1. After the National Coordinating Committee (NCC) of Malaysia and the Sabah Coordinating Committee (SCC) approved both the national and regional CTI subprojects selected for implementation under RETA 7813, it was deemed beneficial that a Planning Workshop be conducted. The objectives of the workshop were to: (i) update relevant stakeholders on the changes in the scope, site, and implementation of the subprojects under the RETA; (ii) do a mapping of current activities of government and non-governmental partners in coastal and marine resources management to enable effective use of funds, complementation of activities, and establishment of partnerships to achieve common targets; (iii) plan for activities for each subproject under the RETA, taking into consideration the experiences of past and ongoing projects; and (iv) prepare the annual work plan for each subproject under the Malaysia component of the RETA.

2. A team of specialists from the Regional Project Management Office (RPMO) joined the Deputy Team Leader (Malaysia) to organize and lead the workshop discussions. They introduced the RETA subprojects and activities under the Malaysia component, identified activities and type of information required to prepare the work plan for the subprojects, and explained how the participants could contribute to the preparation of the work plan for the RETA’s regional subprojects as well as the national subprojects. The workshop generated strong interest among the participants, both from the government agencies as well as private sector, who participated actively in the preparation of the work plan for all the identified subprojects. A copy of the workshop agenda is in Annex 1. 3. The workshop was well-attended, with around 43 participants from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Marine Park Malaysia (NRE), Department of Fisheries Sabah (DOFS), Sabah Parks Board, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Environmental Protection Department (EPD), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), representatives from local communities of Kota Marudu, and consultants from Reefcheck Malaysia and the RETA. The list of workshop participants is in Annex 2. Prof. Dato Nor Aieni Hj Mokhtar welcomed the participants (Annex 3), while Datuk Hj. Ujang Sulani delivered the opening speech (Annex 4). B. Workshop Highlights 4. Session 1: Introduction. The Team Leader presented a general background of the regional and national subprojects, highlighting the status of, and actions to be taken, of each of the subprojects from 2014–2016. Comments and queries focused on the following: (i) availability of training manuals for capacity building on the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) and marine protected areas (MPAs) and who can be included in the capacity building/training; (ii) sources and availability of data and information needed for the subprojects; and (iii) collaboration with other partners in project implementation. Marine Parks Malaysia shared their ongoing collaborative work on population genetics of groupers with Sabah Parks and University Utara Malaysia (Terengganu) and the relevant workshops and training that will be conducted. WWF-Malaysia also shared the findings of their study, which showed that there has been a shift in the market with the influx of hybrid groupers from China and Hong Kong. The discussions during the open forum are summarized in Annex 5.



5. Datuk Hj. Ujang Sulani, of the Malaysia CTI NCC highlighted the long history of collaboration among Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia in the Large Marine Ecoregion (LME) in the sustainable use of marine resources. He stated that the CTI-CFF is in line with the policies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. He reiterated that in order to advance and achieve the expected output of the RETA, the stakeholders need to coordinate efforts in the SSME Priority Seascape. He emphasized that coordination leads to efficiency and synergy in implementation, and he encouraged the stakeholders to work closely with the national and regional experts so that the expected outputs of each of the subprojects are achieved at the end of the RETA. 6. The workshop then proceeded for breakout into groups: Group 1: VA and CCA and Alternative Livelihoods; Group 2: IUU and EAFM; Group 3: NMPA (regional) and MPA capacity building (national); and Group 4: Marine Profiling and ICZM. Survey forms on stock-taking and mapping of past and current activities or projects undertaken by various agencies or stakeholders that contribute to Goals 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 of the RPOA/NPOA (that are relevant or similar to the activities of the subproject distributed to participants a week in advance to fill-in) were used in the group discussions. The four groups were able to complete the work plan within the allocated time. 7. Each of the four groups presented the results of their group discussions highlighting the activities and work plan for each of the subprojects. Group 1 presented the activities and work plan for the subprojects on VA, CCA, and development of alternative livelihood, focusing initially on a review of the existing study and rapid assessment of climate change impacts at the site (see Annex 6). Group 2 presented the activities and work plan for the subprojects on EAFM and MCS, outlining past and current related studies and highlighting issues and concerns especially on EAFM subprojects (see Annex 7). Group 3 presented the activities and work plan for the subproject on MPA, prioritizing training as the main activity (see Annex 8). Group 4 presented the activities and work plan for the subprojects on Marine Profiling and ICZM, prioritizing initial impact assessment and data collection as their initial activities (see Annex 9). 8. Knowledge management (KM). The KM Specialist presented the CTI Project Mapping Tool and its useful application to the RETA. She highlighted that the Mapping Tool is beneficial in setting up priorities and strategic planning and avoiding conflicts and duplication of activities, in addition to maximizing efforts and resources. However, she admitted that the first version of the Mapping Tool was too ambitious, with complex database and web-UI design aside from requiring expensive hardware and software. Version 2 is more user-friendly and designed to be more responsive to needs of NCCs. C. Recommendations 9. The Malaysia Project Management Unit (MAL-PMU) will prepare the Planning Workshop Report for distribution to all relevant institutions, individual participants, and other concerned stakeholders who missed to attend the workshop. D. Next Steps 10. The following next steps have been proposed:

• EAFM: (i) Proceed with the selection of the subcontractor or outsourcing of the activities on genetic studies (such as Population Genetics Structure of Plectropomus



leopardus) including the preparation of terms of reference (TOR); and (ii) conduct consultation meeting/s with the private sector in Semporna and Tawau;

• Alternative livelihood: Conduct a feasibility study on the proposed activities to revalidate if what has been proposed is viable and beneficial to the communities in the three districts;

• ICZM and marine profiling subprojects: (i) Obtain official documents from NCC or SCC approving the two subprojects; and (ii) prepare the TOR and capsule proposal for these subprojects;

• Three regional subprojects: Obtain official documents of approval from the NCC and SCC so that the TOR and capsule proposal can be prepared; and

• Mapping tools: Identify who should be the source of data to be included in the database as each country has its own system of handling data.



Annex 1

PLANNING WORKSHOP AGENDA TIME TOPIC RESOURCE PERSON 0700–0745 Registration PMU-CTI-Sabah SESSION 1: OPENING CEREMONIES- LAUNCHING 0800–0810 Welcome Remarks Prof. Dato’ Dr. Nor Aieni 0810–0820 Message from the Malaysia National

Coordination Committee, Coral Triangle Initiative

Datuk Hj. Ujang Sulani

0820–08:30 Introduction of workshop objectives, agenda, and organization of workshop

Datuk Dr. Beatrice Beth Baikan, Deputy Team Leader

0830–0845 Introduction of Participants 0845–0900 Group Photo and Coffee Break (Photographer – UMS/CTI- Sabah) SESSION 2: OVERVIEW AND UPDATES ON RETA 7813 AND SUBPROJECTS 0900–0940 Overview of the Sub-projects: objectives;

scope of activities, goals, and expected outputs and report on the recent SCC Meeting and decision and, NCC Meeting

Mr. Guillermo Morales, Team Leader, RETA 7813

SESSION 3: PANEL DISCUSSION ON SUBPROJECTS PANELISTS 0940–1030 Regional subprojects:

• Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation to Climate Change

• Addressing Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing

• Establishing a Network of Marine Protected Areas

Regional and National Consultants: Mr. Guillermo Morales Dr. Rosa Perez Mr. James Berdach Capt. Wan Fatah Dr. Annadel S. Cabanban Prof. Dr. Ridzwan Abdul Rahman Datuk Beatrice Beth Baikan

National subprojects: • Capacity-building for EAFM • MPA Management National subprojects: • Marine profiling • Application of Integrated Coastal Zone

Management in Marudu Bay, Sabah • Developing alternative livelihoods

1030–1130 OPEN FORUM SESSION 3: BREAKOUT GROUP WORKSHOP: SESSION 1 1130–1300 Group 1: VA and CCA and Alternative

Livelihoods (2) Facilitator: Dr. Rosa Perez Dr. James Alin & Daniel Doughty

Group 2: IUU and EAFM Dr. Annadel Group 3: nMPA (regional) and MPA capacity building (national)

Mr. James Berdach

Group 4: Marine Profiling and ICZM Prof. Ridzwan 1300–1400 LUNCH BREAK 1400–1515 Continue Breakout Group Workshop: Session

2

1515–1530 COFFEE BREAK 1530–1630 Presentation of workplans for regional and

national subprojects at Plenary

1630–1700 Presentation of Mapping Tools Lourdes Margarita Caballero 1700–1715 Next Steps and Closing Mr. Guillermo Morales

Masters of Ceremony: Len Garces / Rose Illyana



Annex 2

LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

A. Malaysia National Coordinating Committee

1. Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni Hj Mokhtar NCC Secretariat 2. Chitdrakantan Subramaniam CTI-NCC Secretary

B. Sabah Coordinating Committee

3. Datuk Ujang Solani SCC Chairman

C. Implementing Partner Agencies/Others

4. Datuk Rayner Datuk Stuel Galid Fisheries Department Sabah (DoFS) 5. Mr. Godfrey Kissey DoFS 6. Dr. Hajjah Norasma Dacho DoFS 7. Dr. Maklarin Lakin Sabah Parks 8. Mr. Fazrullah Rizally Sabah Parks 9. Mr. Augustine Binson Sabah Parks 10. Mr. Norhaslam Adin Sabah Parks 11. Ivy Edward Sabah Parks 12. Datin Hajjah Shahimah Ab. Hamid Marine Park Malaysia 13. Nurfaeziane Nordin Environmental Protection Dept 14. Carol Phua WWF Malaysia. 15. Ms. Robecca Jumin WWF Malaysia 16. Mr. Gavin Jolis WWF Malaysia 17. Julian Hyde Reefcheck Malaysia 18. Nadhirah Rifai Reefcheck Malaysia 19. Nattelee Lim Reefcheck Malaysia

D. Community Representatives

20. En. Hamdan Hj. Sarudin Kota Marudu District 21. Mr. Marup Madarin JKKK Kg. Teritipan 22. Rashad Osman Village Head 23. Affendy Rasit JKKK Kg.Tg. Batu

E. CTI Sabah/ University

24. Dr. Connie Fay Komilus Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 25. Dr. Ejriah Salleh CTI-Sabah Coordinator University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) 26. Dr. James Alin UMS 27. Yusdi Ismail UMS 28. Jenny Jane CTI Sabah staff

F. RETA 7813 MAL-PMU/WorldFish Centre (WFC)

29. Beatrice Beth Baikan Deputy Team Leader 30. Mr. Noil Gibin MAL-PMU staff 31. Ms. Donna Jingulam MAL-PMU staff



32. Prof. Dr. Ridzwan Abd. Rahman CMRM Specialist, MAL-PMU 33. Dr. James Alin Alternative Livelihood Specialist,

MAL-PMU 34. Daniel Doughty Eco-Tourism Specialist, MAL-PMU 35. Nurulhudah Ahmad Fatan Public Awareness Specialist, MAL-

PMU 36. Capt Abdul Wan Fatah Haji Omar MCS Specialist, MAL-PMU 37. Dr. Maripaz Perez Deputy Director, WFC 38. Len Garces Project Coordinator, WFC

G. RETA 7813 Regional Consultant Team

39. Mr. Guillermo Morales Team Leader, RPMO 40. Dr. Annadel Cabanban EAFM Specialist, RPMO 41. Mr. James Berdach CMRM Specialist, RPMO 42. Dr. Rosa Perez CCA Specialist, RPMO 43. Ms. Lourdes Caballero KM Specialist, RPMO



Annex 3

WELCOME SPEECH OF PROF. DATO’ NOR AIENI HJ MOKHTAR Yang Berbahagia Datuk Hj. Ujang Sulani, Chairman of Sabah Coordination Committee of CTI (Malaysia), Yang Berbahagia Datuk Rayner Stuel Galid, Director of Sabah Fisheries, My honour also to acknowledge Mr. Guillermo Morales, Team Leader for ADB-RETA 7813, Deputy Team Leader Datuk Dr. Beth Baikan, colleagues from PRIMEX in the Philippines and consultants /experts of the RETA team: I would also like to acknowledge and welcome the members of the CTI National Coordination Committee, the technical working groups, stakeholders particularly those coming from the government agencies, NGOs and everyone, welcome to this Planning Workshop. "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh", a Very Good Morning and Happy Chinese New Year to you all. It is indeed my pleasure to be standing here and to be invited to this project Planning Workshop organised by the Coral Triangle Initiative Malaysia and also the Project Management Unit of the RETA sponsored by ABD on the topic of the Coastal & Marine Resources Management. Ladies and gentlemen, coming here to Kota Kinabalu is always a pleasure as this is part of the destination and also the priority area for the CTI for Malaysia. As a representative from National Coordination Committee and CTI Secretariat, I would like to record my appreciation as it is indeed an honour to have the Chairman of the CTI Sabah Coordination Committee with us to grace this workshop. Thank you Yg.Berbahgia Datuk Ujang for agreeing to grace this event. With all the hard work put in by everyone in the preparation of this workshop, I believe that it will help us to steer this project in terms of the planning priorities in line with what we have planned in the regional planning workshop in Manado recently. Nonetheless, we hope this session with you will facilitate the information-sharing and improve coordination of the high-impact programs and projects that could be highlighted as part of the achievement and roadmap for CTI-CFF. All these national and regional projects are actually being monitored for the Key Performance Index (KPI) by the Economic Planning Unit for the implementing agency, Ministry of National Resources & Environment and others through the coordination of National Coordination Committee (NCC) and CTI-Sabah State Committee. But then, as you can see, we need to have this improvement in the governance as the implementation of the CTI from Malaysia is actually affecting the North Eastern part of Sabah. So as far as the National Coordinating Committee (NCC) is concerned, we would like to congratulate the Sabah Coordinating Committee (SCC) particularly the Department of Fisheries (DOF) led by our champion for the EAFM (Datuk Rayner) which I think have shown that their prior experience with the team in the DOF in the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Eco-region (SSME) has actually lent support for the success of the CTI of Malaysia even though we came very late in the CTI family. We also like to acknowledge the support from the ADB as well as the team from Philippines with regards to the putting our priorities together with the Indonesia counterpart as part of the CTI-SEA project. Ladies and gentlemen, this RETA 7813 planning workshop session today is designed to address the gaps in and also to improve management for marine habitat degradation or



biodiversity loss. At the same time, to look into the status of and help reduce the poverty of the community with regards to coastal and marine environment within the SSME. We hope that by having the technical assistance project from ADB which started in August 2012 and with the Malaysia inception meeting conducted in early September 2012, it will provide expert guidance and advisory assistance as well improve capacity building for our Malaysian team. The RETA 7813 has three regional subprojects which I would like to state for all of you who are not familiar with the project: First the vulnerability assessment of coastal and marine eco-system and sources and adaptation of coastal communities to climate change. Second is addressing Illegal, unreported and unregulated or IUU fishing of coral reef fishes. And third is the establishment of a network of marine protected areas. So, on the ground the Sabah Coordinating Committee has approved several sub-projects but have yet to start implementing them since we had our last NCC meeting. We would like now to mobilize these projects that have already been approved. Allocation for these projects has been approved and, I would like to also state here the good news that the upcoming budget for 2014 will continue to support the CTI Malaysia. For Malaysia, apart from the regional sub-projects I mentioned earlier, we also have other national sub-projects that are included in the CTI Goals 1, 2 and 3, meaning on the seascapes Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management as well as the Marine Protected Areas for the Regional Plan of Action. For the national subprojects, two of these, the capacity building on EAFM and MPA have already been mobilized with the inception meeting held on 3rd December 2013 in Semporna. The remaining three national sub-projects which have been approved by the NCC in Sabah and also in Malaysia recently, we would like to start with the recruitment of national consultants. For the regional subprojects, with the coordination between NCC Malaysia and SCC, and support from Coral Triangle Support Program from the US, we hope that relevant partners (particularly ADB) will allow the facilitation of the sub-projects by closely coordinating with Indonesia as well as Philippines so that we know that at the end of the day, the reporting or the RPOA is more systematic. We also would like to have clarity in the implementation of the RETA with regards to funding from the national, from the ADB, and from other partners as well. Although it’s very challenging, I would like to congratulate the team, the organisers, for preparing and facilitating this planning workshop so that we can sit together to discuss and prepare the annual work plan on the remaining subprojects I mentioned earlier. We hope that, with this meeting we can come up with the output to be part of the framework for the CTI work plan for the 2014 and 2016 for the regional sub-projects as well as the national subprojects. So in our deliberations today, we hope that it is in line with the achievements of what we have done so far since2008. I do believe that the lessons learned from the SSME in particular, can be considered great achievements. For Malaysia at least through the tri-national committee of IUU, I think the Sabah Department of Fisheries has done very well. We need to articulate these achievements in terms of what we have done so far for the CTI because at the federal level the reporting system is not yet quite established. In this regard, Malaysia will be the next host country for the monitoring and evaluation working group for which we have to prepare. In this regard, we must learn from our Philippine counterparts and experts.



We have actually developed the indicators and some of us have been trained on how to provide our own reporting system so that we can ensure that the CTI program is sustainable financially in particular. Our government appointed the implementing agency particularly from Sabah Fisheries and Sabah Parks and the rest from the State offices. At the federal level, we have representatives from Marine Parks who are also leading CTI goal no. 3 together with Sabah Parks. We therefore hope for the continuing support from the government in terms of policy implementation whereby the call for biodiversity policy implementation will be contributed by our program of the CTI particularly in the area not only on the terrestrial sites but focusing more on marine biodiversity of fishes and other places of marine space that we have not yet started. With CTI, we have the opportunity to provide a good contribution for the country both east and west Malaysia. In this regard, I have seen great developments particularly in the discussion with the Asia Pacific Economic community. We talked about Asian community where we could actually work along with other organisations, such asthe UNESCO - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and particularly in the Western Pacific region in which I am involved as well. It is rewarding to actually work together on scientific cooperation for action on how to improve governance and how to prepare the mapping of our resources into plan in terms of managing our resources using the tracking tools that we have relating to climate change and biodiversity loss, particularly with the increase in population and also demand for all marine resources and protein. I hope that the representatives from these groups coming to this workshop today will able to embrace this aspiration. The purpose or the planning workshop is actually for all of us to share our knowledge and also to exchange experiences for a particular plan under RETA 7813. Sometimes we have high hopes that we can do many things, but I think it must be realistically doable programs and projects. We must realize the limitations of our projects that we need to prioritize. So with this, I hope the resource persons and experts present here will provide the technical guidance. I can see we have some experts in this room who have actually been flown here. I see Dr. Maripaz Perez from WorldFish is here and the experts from RPMO who can share their experience from the Philippines, and guide us how we can mobilize the allocation under RETA 7813 and improve the implementation of CTI Malaysia. So part of the guiding question will be – “What are the past and current activities undertaken by stakeholders that could actually contribute to the goals with respect to the RPOA and NPOA which are relevant or similar to the activities of the RETA sub-project for Malaysia. I wish to advise that we have also requested a budget from the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) for the review of the RPOA and NPOA. So we have that allocation, should you need to have an extension of this workshop particularly in line with other support and funding from national programs and projects. I therefore leave the rest of you to discuss further on what the other activities are that could actually increase the visibility of CTI not only for Malaysia, but also for regional plans for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. As you are aware, this coming May 2014, not many months ahead, the CTI the World Coral Reef Conference in Manado, Indonesia and I would like to highlight Yg Berbahgia Datuk as per last meeting in Manila, and I’m trying to count the number of ladies in this room, “orang Sabah ni bagus-bagus”. I see in this audience we have quite a balanced gender. But in Manila and Manado, it has been highlighted that part of the priority program included in the May 2014 conference is to have a side event for the CTI women leaders. So this is a new ‘buzzword’ for



CTI to establish the women leaders’ group. This is not to say that the men are not doing their job; they are of course excellent as leaders, but the women have also equally contributed, and it is good for them to be included as part of professionals in delivering regional cooperation for the conservation in this huge biodiversity region of the world. Another issue that the event in Manado is expected to focus on will be for everyone to work for the establishment of the regional secretariat in Manado. But in terms of programs and projects, I do believe right now each country is doing their own CTI projects. There is no project, as far as I know, that is actually being done by all CT3 countries together. For example, monitoring the turtles - right now you have the fisheries through the SSME project, but the current application under the ADB-RETA, we are not yet doing together through a common project (with the Philippines and Indonesia). Each country has its own NPOA, and there is RPOA. But this RPOA seems to be only on paper. As it appears on the ground, the three countries are not yet actually working together on a particular project or program. With that, Yg Berbahgia Datuk, I would like to say thank you and to everyone who has contributed in helping the National Coordination Committee especially the secretariat, as we are faced with the challenging task. I think we managed to surface through it all with the idea and drive of having Malaysia to fly our jalur gemilang high because the current Chairman of the CTI Council of Ministers is from Malaysia. So until then, by May 2014, we hope to continue to fly our flag high! Thank you very much and “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh."



Annex 4

OPENING ADDRESS OF DATUK HJ UJANG SULANI Yg. Bhgia Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni Hj. Mokhtar, Undersecretary of MOSTI and Director of National Oceanography Directorate, Yg. Bhgia Datuk Rayner Stuel Galid, Director of Fisheries Department Sabah, Ladies and Gentlemen, I bid you a very good morning. It is my great pleasure to give this speech for many reasons, but I will limit these to three. First, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF) is in line with the policies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. The Targets of Goals 2 on Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) are in line with our objectives to attain sustainability of marine resources and livelihoods in Sabah and in Malaysia, as a whole. Second, the focus of implementation of the CTI National Plan of Action (NPOA) in Malaysia in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion, in particular in the part of the Large Marine Ecoregion (LME) that borders the eastern part of Sabah. This part extends from the Kudat-Marudu-Pitas region in the North to Tawau, in the Southeastern part of the State. Malaysia has entered into a trinational agreement with Indonesia and the Philippines and collaboratively manages this LME in 2004 under the SSME Conservation Plan. Sabah Parks and the Department of Fisheries, Sabah have actively participated in the formulation of the vision for the SSME, and prepared Action Plans for marine protected areas, fisheries, and threatened species. Last year, after the review of the 10-year implementation of the SSME, a Comprehensive Action Plan for these 3 main foci now includes climate change adaptation and sustainable financing. The Department of Fisheries-Sabah has also participated in the first regional project in the SSME, which produced an Integrated Fisheries Management Plan for small pelagic fishes. The SSME was identified as a Priority Seascape in the CTI at the Senior Officials’ Meeting here in Kota Kinabalu in 2009, which is fitting because of the high marine biodiversity and the longer history in this LME of collaboration for the sustainable use of marine resources. I have also been briefed that the Regional Technical Assistance on Coastal and Marine Resources Management – Coral Triangle Initiative Southeast Asia is also in support of the ECP as well as the NPOA of Malaysia for CTI. I am happy for this apparent convergence of these regional projects. Third, Malaysia plays a leadership role in the Technical Working Group on EAFM in the CTI and as the Chair of the Sub-committee on Sustainable Fisheries in the SSME. This gives me pride as the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. I am pleased to know that the Sub-project on Capacity-building for EAFM and Marine Protected Area Management is now being implemented. I am also glad to know that the Inception Meeting with stakeholders was held last December in Semporna. The workplans for this sub-project have been approved and I look forward to knowing the progress of implementation this year until the end of the Project. I encourage the officers to work closely with the national and regional experts so that we can achieve the expected outputs at the end of the RETA Project. There still remains a lot to do under the Project. There are three regional subprojects and three other national projects that we need to begin to implement. I gathered these from the meetings in the NCC and the SCC and the annual review mission by the Asian Development Bank. I am



glad that representatives of the Technical Working Groups of the CTI, representatives of the SSME Sub-committees in Malaysia, governmental agencies that have a mandate in the sustainable use of the coastal and marine environment, representatives of the local and international non-governmental organisations, and many stakeholders are gathered today despite the fact that this is just the first week of the Chinese New Year. Your presence here indicates your commitment to work together towards achieving the outputs of each sub-project and the outcome of an “improved management of coastal and marine resources established in the SSME Priority Seascape within the Coral Triangle”. To advance the RETA, we, as stakeholders, need to coordinate our efforts in the SSME Priority Seascape. Coordination leads to efficiency and synergy in implementation. I wish you all the best in the deliberations of the CTI activities and work in Malaysia, especially for the six sub-projects under the RETA. I wish you all a productive Planning Workshop!



Annex 5

PANEL DISCUSSION

1. Datin Shahima (NRE-Marine Parks Malaysia) suggested that the existing MPA training manual of Marine Parks Malaysia may be adapted for the RETA MPA training for Sabah Parks personnel. She also inquired if the MPA training can be extended to MPA personnel in Peninsular Malaysia. 2. Prof Ridzwan (National Specialist on CMRM) explained that the spirit of the training programs or modules are meant not just for Sabah Parks but also for Marine Parks officers and people who are doing marine conservation works or management works, including the NGOs involved in such programs. 3. James Berdach (International Specialist on CMRM) added that since the RETA is investing considerable time and money in the preparation of the training materials and training program, it would be a good idea to disseminate the information as widely as possible. He also suggested developing a training module that can be posted on the website so people can undertake self-training activities. 4. Carol (WWF- Malaysia) shared the findings of their study on developing standards for aquaculture stewardship council certification for groupers, snappers, and barramundi. There is a huge shift in the market with the flooding of hybrid groupers from China and Hong Kong that has impacted on the price of local groupers. She asked if the RETA project is taking this drastic market shift into consideration in the EAFM for groupers. 5. Dr. Annadel Cabanban (EAFM Specialist) responded that the subproject has three components for the preparation of the training materials: (i) the training itself; (ii) the application of EAFM to grouper fisheries; and (iii) live reef food fish trade (LRFFT). She explained the issues pertaining to the grouper fisheries and LRFFT will be discussed in the third component of which ongoing engagement and discussions with stakeholders and cage operators are already underway. 6. Datin Shahima shared an ongoing collaborative training with Sabah Parks and Department of Fisheries in Terengganu on the study of groupers under the EAFM. She also informed that they are planning to have training on the grouper aggregation this year with the help of Dr. Kevin, including training of trainers during the spawning season possibly in July or August this year. 7 Dr. Annadel appreciated the sharing of information and suggested that since the RETA has a similar study under the EAFM subproject that will be conducted in Semporna, there should be collaboration between the two studies/trainings. 8 Datin Shahima further advised that the groupers’ genetic population will be studied from Sabah right down to Pulau Payar (Langkawi Marine Park). She also informed that for MPAs, they have already developed the management effective assessment tool (MEAT) based on governance, the economy, and the people, as well as another tool based on the Philippine assessment tool with the help of Dr. Richard Mualim. She suggested that before developing a new tool, the RETA should first look into these tools. 9. Prof. Ridzwan welcomed the suggestion as it would provide a good opportunity to combine some of the training programs because of the limited resources to do many programs



under the RETA’s MPA Capacity Building subprojects. He stated that with the combined program arrangement, the project will be able to extend or increase courses and the RETA funds can be used to pay for participants’ travel to attend the course/training. He expressed hope that the details of the activities could be reviewed and the two programs can be harmonized. 10. Mr. Len Garces (WorldFish Center) informed that the USCTI has prepared an EAFM training module, which is already in the advanced stage. He suggested that the RETA consider looking into this module for possible translation into Bahasa Melayu. He also informed that under the EAFM, the Malaysian National Plan of Action on IUU fishing is already out. 11. Dr. Annadel thanked Len for the information on the two reports and informed that the RETA is rolling out the training of trainers of the essential EAFM which is a product of the Coral Triangle Initiative and is planning to have that module or product translated into Bahasa Melayu, after it has been adjusted to the Malaysian study. She also informed that two other modules, specifically for fishermen and the tourism sector, will be prepared because the application of EAFM is in Semporna where there are stakeholders other than fishers. 12. Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni suggested that the training also be extended to other stakeholders, e.g., the commercial sector. She stressed that it would be beneficial for them to understand what the project is going to do and advised that they be invited to the project’s future activities. 13. Dr. Rosa Perez (CCA Specialist) explained that climate change in general cuts across most themes, so that, if all the activities in the RETA take on board climate change concerns, they can be classified as climate change adaptation. She explained that for the MPAs and EAFM, if the climate change factors are considered, the RETA will be able to deliver the targets of the regional plan of action, which is to increase resilience of coastal communities. She stressed, however, that for this particular RETA, the major focus for climate change adaptation will be on coastal livelihoods. 14. Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni suggested that in preparing the CCA plan, baseline data and information would be required, and therefore there is a need to take stock of the current scenario to address the vulnerability to climate change. 15. Dr. Perez informed that USAID has developed a local early action plan (LEAP) methodology for CTI, which is more of a bottom-up approach, where the information is taken from the localities themselves. However, it is not a stand-alone method and therefore additional baselines from other sources need to be obtained. She explained that the vulnerability is seen as being due to several factors like exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The interplay of these three factors will also be taken into consideration. For example, if adaptive capacity is strengthened, it will lessen the vulnerability or exposure and sensitivity, which are directly proportional to vulnerability. If the focus is on livelihoods, then current livelihoods may be looked at and ways found to enhance and strengthen it against climate threats. Second is to look at diversification of livelihood so that dependency is reduced. In the long term, alternative livelihoods that are able to adapt to climate change should be identified. Primary information on future climate change scenarios is needed, and the cooperation of the weather bureau of Malaysia is required so that information on climate projections at least for the year 2050 can be obtained. Since 2100 is still so far away, projections for 2025 and 2050 are workable as they are within our time horizon. 16. Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni, speaking on behalf of the national program for CCA, stated that the CCA program has included local information and scientific data in accordance with the



climate change policy. She informed that the anchored group of Climate Change Policy (Malaysia) is at the Ministry of Environment. She added that there is a nationwide promotion of CCA in Malaysia, and she asked that any CCA discussions should include those who have been working on vulnerability assessment throughout the country. She emphasized that apart from community involvement, it is also necessary to record current and the future scenarios. She stressed that, more importantly, scientific assessment must be carried out by engaging experts in the field. 17. She further informed that a list of researches that have been done by the University Lestari of UKM is available, and the program of CCA at the national level exists. She indicated that the CTI-CCA working group is helping out in mapping the vulnerability areas where communities are more susceptible to impact, focusing on the resilience of the communities. She advised that this present study should look at what has been done especially in Marudu Bay, which is very susceptible to flooding, and focus the study on the impact of floods on water, sewerage, and coastal erosion. 18. Dr. Perez commented that the LEAP method is much localized but not a standalone process, so information from other researches and studies as well as current and future condition will be considered. 19. Prof. Ridzwan informed that the RETA subproject on coastal profiling has now been decided to focus on Marudu Bay where scientific information required for the CCA subproject could be collected. He urged that Dr. Ejriah Salleh of the CCA working group work closely with those who are in-charge of the Tun Mustapha Park program. 20. Mr. Morales (RETA Team Leader) appreciated the comments from Prof. Dato’ Nor Aieni and informed that the main objective of the workshop is to get information on the programs of other projects so that activities can be coordinated and additional information can be easily availed of. 21. Dr. Annadel added that the site for the application of vulnerability assessment and adaptation as well as the integrated coastal zone management application will be in Marudu Bay. Under that subproject, data will be collected on the resources and the resource users, both on land and sea. So whatever gaps and information that will be needed by CCA specialist and her implementation partners for adaptation could be collected and adapted for the subproject on ICZM and the marine profiling. 22. Ms. Nurul Fatan (Public Awareness Specialist) informed that in her work at the WorldFish Center in Penang, they have developed the CTI Atlas to serve the CTI and she expressed hope that this portal can be utilized in her work on the project as the Public Awareness Specialist. She, however, indicated that she would need inputs from the other experts of the subprojects. 23. Prof. Dato’ Nor Aeini informed that in 2010, the National Oceanographic Directorate (NOD) commissioned the University Putra Malaysia (UPM) to carry out an integrated coastal resource management study for Marudu Bay, specifically for the ecological resource studies, vegetation mapping, and aquatic life. The study report is already available, and all information about the study is accessible at the NOD portal. She further informed that a special subproject on co-management of Marudu Bay was also commissioned to address the demographic and socioeconomic aspects of the Bay. She recommended that the RETA project look at the existing report and the recommendations in these reports and not reinvent the wheel in the implementation of the subproject. She further recommended that the communities be given an



opportunity to learn from other communities through exchange visit or on-site learning. She emphasized that it is more important to get the people/community to experience by looking and observing other places and feel the impact of the CTI project in their community rather than implementing the project for publication sake. 24. Mr. Berdach said that the CTMPAS has been the subject of a lot of discussions within the MPA technical working group of the CTI which is intended to be a very broad and general compendium of information about MPAs throughout the entire Coral Triangle, i.e., the ASEAN and the Pacific. The intention is to enter as much information as is known about these MPAs into the Coral Triangle Atlas which has been established as an online resource. A key objective of the CTMPAS is to enable better monitoring of management effectiveness within the MPAs in the Coral Triangle. He informed that currently, countries are engaged in a process of nominating sites for inclusion in the system. The sites are grouped into four different categories, of which two of the most advanced categories are: (i) Flagship Sites or large sites that are already under effective management; and (ii) Priority Development Sites or key sites but in need of further assistance to improve their management. He further informed that for Malaysia, the sites that have been put up for nomination are: (i) Category 4: Turtle Islands Park; and (ii) Category 3: Tun Mustapha Park. 25. Mr. Berdach suggested that since a lot of focus has been put on the establishment of a MPA network in the eastern part of Sabah, perhaps it is time to also consider the northern part of Sabah, the Tun Mustapha Park and its connectivity to Balabac and Palawan Islands (in the Philippines) as the basis for forming a transboundary network of MPAs. 26. Prof. Ridzwan affirmed that the proposed establishment of the Tun Mustapha Park has been approved by the Sabah State Cabinet and is now in the process of being gazzetted. 27. Mr. Morales stressed that the RETA would like to accomplish activities that are consistent with the CTI Malaysia NPOA. He emphasized the importance of getting the information on other activities of partners and NOD so that activities of the project can be harmonized and coordinated.



Group 1

Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change and Alternative Livelihood

Annex 6

Group 1 Presentation



Annex 7




Group 3: Marine Protected Area (MPA) Management

Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle-Southeast Asia (CTI-SEA; TA 7813-REG)

04 Feb 2014-Palace Hotel, Kota Kinabalu

Group 3 members:

1. Nurulhuda Ahmad Fatan—Worldfish2. Daba Hjh Shahina Ab. Hamid-DMPM3. Fazrullah Rizally Abd. Razak-Sabah Parks4. Chitdrakantan Subramaniam-CTI NCC Sec

office5. Robecca Jumin—WWF Malaysia6. Julian Hyde—Reefcheck Malaysia7. James Berdach—CTI-SEA ADB

Group 3 discussed:

1. National Activity:Capacity-Building on MPA

Management

2. Regional Activity:Establishing a network of

MPAs (NMPA)

National Activity: Capacity-Building on MPA ManagementGoal No., NPoA

Activities/Project in theAgency

Related to N-SP #

and/or R-SP #

3–Marine Protected Areas Established and Effectively Managed

•WWF: Tun Mustapha Park (TMP)– new approach to MPAs: multiple zones; community living in there. •-This creates a stakeholder need: Need to build the capacity of the community to be part of mgt of the park; role in resource mgt; role in monitoring; what it means to them

N-SP#4 andR-SP#3

National Activity: Capacity-Building on MPA Management

Goal No., NPoA Activities/Project in the Agency Related to N-SP

# and/or R-SP #


•WWF: 2 lecturers from RhodeIsland-- Developed module fortraining people in establishingConservation Enterprise•Involves assessing resources, theirpotential, and how it can bedeveloped into an enterprise that willbenefit the community as well asbenefit the environment.

N-SP#4and R-SP#3



Related to N-SP #

and/or R-SP #


•WWF: In TMP, with Wildlife Department, have appointed community members as Honorary Wildlife Wardens; can help in various activities such as outreach. Pay allowance based on time inputs.

N-SP#4 andR-SP#3

Annex 8






Related to N-SP #

and/or R-SP #


•ReefCheck: Mantanani Island-- basic awareness and capacitybuilding on the fact that theyshould be involved in lookingafter their marine resources.Use coral reef rehab as a toolto introduce the concept.

N-SP#4 andR-SP#3


Goal No., NPoA

Activities/Project in the Agency Related to N-SP #

and/or R-SP #


•DMPM: UUM has included socioeconomic and biological measures into a new assessment protocol and briefed DMPM on how to use the tool; now need to train people how to use it – not just for DMPM people, but also people outside of DMPM; funded by DMPM and WorldFish Centre; Now also working with USM and UMT to develop an indicator on coral health index.

N-SP#4 andR-SP#3


Goal No., NPoA

Activities/Project in the Agency Related to N-SP #

and/or R-SP #


•Sabah Parks: have done training in Semporna to appoint community members as honorary rangers—small incentives provided; they also have enforcement powers—considered as volunteers so compensation is small•In parallel, doing social marketingto explain zoning, and set up boundary markers

N-SP#4 andR-SP#3


PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR CAPACITY BUILDINGPriority training topics were identified as follows:– Resource assessment and monitoring– MPA management effectiveness– Co-management/community-based management– MPA network planningAdditional training topics:– Climate change adaptation/resiliency in MPAs– Sustainable financing– Public relations / tourist awareness


MPA Work Plan 2013-2016

No 2013 2015 20161 inception meeting: stock-

taking/gap analysis; stakeholder consultation

2 Baseline gathering (GEF tracking tool)

3 Review of training materials for MPA management

4 Preparation/development of training materials

5 Pilot-testing of training materials

6 Production of training materials

7 Training sessions8 Management Effectiveness

Assessment9 Site-visits

ActivityYear

2014


Workshop Group 3 endorsed the decisions of the Semporna Inception Workshop, with the following suggestions and changes:Specific additional training:DMPM: • understand other resource uses in the marine park;

justification for establishing an MPA—location and benefits

• Thus there is a need for taining of staff AND community in monitoring/resource assessment

Sabah Parks: • “MPA 101”

ReefCheck Malaysia: • Improved communications skills (for communities,

tourists etc.)



Regional Activity: Establishing a network of MPAs (NMPA)

Past efforts: DMPM – study with USM west coast Peninsular Malaysia

on molecular connectivity of coral populations; grouper DMPM – study with Fisheries on east coast of mackerel &

turtle – genetic survey DMPM – proposal to study turtle mobility between East

coast of Peninsular and Labuan Proposal: SSME discussed formation of a network of

islands through turtle connectivity Sipadan – TSMP – Turtle islands (incl Phlippines islands)

– SIMCA – TMP UMT - proposal to study movement of marine mammals

in Malaysian waters

Regional Activity: Establishing a network of MPAs (NMPA)

Next steps: Will involve country consultations, followed by regional

consultation Should consider, build upon, and be in synch with

related efforts, especially: CT Marine Protected Area System (CTMPAS) MPAs within the SSME/SSS

(implementation Schedule to be determined, but piggybacking on Seascapes TWG meeting [April 2014] and MPA REX5 [July 2014])



GROUP 4“Marine Profiling and ICZM”

Not in picture: Ms. Ivy Clerie Edward & Affandi Rashid

Background

• Marudu Bay within TMP• Mussel industry ;• Human-crocodile conflict;• Decreasing fist catch by community;• Coastal profiling for ICZM• Activities to continue after completion of ADB

Project

Past Program/studies• The Pulau Banggi Project for Coral Reef Biodiversity: Greenforce

• "Laporan Akhir Kajian Pelan Pengurusan Terintegratif Taman Marin Tun Mustapha": LESTARI, UKM

• Study of Carrying Capacity of Balambangan Island; Jab. Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenenjung Malaysia

• A Socio-Economic Assessment of Coastal Communities of Pulau Banggi Sabah, East Malaysia: Helen Fisher

• Tourism Area Concept Plan for Kudat, Kota Marudu and Pitas; IDS

• Establishing baseline data for indicator species of mangrove ecosystem in the Proposed Tun Mustapha Park, Northern Sabah; B.M. Manjaji-Matsumoto, E. Saleh, S.Z. Lim & J.J. Ong

Ongoing Programs• Gazettement of TMP by Sabah Parks • Preparation for Integrated Management Plan ~ 6 WG

(based on secondary data ) Natural Resources, Fisheries, Spatial Conservation Zoning, Socioeconomic Development Programs, EE & Public Awareness, Governance

• With the involvement of other agencies ; DoF, EPD, SFR, SWD, WWF-Malaysia, DID, District Offices.

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

No Activity '14 '15 '16

1

Initiate Long term Impact assessment of land based activities to TMP & Marudu Bay (initially by secondary data collection followed by primary data collection): water quality study & pollution point sources riparian reserve & mangrove fisheries

2 Identify fish spawning/ aggregation within Marudu Bay. Data may be used for implementation of zoning and seasonal fishing practice.

3 Studies on Climate Change Vulnerability in TMP which include on shoreline erosion and fisheries.

4 Establish more water quality monitoring stations in Marudu Bay

5 Study on crocodile - human conflict in TMP.

Annex 9



APPENDIX 7:

Back-to-Office Report (BTOR)

of EAFM Specialist, RPMO

MMM

APPENDIX 7: BTOR OF EAFM SPECIALIST, RPMO Page 1

BACK TO OFFICE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST

Kota Kinabalu and Tawau, Malaysia; 3-11 February 2014

A. Objectives

1. To participate at the Planning Meeting and Workshop for the CTI Malaysia Component of the RETA 7813 Project;

2. To attend the internal meeting of the RETA 7813 Project in Malaysia;

3. To meet with the Department of Fisheries (DOF) Sabah and discuss the

implementation of two studies under the Subproject on Capacity-building for Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management;

4. To meet with Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI), University Malaysia

Sabah (UMS) and discuss the Population Genetics Study of Plectropomus leopardus; and

5. To meet with stakeholders from the exporters, traders, and cage culturists of

groupers – an important group of stakeholders who were not present at the Inception Meeting in December 2013.

B. Findings 1. Planning meeting and workshop. The activities under the subproject on EAFM were presented to the Sabah stakeholders in plenary and at the breakout group on EAFM and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. There was wide acceptance of the workplan to 2016. The only major item raised was whether the subproject will also look at socioeconomic concerns and role of market forces. There is concern that the declining demand for groupers from Sabah, due to the success of breeding and cage culture in Hong Kong, may have implications on the demand for groupers. It was explained that in the application and formulation of EAFM for grouper fisheries and trade in 2015, all issues pertaining to the sector will be elucidated in the first and second steps of the EAFM process. 2. In the absence of the international Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS) Specialist, I presented the implementation plan for the regional subproject on IUU fishing, which was drafted by the MCS Specialist, to the participants of the breakout group. The national MCS Specialist and other stakeholders were in agreement with the plan, which involves a series of consultative meetings at the regional and national levels. 3. Internal meeting. The internal meeting was able to clarify the issues that the national consultants for Malaysia had. The EAFM Specialist will continue to provide technical expertise to the MAL-PMU. 4. Meeting with DOF Sabah. DOF Sabah agreed to facilitate the implementation of the study on “Population Genetics of the Grouper, Plectropomus leopardus” with BMRI of UMS. DOF Sabah agreed in principle to provide additional financial support1 to the study and provide field assistance to the researchers (when they are in the field. DOF Sabah is interested in the

1 DOF Sabah has committed to cover the cost of laboratory chemicals up to US$20,000.



research and the findings for the improvement of the management of grouper fisheries and live reef fish trade in Sabah. DOF Sabah also agreed to conduct the study to compile data on the export of groupers from the sheets filled-in by the traders. 5. Meeting with Prof. Dr. Saleem Mustapha and Associate Professor Dr. Julian Ransangan. Prof. Mustapha and Asso. Prof. Ransangan have agreed to conduct the study on Population Genetics of Plectropomus leopardus. It will be a ‘contract research’ in the categorization in the UMS system. The lead scientist will be Asso. Prof. Ransangan, who will be assisted by a research assistant. It was agreed that the work plan and schedule will be prepared and finalized through e-mail exchanges between Asso. Prof. Ransangan and the EAFM Specialist. 6. Stakeholder consultation with live reef fish traders and cage operators. The stakeholder consultation was attended by nine persons (1 female; 8 male) from Semporna and Tawau. The stakeholders expressed support for the project and are interested in taking the training that is planned for 2014. The training material that is available is Essential EAFM (eEAFM), which is for executives and is a five-day training. This will have to be adapted for fishers, cage operators, and traders, and will be reduced to a three-day training.

Stakeholder consultation with cage operators and traders from Semporna and Tawau, 10 February 2014, DOF Sabah, Tawau Branch Office.

7. The eEAFM training manual for fishers, cage operators, and traders will be adapted to provide knowledge and skills for this group to enable them to participate effectively in a management plan formulated according to EAFM steps (FAO, 2003). It was agreed with Dr. Norasma Dacho (EAFM trainor and DoF Sabah focal person for the subproject on capacity-building for EAFM) that this adaptation will be done back-to-back to the first training that will be conducted this year (tentatively in May 20142) to maximize the benefits of the travel of trainors and the EAFM Specialist.

2 This training will be reset to August 2014 due to pressing schedule of the eEAFM trainors.



8. The conduct of the stakeholder consultation was co-financed by DOF Sabah in the amount of US$220 (US$20/person x 11 persons) for meals. C. Recommendations 9. It is recommended that the contracts for the two studies in the subproject be prepared, approved, and endorsed so that studies can begin in March or April 2014. 10. It is recommended that the first capacity-building training be conducted in the second quarter of 2014 for 10 DOF officers.


APPENDIX 8:

Back-to-Office Report

(BTOR) of CMRM

Specialist, RPMO

MMM

APPENDIX 8: BTOR OF CMRM SPECIALIST, RPMO Page 1

BACK TO OFFICE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COASTAL AND COASTAL MARINE RESOURCES (CMRM) SPECIALIST AFTER A TRIP TO MALAYSIA

24 March – 4 April 2014

A. Places Visited

1. Sabah Parks 2. Semporna

B. Objectives 1. To meet with higher-level technical managers and human resources managers within

Sabah Parks Department, Kota Kinabalu central office and Semporna district office, to (i) discuss and validate the objectives of the capacity-building subproject and (ii) identify specific personnel who would be trained. The latter item should include a discussion to confirm/validate the geographic area of coverage for the capacity building (i.e., for which of the marine parks training would be offered to managers and staff). The approved capsule proposal to conduct marine protected area (MPA) management training refers to training focused in the Semporna area, but there are other areas where important MPA sites are located, e.g., the proposed Tun Mustapha Park (TMP).

2. To administer a questionnaire-type survey to prospective trainees, to determine (i) their

level of qualification as MPA managers, (ii) their level of knowledge about MPA management, (iii) gaps in their knowledge, and (iv) areas of special interest that they feel are important to include to ensure that the training curriculum fulfils its intended purposes.1

3. To communicate with potential subcontractors who could deliver the specific services

required for the accomplishment of: (i) a manual to train staff and personnel on MPA management; and (ii) a training program on resources management for national and local government personnel that may be adopted by non-government organizations (NGOs) and the private sector in partnership with other MPA managers;

4. To communicate with other parties who could potentially have an interest in the capacity-

building activities.

C. Background 1. As part of RETA 7813,2 a Capsule Proposal was approved for capacity building for MPA management in Malaysia. MPAs in Sabah are more generally referred to as marine parks. The marine parks in Sabah are listed in Table 1.

1 Sabah Parks managers should be requested to comment on the survey questionnaires prior to the administration of the surveys to trainees.

2 RETA 7813



Table 1: Sabah Marine Parks

Park Management

Tunku Abdul Raman Sabah Parks

Pulau Tiga Sabah Parks

Sipadan Island Land area under Sabah Parks; sea area under Majlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN)—National Security Council

Sugud Island Marine Conservation Area

Under Sabah Wildlife Department and with Reef Guardian group active in management

Pulau Pulau Penyu (Turtle Islands) Sabah Parks

Taman Marin Tun Sakaran (TMTS) Sabah Parks

Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) Sabah Parks; currently being gazetted—the target for completing the process is 2015

2. All the established parks in Table 1, excluding TMP, are Category 2 protected areas according to the IUCN classification scheme. TMP, a large, multi-use area, would fall under Category 6. For this subproject, the following outputs or deliverables were identified in the Capsule Proposal:

• a manual to train staff and personnel on MPA management; • a training program on resources management for national and local government

personnel that may be adopted by NGOs and the private sector in partnership with other MPA managers;

• an assessment of management effectiveness of one MPA; • data and information on MPA management as inputs for the GEF Tracking Tool; and • a pool of 10 trained persons with the capacity to manage MPAs in Sabah.

3. As indicated above, one of the target objectives of the subproject is to successfully train staff for effectively managing MPAs in Sabah. The principal trainees will be from Sabah Parks Department,3 dive and tourism operators in the private sector, civil society organizations (CSOs), and community leaders and members. 4. In order to properly prepare materials for the development of a training manual (Deliverable 1), and to plan the curriculum for the training program (Deliverable 2), it will be important, as a first step, to assess the capacity gaps and needs within Sabah Parks, so that training materials and curriculum could be properly designed. 5. Thus, the present mission was organized to carry out a gap analysis and training needs assessment (GA-TNA) for Sabah Parks, which could ideally to be followed by a similar GA-TNA for other relevant parties.

3 although it is anticipated that other trainees could also participate, e.g., personnel from other National and State government agencies having responsibility for marine park management and protection and related functions [e.g., DMPM, Fisheries, MMEA].



D. Recommendations

6. Following the mission, the information in the completed questionnaires is to be tabulated. Through this process, it is expected that important information will be gathered that will greatly facilitate the planning of the MPA management capacity-building training program and curriculum. This information will also help to guide the preparation of training manuals and other training materials.


APPENDIX 9:

Preliminary Assessment

Report on Green Mussels,

Malaysia

MMM

Appendix 9: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT REPORT ON GREEN MUSSELS, MALAYSIA Page 1

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT REPORT ON GREEN MUSSELS, MALAYSIA: GREEN MUSSEL FARMING IN MARUDU BAY- PROFIT AND LOSS ANALYSIS1

A. Background 1. The earliest record of green mussel (siput sudu or kupang) production in Sabah was in 2000 when a production of 94.31 tons (t) with a wholesale value of RM139,810 was registered in the Annual Fisheries Statistics. Sabah’s production increased to 123.78 t with a wholesale value of RM185,670 in 2001. Mussel production in Malaysia increased by 3.23% from 7,701 t (valued at RM2.85 million) in 2003 to 7,950 t (valued at RM3.26 million) for an increase of 14.38% in 2004. Johore was the main producer of mussels, with a production of 7,639 t, contributing 96.64% of the total mussels harvested. In 2006, the production in Kota Marudu, the only producing district in Sabah, had tripled to 313.68 t with a wholesale value of RM1,411,560. 2. Most farms in Marudu Bay are owned by the artisanal fishing communities in Tanjung Batu (open sea) and Teritipan (mangrove river mouth), both at Marudu Bay, the site of this study. By 2008, the farmers were producing 387.05 t at a wholesale value of RM 1,741,500. During a regular visit to Marudu Bay in October 2009, farmers reported that the spats (baby green mussel at the size less than an inch) in their farms were dying due to an unknown disease. By December 2009, the entire population of farmed kupang died, forcing fishers to stop operations and abandon their mussel farms. In October 2013, five former mussel farmers revived their farms. They collected mussels from the wild and started experimental farming. Their costing was very much similar to the one previously calculated in 2008 when kupang was the most promising cottage industry in Marudu Bay. 3. Soon after the RETA 7813 workshop in February 2014, visits to the farms were conducted to find out the progress of the experimental plots. Follow-up visits to the farms were made on 5-9 March and 12-16 March 2014. Most spats were growing, but not as fast as recorded in 2006. If the disease does not recur in the next six months, it is expected that some mature green mussels would be produced by the farms for the market. 4. This Profit–Loss Analysis was conducted based on 2008 data collected from Tanjung Batu by the participants of Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (LKIM) (Malaysia Fisheries Development Board) for newly built (January 2008) open sea rafts (1 km from coast) that used “expensive PVC” as a cage frame. The current experimental plots used cheaper cage frames made of bamboo and mangrove wood. The results showed that the LKIM farm had a high production cost of RM2.01 per kg and to break even, the farmer-participants had to produce 3,856 kg/cage and sold the mussels (after cleaning) at a farmgate price higher than RM2.01/kg. Back in 2008, farmers at both sites used hairy ropes that were tied to raft with its lower end submerged for capturing the spats from mature mussels (the first generation was transplanted from Teluk Jawa Johor by the Department of Fisheries [DOF]). B. Biology of the Green Mussel 5. Perna viridis is a large (>80 mm) bivalve with a smooth, elongate shell typical of several mytilids. It has visible concentric growth rings and a ventral margin that is distinctly

1 Some parts of this report were adapted and modified from Wilfred, J. and J. M. Alin. (2010. Proceedings of Annual Seminar on Science and Aquaculture – Indicators for Sustainability of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Dewan Canselor UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 10-12 March 2010.



concave on one side. It typically occurs at ocean depths of less than 10 m, and has shown to be tolerant of a wide range of turbidity and pollution. In the wild, the green mussels live for approximately three years (Power et al., 2004). Male and female green mussels release gametes directly into the water column. As with many marine bivalves, the presence of gametes in the water can trigger other individuals to release gametes, thereby synchronizing spawning to a degree. Salinity reductions (i.e., such as those often experienced in estuarine environments particularly in the wet seasons) can also elicit spawning in P. viridis (Stephen and Shetty, 1981). Within their native Pacific range, spawning peaks coincide with the monsoon seasons, although the species is known to be capable of reproducing year-round in some locations (Sivalingam, 1977; Stephen and Shetty, 1981; Walter, 1982).

6. Embryology. Within eight hours of fertilization, P. viridis larvae enter a ciliated, free-swimming stage known as the trochophore stage. Eight to twelve hours later, the larvae reach a stage known as the veliger stage, which is characterized by the presence of a shell and a ciliated membrane or skirt called the velum. Metamorphosis and settlement to the benthic habit typically occur within 8-12 days to as many as 20 days. Settlement-stage individuals are capable of secreting byssal threads (Tan, 1975; Siddall, 1980; Manoj, Nair, and Appukuttan, 2003). 7. Temperature. Green mussels occur in environments whose temperatures range from 10-35ºC and exhibit optimal response at temperatures between 26o-32ºC (Power, 2004). Although the reported native thermal range of the green mussel is broad, reduced temperatures have been demonstrated to significantly impact negatively on growth rates (Chatterji et al., 1984). Manipulative studies by Manoj, Nair, and Appukuttan (2003) confirm that the thermal optimum for Perna viridis resides very close to the upper lethal limits of the species. Optimum larval development, growth, and survival occur at 31ºC, but total mortality was reported after a 24-hr exposure at 33ºC and 35ºC. 8. Salinity. The green mussel is euryhaline, able to tolerate both hypersaline conditions (80 ppt) and reduced salinities, e.g., 12 ppt (Sivalingam, 1977; Chatterji et al., 1984; Morton, 1987). The optimal salinity range has been reported as 27-33 ppt (Power, 2004). C. Cage Culture of Green Mussel 9. Teluk Marudu is protected from the open sea ridge of the water, free from red tide traits, and the existence of Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) sources (known as trochophore) makes the breeding of this mollusk highly probable. All it requires is a cage and ropes tied to logs (beams), with the lower end of the rope submerged in seawater to attract the mussel gametes, both female and male. The spats of the Asian green mussel (P. viridis) come to the end of the rope and begin to form a group. Harvesting can be done after 6–7 months. One complete season takes about 9–10 months. 10. Cage construction. At Teluk Marudu, breeding of green mussel is done in cages. There are a few types of cages which differ in the use of the floating material. Traditionally, breeding green mussel uses empty sealed drums to float the cage on the water surface. Some use gallons to function just like drums. However, these materials do not last long and have to be replaced after certain length of usage. Some farmers’ use special PVC but that costs more than the drums or gallons, although it lasts longer and reduces the shaking of the cage caused by waves and consequently reduces the number of ropes falling to the sea bottom, which is a loss to



farmers.2 Lembaga Kemajuan Perikanan Kota Marudu argues that the usage of PVC as floating material is better. The PVC functions well in stabilizing the cage platform from wave action that comes from either speedboats or escow or tongkang3. 11. Assuming that a cage is tied with the maximum number of 150 ropes, 8-10% is equivalent to 12-15 ropes with attached mussels. The expected production is 360-450 kg of mussels valued at about RM900–1,125. The use of PVC reduces this percentage to 5-8%, considering that there are other unpredicted factors that cause the ropes to break. The PVC can last for more than six years. Instead of having to replace the drums or gallons, the farmer can proceed to the next season without having to rebuild the existing cage. This will cut the cost, which can be used to build new cages. 12. Size of mussel cages. The standard size for a mussel cage is approximately 20’ length x 20’ wide and consists of about 150 ropes per cage. Each cage normally consists of 16 square 5’x5’ and each square consists of about 16-18 ropes (Fig. 1). Small-sized cages are easier to maintain. Each cage can be attached and combined into a group of 6–8 cages to make the platform more stable. This technique also reduces the cost of monitoring and fuel.

Figure 1: The Set-up of Mussel Culture Platform

13. Costing. In the short run, platforms that are supported by gallons or drums are cheaper. However, in the long run, it is more expensive because of faster wear and tear, which requires a higher maintenance or replacement cost. A platform using PVC is more expensive but incurs a lower maintenance cost. The material requirement and cost for a mussel cage is shown in Table 1 below.

2 LKIM reported that approximately 5-15% of ropes fall from the platform, and of this percentage, 8-10% was caused by the shaking of the platform which get heavier as the green mussels grow in size.

3 Tongkang is a big boat made of wood that is often used for catching fish or transporting cargo.



Table 1: Material Requirement and Cost (in RM) for a Mussel Cage No. Particulars Unit Quantity Price per

Unit (RM) Total Expenses

(RM) 1 PVC pipe 8" x 20' no. 10 250 2,500 2 Rope, 3 mm roll 2 18 36 3 Rope, 5 mm roll 2 21 42 4 Rope, 10mm roll 2 35 70 5 Rope, for mussels, 3mm x 2m roll 5 18 90 6 Wood, 2" x 3" x 20' pc 15 15 225 7 Wood, 1" x 2" x 20' pc 5 7 35

Total cost 2,998 Add: Contingency (5%) 150 Estimated cost of capital (RM) 3,148

14. Development. This cost includes the cost of setting up the platform, PVC, squares, and tying the ropes. This cost is estimated at RM100 (GWO), and its takes at least four days to be completed.

15. Operation. Table 2 below shows the operational expenses.

Table 2: Tasks and Costs (in RM)

Particulars Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total

Maintenance expenses - Cleaning 0 0 0 45 45 45 45 45 45 270 - Rope replacement 0 0 0 45 45 45 45 45 45 270 - Transfer of mussels 0 0 0 45 45 45 45 45 45 270 - Woods and ropes 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 585 Harvesting 175 175 175 528 Transportation 0 0 0 0 0 0 351 351 351 1,056 Total 2,979

16. Harvesting. The first harvest can be done after 6-7 months. It is estimated that each rope can produce 25-30 kg of mussels. For each cage, the production is estimated at 3,856 kg of mussels ready for marketing after cleaning (Table 3).

Table 3: Estimation of Production per Cage Basic Assumptions Interval 25-30 kg Minimum

(25 kg per rope) Maximum

(30 kg per rope) Percentage 5% 8% 5% 8% Number of ropes 150 150 150 150 Number of ropes estimated to fall 7.5 12 7.5 12 Number of ropes available for harvest 142.5 138 142.5 138 Estimated harvest (kg) 3652.5 3450 4275 4140 Estimated interval average harvest (kg) 3506.25 4207.50 Estimated average harvest (kg) 3856.87

17. Overhead. This cost includes the (i) salary of one supervisor responsible for monitoring 4-6 units of cages from the first month and (ii) cost of fuel (Table 4).



Table 4: Projected Overhead Cost (in RM) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL

Monthly Salary

1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 12,150

Fuel and Oil

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 900

1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 13,050 18. Revenue. The estimation of revenue was based on projected production of 3,856 kg/cage at a market price of RM3/kg. Income is then estimated at RM11,568/cage. 19. Profit and Loss. As shown in Table 5 below, the net profit after deducting all expenses is RM0.99 at a production cost of RM2.01/kg. Therefore, alternative methods of production should be encouraged in order to increase the profit and add more value.

Table 5: Profit and Loss Analysis Particulars Cost (RM) Remarks Income 11,568.00 Income per season estimated at RM3/kg for 3,856 kg

production Capital 499.67 Estimated lifespan of a cage for 6 years at a cost of capital

of RM499.67/yr Development 100.00 Estimated expense for setting up 1 mussel cage Operating cost 2,978.55 Operating cost for maintenance, harvesting, and

transportation per season Overhead 4,160.50 Estimated expenses for 1 cage supervisor and cost of fuel Surplus/(def) 3,829.28 Breakeven cost per kg 2.01 Estimated breakeven cost per kg equal to production cost

per mussel Earning per kg of mussel

0.99 Based on 3,856 kg of produce

Selling Price (RM) Profit/Loss

3.50 1.49 + 3.00 0.99 + 2.50 0.49 + 2.02 0.01 Breakeven 2.00 -0.01 - 1.00 -1.01 -

20. Back in 2009, fresh mussels with shell were sold at an ex-farm price of RM2/kg and sold at RM2.50 per pack with shell removed and in brine. During peak harvests, they are sold at RM2.00-2.20 per 1-kg pack. As long as the price was above RM2.01, a thin profit was made. 21. Risks to green mussel farming. Pollution, especially solid and human waste coming from nearby houses on stilts and floating rubbish from the open sea, was and still is the primary risk to green mussel farming. The boats, escow, and other means of water transport sometimes spill or discharge oil that can cause the stunted growth of green mussels. Thieves, although rare, were also reported during times of high retail price. Teritipan and Tanjung Batu are said to have suitable water temperature of 10-35oC, and, so far, the sites have been declared by Sabah-DOF as free from red tide. It is also protected from big waves, and the presence of mussel gametes from wild females and males can reduce the cost of securing the spats for culture.



C. Conclusion 22. The revival of green mussel farming in Teluk Marudu has a good potential for development as alternative livelihood for coastal communities, just like in 2008. The best method to restart the farms is to use cheap material to fix the abandoned and old structures. Basic costing for the experimental plot is similar to what was calculated in 2008. However, the profitability of the enterprise is highly dependent on the high risk of disease recurrence and the uncertain quality of the natural environment. The above profit and loss analysis has shown that green mussel farming is feasible, barring the recurrence of disease, but the profit margin has to be improved, possibly with technical assistance from DOF and scientists. So far, most farmers are adopting a “wait and see” attitude.


APPENDIX 10:

METT: Workshop Report

for the DBPLS

MMM

APPENDIX 10: METT WORKSHOP REPORT FOR DBPLS Page 1


MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS TRACKING TOOL (METT) FOR DUMANQUILLAS BAY PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AND SEASCAPE (DBPLS)

Mardale Hotel and Convention Center, Pagadian City, 4 February 2014

WORKSHOP REPORT

A. Background 1. One of the requirements for GEF funding for RETA 7813 is the conduct of management effectiveness assessment in all project areas. In the Philippines, the project sites are in Region 4B (municipalities of Balabac and Taytay in Palawan), Region 7 (coastal municipalities in Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, and Cebu surrounding Tañon Strait), Region 9 (seven municipalities of Dumanquillas Bay, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga Sibugay), and ARMM (Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary in Tawi-tawi). 2. The assessment tool used is the METT, which is an internationally accepted tool for evaluating protected area management performance. The Dumanquillas Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape (DBPLS) in Zamboanga is the site for ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) interventions of the project. EAFM is an approach to fisheries management and development that strives to balance diverse societal objectives by taking into account the knowledge and uncertainties about biotic, abiotic, and human components of ecosystems and their interactions, applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically meaningful boundaries. B. Description of the Area 3. Legal status. The DBPLS was proclaimed on 10 August 1999 by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No.158, issued by then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada and pursuant to the

View of Malangas coastline in Dumanquillas Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape



provisions of Republic Act (RA) 7586, otherwise known as the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act. 4. Location and size of the protected area. The DBPLS is situated in the two provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur. The bay encompasses the coastal waters of six municipalities, namely: Margosatubig, Lapuyan, Kumalarang, and Vincenzo Sagun, all in Zamboanga del Sur, and Buug and Malangas in Zamboanga Sibugay. There are a total of 41 coastal villages in the six municipalities: 11 in Malangas, 4 in Buug, 6 in Kumalarang, 7 in Lapuyan, 8 in Margosatubig, and 5 in Vincenzo Sagun. The landscape and seascape have an area of 25,948 hectares (ha) and a buffer zone of 3,714.984 ha for a total of 29,662.98 ha. 5. Natural resources. The bay is endowed with considerable water resources: 29,662.98 ha of marine waters within 175.199 km of coastline. It is the exit point of three principal rivers, namely: Kumalarang River, Lapuyan River, and Sibuguey River. In addition, there are 24 minor rivers found in the different municipalities in the two provinces and utilized for domestic uses. 6. There are small and big islands found within the Dumanquillas Bay, namely: (i) Ngoyong islands under the jurisdiction of Malangas; (ii) Lapinigan Island under Buug; (iii) Cabug Big and Small Islands under the jurisdiction of the two adjacent municipalities of Kumalarang and Lapuyan; (iv) Baongbaong Island within the boundary of Lapuyan and Margosatubig; (v) Nipanipa small and big island under Margosatubig; and (vi) Triton Island under Vincenzo Sagun. 7. The landscape of the protected area is covered with brushlands and grasslands, and there are some planted coconuts owned by the tenured migrants and indigenous peoples (IPs) like the Subanen and Muslims. The bay is surrounded by mangroves, developed fishponds, and houses along the shores of the six municipalities. 8. The biological diversity and species richness in DBPLS has yet to be extensively or comprehensively surveyed. 9. Socioeconomic conditions. Majority of the population of the six municipalities in the Dumanquillas Bay are Roman Catholic (87%); other religions represented are Protestant (3%) and Islam (10%). The main language used by the local stakeholders is Visayan. Locals can also speak Tagalog and English. English is widely used in education and is well understood. Other dialects such as Chavacano, Tausug, Maguindanao, and Subanen are also spoken, mostly between family members, relatives, or neighbors belonging to the same ethnic group. 10. Resident stakeholders and businessmen from outside the area rely on the marine resources of the DBPLS for their livelihood. Around 50% of the total coastal household income is derived from marine resource extraction, 20% from business proceeds, and 10% from labor. An average household has three or four income sources, and fishing is combined with farming or animal raising and buy-and-sell. Salaries and wages contribute to 15% of household incomes, and 5% comes from animal raising, pension, and other sources. C. Methods 11. The enhanced METT questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of the DBPLS Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). It was accomplished through a facilitated workshop. Due to the limited time allotted for the assessment, review and analysis of documents and field observations did not include scoping of the area for values and threats, detailed comparative evaluation of various plans, evaluation of changes in biodiversity, ecosystem services or



METT Assessment of DBPLS on 4 February 2014 at Mardale Hotel and Convention Center, Pagadian City

economic benefits, resource evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, and assessment of authority of various stakeholders. Assessment and analysis revolved around the results of the METT and the documents submitted. Prior to the workshops, the PAMB, through the DENR, was informed by official correspondence and was provided with a list of documents needed for the workshops. 12. The METT Workshop for DBPLS was conducted on 4 February 2014 at the Mardale Hotel and Convention Center in Pagadian City. It was attended by representatives from DENR Region 9 and BFAR-PFO Pagadian; the municipalities of V. Sagun, Margosatubig, Lapuyan, Kumalarang, Buug, and Malangas; the Philippine Navy (PN) and the Philippine National Police (PNP). The names and affiliations of the participants are shown in Annex 1.

13. The total METT score was computed as the sum of all points obtained for all of the 30 questions and 15 bonus point questions. The percentage score was calculated by dividing the total score by the maximum score (30 questions x three maximum possible points = 90) and multiplying by 100. The percentage result provides an assessment of the effectiveness of the elements necessary for management. The weighted score per element was computed by adding all points obtained for all questions pertaining to each element and dividing it by the maximum score per element.



D. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

1. Significance/Values/Key Features

14. The key features of Dumanquillas Bay are its rich marine biodiversity – it is a known habitat for dugongs (Dugong dugon) and is a source of the live reef fish trade, particularly for coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). It has potential for development as a tourist destination, especially Apulit Island and Tecas Reef Marine Sanctuary, and also provides livelihood to local communities living around the bay.

2. Threats/Stressors 15. The METT respondents identified 13 high threats, 8 medium threats, and 16 low threats to DBPLS (Table 1).

Table 1: List of High, Medium, and Low Threats to DBPLS

No. High Medium Threats Low No Data Not Applicable 1 Housing and

settlement Household sewage and urban waste water Agricultural and forestry effluents Garbage and solid waste

Utilization of portions of PA for upland vegetables and other agricultural/ plantation crop farms (pollutive inputs, e.g., insecticides, pesticides); pollutants come from fishponds and rice fields Livestock farming and grazing, piggery Pathogens (non-native or native but creating new/increased problems), mostly in fishpond areas Industrial, mining, and military effluents and discharges (e.g., poor water quality discharge from dams, e.g., unnatural temperatures, lack of dissolved oxygen, other pollution), referring to mining, particularly Bayog Mining where the effluents flow from Bayog River to Kumalarang River and exiting to the DBPLS

Commercial and industrial areas Mining/quarrying Small-scale coal mining, river quarrying Annual and perennial non-timber crop cultivation

Illegal drug cultivation Roads and railroads, including road mishaps Treasure hunting/ship wreck recovery Energy generation, including from hydropower dams Oil and gas drilling Research, education, and other work-related activities in protected areas Activities of protected area managers Sewage and waste water from protected area facilities Flight paths

2 Logging and wood harvesting Illegal cutting of mangroves, mangrove charcoal making Fishing, killing and harvesting of

Marine and freshwater aquaculture Isolation from other natural habitat (e.g., deforestation, dams without effective aquatic wildlife passages), particularly referring to newly cut mangrove areas

Recreational activities and tourism Deliberate vandalism, destructive activities or threats to protected area staff and visitors Shipping lanes and canals

Introduced genetic material (e.g., genetically modified organisms)

Hunting, killing, and collecting terrestrial animals (including killing of animals as a result of human/wildlife conflict) Gathering terrestrial plants or plant products (non-timber) Wood and pulp



No. High Medium Threats Low No Data Not Applicable aquatic resources Trawling, blast fishing, and poison fishing Loss of keystone species (e.g. top predators, pollinators etc.) - Observations in Kabog Island show that there no more bats and no more crocodiles

Utility and service lines (e.g., electricity cables, telephone lines)

plantations

3 Increased fragmentation within protected area Other ‘edge effects’ on park values

War, civil unrest and military exercises, peace and order issues, extortion, piracy, robbery – under control?

Destruction of cultural heritage buildings, gardens, sites, etc. Effect of Influence groups on IP values and freedom to decide Loss of cultural links, traditional knowledge, and/or management practices Loss of support to communities and projects due to changes in political leadership

4 Habitat shifting and alteration Earthquakes/Tsunamis Erosion and siltation/ deposition

Storms and flooding

Temperature extremes Natural deterioration of important cultural site values Droughts, avalanches/ landslides Invasive non-native/alien animals

Invasive non-native/alien plants

Airborne pollutants Volcanoes Excess energy Fire, including arson

3. Context

16. The DBPLS was proclaimed on 10 August 1999 by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No.158, issued by then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada. The score for context was 2.2%.



4. Planning (Table 2)

17. There is an agreed set of management objectives for the DBPLS and an existing management plan that was prepared through a participatory process. However, the DBPLS is not managed according to the agreed objectives, and the management plan is not yet being implemented. Respondents also said that there are inadequacies in the protected area design that make the achievement of the major objectives difficult, but some mitigating actions are being taken.

18. Some regulations for controlling land use and activities in the protected area exist, but there are major weaknesses in the implementation of these regulations (Table 2). In addition, adjacent land and water use planning do not take into account the long-term needs of the protected area, but activities are not detrimental to the area. There is no regular work and financial plan for the management of the DBPLS. The score for planning was 5.6%.

Table 2: METT Responses on Planning

Item No. Score Criteria 2. Protected areas regulation 1 Some regulations for controlling land use and activities in the

protected area exist, but these are major weaknesses. 4. Protected area objectives 1 The protected area has agreed objectives, but is not

managed according to these objectives. 5. Protected area design 1 Inadequacies in protected area design mean that

achievement of major objectives is difficult, but some mitigating actions are being taken.

7. Management plan 1 A management plan has been prepared, but is not being implemented.

7a. Bonus item 1 The planning process allows adequate opportunity for key stakeholders to influence the management plan.

8. Regular Work and Financial Plan 0 No regular work plan exists. 21. Planning for adjacent land and

water use 1 Adjacent land and water use planning does not take into

account the long-term needs of the protected area, but activities are not detrimental to the area.

5. Input (Table 3)

19. The DBPLS Protected Area Office (PAO) does not have any staff other than the Protected Area Superintendent (PASu). There are no equipment and facilities for the management needs of DBPLS. The PAO has no effective capacity and resources to enforce protected area legislation and regulations. The DENR provides regular budget allocation for PA operations but it is inadequate for basic management needs and presents a serious constraint to the capacity in the management of DBPLS. The PA has no income as although fees are theoretically applied, no fees are actually collected. There is little of no information available on the critical habitats, species and cultural values in the DBPLS. The score obtained for Input was 2.2%.

Table 3: METT Responses on Input Item No. Score Criteria

3. Law enforcement 0 The staff has no effective capacity/resources to enforce protected area legislation and regulations

9. Resource inventory 1 There is little or no information available on the critical habitats, species and cultural values of the protected area.



Item No. Score Criteria 13. Staff number 0 There is no staff. 14. Staff training 0 Staff lack the skills needed for protected area management. 15. Current budget 1 The available budget is inadequate for basic management

needs and presents a serious constraint to the capacity to manage.

16. Security of budget 0 There is no secure budget for the protected area and management is wholly reliant on outside or highly variable funding.

18. Equipment 0 There are little or no equipment and facilities for management needs.

29. Fees 0 Although fees are theoretically applied, they are not collected.

6. Process (Table 4) 20. The boundary of the DBPLS is not yet known by the management authority, local residents, and neighboring users. In terms of resource management and protection, very few of the requirements for active management of critical habitats, species, ecological processes and cultural values are being implemented. Protection systems are only partially effective in controlling access/resource use. Management of budget for DBPLS operations is adequate but could be improved. There is little or no maintenance of equipment and facilities. Local communities directly participate in all relevant decisions relating to the management of DBPLS. There is open communication and trust between local people, stakeholders, and the LGU. Programs to enhance community welfare, while conserving protected area resources, are being implemented. Local communities directly contribute to some relevant decisions relating to management but their involvement could be improved. There is contact between DBPLS PAMB/PAO and neighboring official or corporate water users but they have little or no cooperation. There is little or no contact between DBPLS PAMB/PAO and tourism operators using the protected area. There is no education and awareness program in the DBPLS, no survey and research work taking place, and no monitoring and evaluation (M&E). The score for process was 12.2%.

Table 5: METT Responses on Process

Item No. Score Criteria

6. Protected area boundary demarcation

1 The boundary of the protected area is not known by the management authority or local residents/neighboring land users.

10. Protection systems 1 Protection systems are only partially effective in controlling access/resource use.

11. Research 0 There is no survey or research work taking place in the protected area.

12. Resource management 1 Very few of the requirements for active management of critical habitats, species, ecological processes, and cultural values are being implemented.

17. Management of budget 2 Budget management is adequate but could be improved. 19. Maintenance of equipment 0 There is little or no maintenance of equipment and

facilities. 20. Education and awareness 0 There is no education and awareness program. 22. State and commercial

neighbors 1 There is contact between managers and neighboring

official or corporate land and water users but little or no cooperation.



Item No. Score Criteria

23. Indigenous people 3 Indigenous and traditional peoples directly participate in all relevant decisions relating to management, e.g., co-management.

24. Local communities 2 Local communities directly contribute to some relevant decisions relating to management, but their involvement could be improved.

24a. Bonus item 1 There is open communication and trust between local and/or indigenous people, stakeholders, and protected area managers

24b. Bonus item 1 Programs to enhance community welfare, while conserving protected area resources, are being implemented.

26. Monitoring and evaluation 0 There is no monitoring and evaluation in the protected area.

28. Commercial tourism operators

0 There is little or no contact between managers and tourism operators using the protected area.

7. Output (Table 5)

21. There are no visitor facilities and services in DBPLS. These visitor facilities and services are provided by the private sector. The score for output is 0%.

Table 5: METT Responses on OUTPUT

Item No. Score Criteria 27. Visitor facilities 0 There are no visitor facilities and services despite an

identified need.

8. Outcome (Table 6) 22. DBPLS is a rich fishing ground. Respondents said that there is a major flow of economic benefits to local communities from activities associated with DBPLS. In terms of values being conserved, the respondents said that some biodiversity, ecological, and cultural values are being partially degraded, but the most important values have not been significantly impacted. The score obtained for outcome was 5.6%.

Table 6: METT Responses on Outcome

Item No. Score Criteria 25. Economic benefit 3 There is a major flow of economic benefits to local

communities from activities associated with the protected area.

30. Condition of values 2 Some biodiversity, ecological, and cultural values are being partially degraded, but the most important values have not been significantly impacted.

9. Summary of METT Results

23. The overall METT score for DBPLS, as of the assessment conducted on 4 February 2014, was 31.1% (Table 7). The greatest strength in the management of the area is the strong participation and support of the local communities for the management of DBPLS.



The DBPLS PAMB and PAO need capacity building in management, law enforcement, and M&E, as well as resources for mobilization and management operations.

Table 7: Summary of METT Results, 4 February 2014

Elements METT Results Context 2.2 Planning 5.6 Input 2.2 Process 12.2 Output 0.0 Outcome 5.6

Subtotal 27.8 Bonus Points 3.3 Total Percentage Rating

31.1



Annex 1

LIST OF METT WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS No. Name Position /Organization

1. Cidur S. Julsadjiri Chief, PAWD 2. Elsy I. Milana PAS Chief 3. Alicia C. Dimaporo PASu-DBPLS 4. Neneth Ordoño Chief, CMMD 5. Donald F. Cenabre Staff

BFAR 6. Al-zath Kunting PFO Pagadian 7. Romulo T. Mariño Staff

V. Sagun LGU 8. Meriline Locson MPDC

Margosatubig LGU 9. Rolian T. Aluyen Bgy. Captain

Lapuyan LGU 10. Daylinda Sulong Mayor 11. Engr. Philip I. Manghay MPDC, LGU-Lapuyan 12. Agustina A. Sol MAO 13. Baharuddin R. Baloang Punong Barangay,

Pampang 14. Salih G. Nasser Punong Barangay

Kumalarang LGU 15. Alel E. Tabiado LGU MPDC 16. Marjorie L. Pandin IP Representative

Buug LGU 17. Jerome M. Reales Councilor 18. Abdul Dimaragka Bgy. Captain, Pamintayan 19. Jean Sipin MPDC Representative

Malangas LGU 20. 21. Elpidio T. Potayre MPDO 22. Romeo P. Yape MA 23. Solomon L. Aying Jr. Punong Barangay,

Poblacion, Malangas 24. Eliseo C. Eztaño P.O. President

Philippine Navy 25. ET JS Kingking PN Philippine Navy 26. LTJG BG Magura PN Philippine Navy 27. QM3 XR Salac PN Philippine Navy

Philippine National Police 28. PO1 WT Pardilco PC6 CMEA 29. SM1 AJ Diman PC6

APPENDIX 11:

Youth Camp on Climate Change

Adaptation and Coastal

Resource Management:

Training Report

MMM

APPENDIX 11: YOUTH CAMP ON CCA AND CRM Page 1

Thirty-five young leaders of the Heroes of the Environment Youth Camp pose for a picture by the shores of Taytay Bay after a participatory coastal resource appraisal activity.

YOUTH CAMP ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Taylelong’s Pension House, Taytay, Palawan, 28 February – 2 March 2014

TRAINING REPORT A. Introduction 1. The Bayani ng Kalikasan (Heroes of the Environment) Youth Camp on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Coastal and Marine Resources Management (CMRM) was conducted by RETA 7813 in partnership with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), the Department of Education (DepEd)–MIMAROPA1, and the Office of the Mayor of the municipality of Taytay, Palawan from 28 February–2 March 2014. The objectives of the activity were to: (i) increase awareness of participants and enhance their understanding of basic concepts in CCA and CMRM; (ii) mobilize participants to carry out practical and cost-effective environmental activities in their school or community on CCA and CMRM with an information, education, and communication (IEC) component; (iii) develop linkages among youth groups from different schools to facilitate the implementation of youth-centered CCA and CMRM initiatives, especially those of RETA 7813; and (iv) launch the CTI story writing contest among high schools in Taytay. 2. A total of 40 participants from five high schools registered for the camp, including five teacher-advisers (1 male, 4 female) and 35 student leaders from Grades 8 and 9. Five students were from Busy Bees National High School, seven from Calawag National High School, five from Canique National High School, eight from Pamantolon National High School, and ten from Central Taytay National High School. Roughly 65% of those who registered were females.

1 Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan



3. The resource persons were Mr. Raul Roldan, Philippine PMU Deputy Team Leader (DTL); Dr. Benjamin Gonzales, Philippine CMRM Specialist; Mr. Roger Savella, Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Coordinator for Marine Areas; and Ms. Lourdes Margarita Caballero, Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist. Ms. Jessica Muñoz, Director of the BFAR Project Management Office (PMO), also served as a resource person for the discussion on climate change and adaptation. Ms. Editha Torrente, Education Program Supervisor, Science Secondary, DepEd–MIMAROPA served as one of the panelists during the presentation of environmental campaign proposals. RETA KM Assistants, Mr. Angelo Jose Lumba and Ms. Dana Rose Salonoy, served as facilitators for CRM-themed camp activities. 4. The subproject is the first leg of a four-part integrated information and communication (IEC) campaign composed of the following: (i) Youth Camp; (ii) Teacher’s Camp; (iii) Public Awareness Drive; and (iv) Story-writing Contest. It falls under Sub-activity 4.10 of the approved 2013 RETA work and financial plan for the Philippines, which is the implementation of selected CCA activities, and is one among the priority strategies identified in the CCA Plan of Taytay municipality. It aims to address Goal 4 (CCA) of the Regional Plan of Action (RPOA). C. Lectures and Activities 5. Administrative Officer Robinson Morales from the Office of the Mayor delivered the welcome message on behalf of Hon. Romy Salvame, Mayor of the municipality of Taytay. He acknowledged that the event was the first of its kind to be conducted in the municipality and thanked the organizers. He also encouraged the young participants to step up and lead their peers, as well as older generations, towards conservation initiatives for their own barangays. In line with this, he recognized the ability of young people to initiate change despite their young age and believed that they are the hope of their municipality and nation. Finally, he told the participants that at the end of the camp, he hopes that they will become changed people and real heroes of the environment. 6. The RETA KM Assistants discussed the team assignments, the host team and student marshall schedules, general camp rules and regulations, as well as the program flow. The teams comprised of students from different schools to encourage interaction and camaraderie among schools. 7. The Philippine DTL introduced the Coral Triangle and ADB RETA 7813 including the history of the CTI-CFF, its member countries, and the goals of the initiative. He also briefly discussed the regional, national, and local activities being implemented under the RETA, as well as the project sites in the Philippines. 8. The KM Assistants facilitated the first team activity, which is resource mapping. It is a simple drawing activity that aimed to determine the level of awareness of participants regarding natural resources in their area. It also served as a pre-activity for the next day’s main activity, which was transect walk and mapping. The students illustrated the natural resources available in their chosen localities on Manila paper using crayons and markers.

A student from Canique National High School explains their team’s resource map.



9. The Philippine CMRM Specialist lectured on the coastal and marine environment and resources. He discussed the different marine coastal habitats, specifically mangroves, sea grass, and coral reef ecosystems, its connectivity, and importance. The second lecture was on local endangered marine species where the definitions and differences among endangered, threatened, vulnerable, and extinct species were explained and examples were given. Reasons for extinction and why species become endangered, as well as the Endangered Species Act were also discussed. 10. In between the lectures, the KM Assistants facilitated the Introductory Game to Overfishing, a group quiz bee based on the lecture on coastal and marine environment and resources, and the Local Endangered Species Game. The overfishing game simulated this practice and fishing of juvenile affected fish stock. The teams identified “fisher” representatives for each round, who fished plastic fish toys in a wash basin, for each one-minute fishing round. Fishing of juveniles is equal to one point only while fishing of mature fish is equal to three points. After every round, the fish stock was replenished with one juvenile and one mature fish being taken away. Each team’s “catch” determined their scores for each round. When dynamite was randomly thrown in the wash basin, the fish stock is replenished with two mature fishes and two juveniles. On the other hand, five fishes will be removed from the stock for replenishment after the dynamite round. The team with the most number of mature fishes caught won the game. This was followed by a short film show using some clips from French nature documentary, Oceans, by Jacques Perrin and Jacques Cluzaud. 11. The KBA Coordinator discussed basic fisheries and environmental laws. The lecture focused on the Fisheries Code of 1998 (RA 8550), its aims, objectives, and provisions. That was followed by a thorough discussion of prohibited acts, including: (i) unauthorized fishing or engaging in other unauthorized fisheries activities (Sec. 86.); (ii) unauthorized fishing by commercial fishing vessel (Sec. 86, par. 3); (iii) unauthorized commercial fishing within municipal waters (Sec. 86, par. 5); (iv) poaching in Philippine waters (Sec. 87); and (v) fishing through explosives, noxious or poisonous substance and/or electricity (Sec. 88); among others. Fisheries Administrative Orders (FAOs) were also discussed, namely: FAO 193 s.1998, or the ban on whale shark and manta rays; and FAO 185 s.1992, or the ban on dolphins, whales, and porpoises. Other relevant legislation were also discussed, such as the Wildlife Resources and Conservation Protection Act (RA 9147), the Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275), and the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003). 12. During the review and reflection session, students wrote about the topic that was most interesting to them as well as questions and

Mr. Raul Roldan, Philippine Deputy Leader for CTI-SEA joins Team 1 during Review and Reflection.

Students from Canique National High School observe species present in rock crevices during the transect walk along the shores of Taytay Bay.



clarifications regarding the lectures. The lecturers and facilitators discussed these per group. Fourteen students found fishery laws to be the most interesting topic, 12 students said that the most interesting topic was endangered species, while 8 students identified coral reef and marine ecosystems and mangroves as most interesting. The students asked for further discussion on fishery laws, specifically those related to shellfish and foreign fisheries, the connectivity of terrestrial and marine species, and RETA 7813. 13. Day 1 concluded with a Bonfire Night with snacks and creative group and individual presentations performed by schools and students around a bonfire. This activity aimed to build camaraderie among participants and provide an avenue for fellowship and building of linkages among schools. D. Highlights of the Youth Camp 14. The Philippine DTL and the BFAR-PMO Director led the Transect Walk, a participatory coastal resource appraisal activity, during Day 2 of the camp. The participants walked from the camp area all the way to the shores of Taytay Bay and observed the community and land and coastal resources, and their distribution, use, practices, and problems. The activity helped the students to sharpen their observation skills for collecting information, provide an overall view of the area, and identify issues that need to be addressed. 15. The participants prepared transect diagrams based on their observations from the transect walk. The diagrams provided the participants the advantage to study habitat management parameters (e.g., natural resources, types of livelihood and livelihood opportunities, and problems or issues) in lowland, mangrove, beach, tidal flat, seagrass bed, reef, and deepwater areas. The schools gave a 10-minute presentation of their Transect Walk Diagrams, which were used as basis for the development of their project proposals. The presentations enabled the RETA 7813 to learn local knowledge regarding available resources and existing flora and fauna in different municipalities. Anecdotes, observations regarding past and present environmental situations, actual experiences on climate effects were shared. 16. The lecture on Climate Change Effects, Impacts, Adaptation and Policies included the vulnerability of the Philippines under climate change threats, specifically the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems. The impacts of climate change on water supplies, food security, ecosystems, health, and coasts and coastal communities were also discussed. Other topics included strategies to address climate change through governance, capacity development, vulnerability reduction, research and development, and financing. Policies discussed included the Climate Change Act (RA 9729), the Philippine Disaster Risk Management Act (RA 10121) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Finally, the participants were encouraged to share the common responsibility of protecting and conserving resources and the environment. 17. The KM Specialist delivered a lecture on preparing a project proposal. She discussed the rationale behind writing a proposal, its components, guidelines, strategies, and recommendations on how to write it. This lecture served as introduction for the participants in writing environmental campaign proposals that address specific issues or challenges in their municipalities. The teacher-advisers, lecturers, and facilitators guided the participants during the preparation of proposals. The exercise also served as synthesis for all camp lectures and activities as well as main output.



Students from Canique National High School and teacher-adviser Mr. Berlito S. Lopez receive recognition for best project proposal.

18. On Day 3, the schools presented their activity proposals, which were commented upon by the Philippine DTL, CMRM Specialist, KM Specialist, and KBA Coordinator for CTI-SEA, the BFAR-PMO Director, and the Education Program Supervisor for Science Secondary of DepEd–MIMAROPA. Busy Bees, Canique, and Pamantolon National High Schools proposed the conduct of mangrove reforestation projects in their municipalities, Calawag National High School will execute a solid waste management program in their school, and Central Taytay National High School will initiate both a mangrove reforestation and a solid waste management program in their barangay. The criteria for judging were:

• Creativity (20%): Project concept is unique, e.g., it presents an innovative solution or approach; focuses on stakeholders that have traditionally been underrepresented; promotes the use of new methods or technology; or has high potential to inspire its stakeholders to be more interested in environmental stewardship;

• Feasibility (40%): Project goals are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound); methodology is clear and includes monitoring;

• Relevance (30%): Project is related to workshop topics and is responsive to a specific community issue; and

• Audience impact (10%): Persuasive oral presentation. 19. The averages of the school proposals were as follows: Busy Bees National High School (84%), Calawag National High School (86%), Canique National High School (93.5%), Central Taytay National High School (84.5%), and Pamantolon National High School (89%). The participants from Canique National High School, who proposed the establishment of a mangrove nursery in their municipality, received the highest average rating. RETA 7813 will provide each team with start-up funding of P10,000, as well as guidance during proposal improvement and implementation within the next 12 months. Panel comments to all school proposals have been sent through mail and courier. The submission of improved proposals will be on 31 March 2014.



20. The Education Program Supervisor for Science Secondary of DepEd–MIMAROPA and Mr. Berlito S. Lopez, teacher-adviser from Canique National High School, shared their impressions during the closing remarks. The camp concluded with the pinning, distribution of certificates, and awarding ceremonies, as well as evaluation. 21. The results of the evaluation were as follows:

• Almost 89% (31) felt that the aims of the training were clearly explained, with 83%

(29) believing that the training objectives were attained. With regard to the duration of the training course, 67% (23) said that the duration was just right.

• As to the relevance of the lectures and practical activities to the training objectives, 97% (34) said that all were relevant. The same number also believed that the lectures and practical activities were logically sequenced.

• As to the quality of instruction offered by the speakers, 100% (35) said it was good, 97% (34) said that the speakers were knowledgeable about their topics. For the overall effectiveness of the speakers, 83% (29) said they were very good.

• Food was rated as very good by 83% (29) of the participants. Supplies and materials were also rated as very good by 77% (27), while overall coordination was rated as very good by 83% (29) of the participants.

• 86% (30) said that their expectations of the training were met. As to their overall assessment of the training, 91% (32) said it was very good.

22. A 10-item multiple choice exam sheet for pre-test and post-test was used to assess the knowledge gained by the participants. The pre-test results averaged approximately 6 correct answers out of 10. While post-test results averaged approximately 8 correct answers out of 10, equivalent to a 33.33% perceived increase in level of knowledge among the participants.


APPENDIX 12:

Vulnerability Assessment

Workshop Report

MMM

APPENDIX 12: VA WORKSHOP REPORT Page 1

PRESENTATION OF INITIAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT RESULTS TO BALABAC LGUs

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, 14 February 2014

WORKSHOP REPORT A. Highlights 1. A workshop was conducted at the AA Plaza Hotel in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan on 14 February 2014 to: (i) provide barangay and municipal LGUs with a background on climate change, its impacts, and adaptation measures that can be integrated into local development plans; (ii) present for validation the initial results of the vulnerability assessment (VA) that was conducted in the most hazard-prone areas of Balabac municipality in 2013; (iii) solicit additional information from participating barangays on climate change-influenced occurrences in their localities; and (iv) discuss other related RETA concerns.

2. The workshop had 30 participants consisting of 18 barangay officials (mostly barangay captains), municipal officers including the Municipal Agriculturist and Planning and Coordinating Officer, and LGU staff who served as the Secretariat. Representing the project were Dr. Candido Cabrido Jr., national Climate Change Specialist; Mr. Roger Savella, KBA Coordinator; and Mr. Raul G. Roldan, Philippine Deputy Team Leader (DTL). 3. Balabac Mayor Shuaib Astami welcomed all the participants and took note of the importance of the workshop in view of the devastation wrought by Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 in the Visayas as well as in Coron, Northern Palawan. He stressed the need for disaster preparedness and encouraged the barangay officials to include adaptation strategies, as well as the relevant VA results, in their development programs. He also thanked the ADB-RETA for sponsoring this important activity. 4. Dr. Cabrido delivered an introductory lecture on climate change, explaining the principles behind tsunamis, sea level rise, and storm surges. He likewise gave a background on the VA study on Balabac’s most hazard-prone areas, showing as basis, the municipality’s flood map and a geo-hazard map obtained from Project NOAH of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). An important part of the lecture was the checklist of strategies that can be applied, by type of climate change impact, which can be directly included in the disaster preparedness plans of the barangays. He gave practical tips, e.g., where to situate structures such as evacuation centers, schools, office buildings in relation to the presence of fault lines, site topography, or proximity to the coastlines and what can be done to mitigate storm surge impacts and landslides, e.g., retrofitting of structures and mangrove planting. He explained that the VA results will have to undergo geographic information system (GIS) processing, which will take around 3-4 months because of the large number of questionnaires (670). The processed data will be presented to the LGU and serve as the basis for the formulation of the Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Plan and Disaster and Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Plan. 5. The barangay captain of Poblacion 4 shared that his barangay is always affected by flooding; however, his area was not included among the sites surveyed. It was explained by Dr. Cabrido that there are study sites that are very similar to Poblacion 4, which could be a source of information in the preparation of barangay-specific CCA plans. Also, a workshop will be conducted later in the afternoon to generate additional information from all barangays represented in order to firm up the survey results collected from the six study sites.


APPENDIX 12: VA WORKSHOP REPORT Page 2

6. Mr. Savella presented the fisheries component of the VA survey using the Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (TURF), an application-based survey tool that seeks to evaluate the impacts of climate change on coastal habitats and fisheries using a scoring system. From the survey results, majority of Balabac respondents said that although the municipality is rich in resources, these are no longer in good condition. Average fish catch has gone done, averaging 3-8 kg per fishing trip, depending on the gear type. The perception of respondents is that overall coral cover is only 44% (fair) and only 10% of reef fishes remain. Around 45% said that they are catching smaller fish compared to that in the past. Some 80% said that their gears are movable or can be transferred to a new site in the event of flooding or storm surges. 7. Mr. Roldan presented a background on the RETA as well as the 2014 activities slated for Balabac for the benefit of newly elected barangay officers. One of the priorities for the municipality is the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) for reef fishes and marine turtles. Several officials offered their barangays to be the site of the MPAs. It was explained that the selection will consider not just the biodiversity of the area but also the capability of local officials and communities to manage and protect the MPAs. The sites recommended for marine turtle protection were Nasubatan, Kandaraman, Onuk Island, and Sicam. The Sicam barangay captain pointed to the urgent need to protect the nesting grounds in his barangay because of the large number of adult turtles and the high incidence of poaching and trading. He added that 120 turtles caught by poachers were confiscated recently. Presently, Balabac has no existing MPA. 8. The Municipal Agriculturist asked for the status of RETA 9160 or the livelihood support for Balabac, which was supposed to have started in 2013. The DTL explained that ADB has repeatedly advertised for interested parties to implement the project but so far, only one NGO has submitted its expression of interest to ADB. It was further clarified that RETA 7813 has partnered with the Department of Social Work and Development (DSWD) through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed in 2013, which will allow the RETA to provide limited livelihood support to coastal communities under DSWD’s Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP). 9. In response to requests by barangay officials, the DTL explained that RETA 7813 will not provide patrol boats or infrastructure as this is not part of the project design. However, barangay-level coastal resource management (CRM) training will be scheduled in 2014, which will include law enforcement as one of its main components. 10. As a final activity, a workshop was conducted involving the 18 barangays present. A questionnaire patterned after the 2013 survey form was developed by Dr. Cabrido, who asked the barangay officials to respond to the questions based on their experience and recall. The questions basically focused on climate change-induced occurrences in their areas and on assessing the level of awareness of the barangays vis-a-vis climate change impacts. The results will be added to the existing database developed from the 2013 questionnaires. 11. In the closing program, several barangay officials expressed their appreciation to the project for organizing the workshop and making an effort to involve all the barangays including remote ones, such as Mangsee. The Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (MPDC), Ms. Amy Abrio, likewise pointed to the very good timing of the workshop since the barangays and the municipality are in the process of preparing their disaster preparedness plans. Dr. Cabrido said that another workshop will be scheduled once the GIS processing is completed in order for the Balabac LGUs to validate the VA results.


APPENDIX 13:

Monitoring Report on the

Rice Project and

Seaweed Culture

MMM

APPENDIX 13: MONITORING REPORT OF THE RICE PROJECTS AND SEAWEED CULTURE Page 1


PILOT TESTING OF SALINE RICE VARIETIES AND SEAWEED CULTURE PROJECT IN TAYTAY, PALAWAN: STATUS REPORT

1. Farming of salt-tolerant rice varieties in Sitio Quilala, Poblacion, Taytay Palawan. A field trial of saline rice varieties, Salinas 1 and 9, was conducted in Sitio Quilala, Bgy. Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan. More than one hectare (1.2 ha) of salt-affected rice fields was used for the field trial of the transplanting and broadcasting methods. Using the transplanting method, 16 kg of Salinas 9 and four kg of Salinas 1 were used for the field trial. Sowing was done on 20 January 2014 for Salinas 9 and on 27 January 2014 for Salinas 1. There was a difference of one week in the sowing schedule because Salinas 9 has a slightly longer culture period than Salinas 1. The sown seeds were transplanted on 10 February 2014 for Salinas 9 and on 17 February 2014 for Salinas 1. The Salinas 9 transplanted seedlings were 49 days on 31 March 2014, while Salinas 1 seedlings were 42 days old on the same date. For comparison, the farmer-cooperator tried another method of culture, i.e., direct seeding or broadcasting method. The broadcasting method was done on 31 January 2014 using 40 kg of Salinas 9 variety. Both the seedlings of transplanted and broadcasting method showed impressive growth performance and are expected to be harvested in the second week of May 2014. 2. Seaweed project in Canique, Taytay, Palawan. As of January 2014, the United Seaweed Farmers’ Association in Barangay, Canique, Taytay, Palawan had P5,555 cash on hand from selling the dried seaweeds they harvested last quarter (Oct-Dec 2013). The association also has 400 kg of seedlings presently cultured in the area. These seedlings will be rolled out for the large-scale production of seaweeds during the peak planting season from March to June 2014. The cash on hand will be used for the purchase of additional supplies (ropes, floaters) and planting materials to augment the 400 kg presently maintained by the organization. The people’s organization (PO) also rented a new seaweed planting area for the proposed expansion of operations. For every kg sold, one peso will go to the owner as rental for the culture area. 3. Seaweed project in Pamantolon, Taytay, Palawan. The Pamantolon Small Seaweeds Community Farmers Association had P7,270 cash on hand from the sale of dried seaweeds. Presently, the organization has 30 rolls (30 m/roll) of seedlings (approximately 500 kg) presently cultured in the area. These seedlings will be rolled out for mass production of seaweeds in the next quarter to take advantage of the good weather and lucrative price (P74/kg of dried seaweed in March 2014). Part of the organization’s cash on hand will be utilized for the purchase of additional seedlings this coming peak season to supplement the existing 500 kg. This PO was given support by the project under the on-going partnership between PRIMEX and the Department of Social Work and Development (DSWD)’s Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP).

APPENDIX 14:

Scoping Visit: Report of the

Sustainable Financing

Specialist

MMM

APPENDIX 14: SCOPING VISIT REPORT OF THE SF SPECIALIST Page 1

REPORT ON THE SCOPING VISIT OF THE SUSTAINABLE FINANCING SPECIALIST Taytay, Palawan, 10-13 March 2014

A. Participating Project Personnel

Mr. Guillermo Morales, Team Leader, RPMO Dr. Lope Calanog, Sustainable Financing (SF) Specialist/Resource Economist, RPMO Dr. Benjamin Gonzales, CMRM Specialist, Philippine PMU Mr. Roger Savella, KBA Coordinator, Philippine PMU

B. Mission Objectives 1. The three-day mission in Taytay, Palawan was undertaken principally to:

• formally introduce and inform key officials, authorities, and stakeholders about RETA 7813, particularly the specific activities that will be undertaken in Taytay;

• consult and verify with concerned officials, authorities, and stakeholders the applicability and feasibility of the proposed payment for ecosystem services (PES) subproject and the specific PES scheme to be adopted, i.e., what specific ecosystem service/s (ES) will be utilized, who will be the ES providers and buyers, and what will be the PES arrangement, including institutional mechanism, to be applied and pilot-tested;

• determine the extent of revisions to be made on the ADB-approved PES capsule proposal (CP) and make the corresponding revisions, if necessary; and

• redefine the PES project’s work and financial plan following the revisions of the CP.

C. Background 2. One of the major component activities of RETA 7813 will involve broadening the sources of funding and increasing current investments and allocations for marine protected area (MPA) management in the CT3 countries. The RETA will work with CTI stakeholders in coastal and marine resources management (CMRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA), specifically in coastal villages in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME). The RETA will identify appropriate SF strategies and design SF mechanisms including, but not limited to, PES and PES-like instruments. The strategies may include the imposition of users’ fees, levies, and surcharges; setting up of trust funds (endowment, sinking, or revolving funds); and grants from GEF, international and bilateral agencies, private corporations, or large international or national NGOs. 3. In the Philippines, the target site for the SF study, particularly the recently ADB-approved capsule proposal on Design and Pilot-Testing of PES, will be in Taytay, Palawan. Thus, in early March 2014, the RPMO Team Leader and SF Specialist, together with two Philippine technical consultants, went to Taytay and undertook a scoping mission1 to lay the foundation for the smooth implementation of this newly approved project. D. Report on Field Activities 4. Day 1, 10 March 2014. The scoping mission left Manila early in the morning for Puerto Princesa. They picked up Dr. Ben Gonzales, CMRM Specialist, at the Western Philippine University, where he currently reaches, and headed directly to Taytay.

1 The scoping mission actually fulfills the Step 1 approach in developing a PES deal or project.



5. The Team was scheduled to meet with Mayor Romy L. Salvame during the first day of the mission, but due to an urgent meeting, he was represented by the Municipal Administrator, Mr. Robinson P. Morales. 6. The Team Leader, Mr. Guillermo Morales, introduced the members of the scoping mission and likewise took the opportunity to formally introduce the RETA to the municipal authorities. He narrated that the project had a long-term gestation, period tvhat started in 2007 and was only approved in 2009. However, actual implementation commenced only in 2012, after a series of administrative and logistical hurdles. In Taytay, the focus of the RETA interventions are: (i) assistance in the establishment of MPAs; (ii) provision of livelihood interventions like seaweed farming and culture of abalone; (iii) climte change adaptation (CCA) through the introduction of salt- tolerant rice varieties planted near the mangrove areas; and (iv) revenue generation through the implementation of a PES subproject. 7. Dr. Lope Calanog, international SF Specialist, provided a brief explanation on how this subproject will be implemented. Key to PES would be the identification of feasible ES, which will be the subject of payment or financing system. While the Municipal Administrator also identified fishing as a possible ES, he opined that tourism would be more feasible given the following considerations:

• Taytay serves as the stopover destination for tourists coming from Puerto Princesa en route to El Nido. They spend a little time roaming the historical Fort Isabel and use this as platform for viewing the serene Taytay Bay.

• The municipality has islands that can easily qualify as world-class tourist destinations like Apulit Island,2 Flower, Pabellon (Pavilion), Quimbaludan, Tecas, Denot Islands, and others.

• Unlike El Nido municipality, Taytay has the capacity to supply the food requirements of big resort facilities like rice, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables. At present, El Nido is dependent on Taytay for these food supplies.

• Taytay will soon renovate its airport and ferry facilities to provide easy access to tourists. This is certainly an advantage as this will reduce travel time and cost that tourists incur.

• Other support facilities are available to ensure the health, safety, recreation, and other needs of tourists.

8. The Municipal Administrator expressed reluctance to work with the present Apulit Island Resort (AIR) management3 because of some sad experiences:

• Local fishers are now barred from fishing within the 1.0-km radius of Apulit Island, which was the subject of an agreement with the previous municipal administration. The present administration, however, refuses to recognize the agreement, which resulted in some misunderstanding between the local administration and the AIR management.

• Other islands like Flower and Pavilion are also declared inaccessible to local tourists and communities.

2 Apulit Island houses the world-class Apulit Island Resort. 3 Apulit Island Resort used to be owned and managed by Club Noah Isabelle; now it is owned and operated by El

Nido Resorts in partnership with the Ayala Foundation. El Nido Resorts is currently comprised of Miniloc Island Resort and Lagen Island Resort in El Nido, Apulit Island Resort in Taytay, and the newly opened eco-luxury property, Pangulasian Island Resort in El Nido.



• Participation in the coastal clean-up by AIR as a form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not enough. Taytay officials feel that they need to perform/ provide more than this given the benefits they generate from the island and the municipality in general.

• The AIR management does not patronize the local food products of Taytay; instead, they buy food from the outside and bring them to the island.

• The number of local residents employed in the resort has been reduced, and now only comprised less than10% of the total number of guests.

• AIR refuses to pay the corresponding taxes to Taytay, and instead, claim that they are paying their taxes in Makati where their office is located.

9. After the courtesy call cum meeting with the Municipal Administrator, the Team proceeded to the Municipal Tourism Office at Fort Isabel and met with Tourism Officer, Vicente T. Azurin, Jr. 10. Mr. Azurin recommended that necessary measures should be put in place first before pursuing tourism (as ES) under the PES. 11. First, there should be continuing “political support” from the authorities. Right now, he is quite comfortable with the present administration, and he hopes that this will continue. Local ordinance on “setback” needs to be passed to avoid abuse and other destructive activities in tourist areas. 12. Second, the municipal office should formulate a more comprehensive Tourism Master Plan to guide future tourism development. What they have right now is merely an outline of a tourism plan, with no specifics and details yet. 13. Third, the municipality is rich in other tourism products and services in addition to existing island destinations. For instance, Lake Manguao (also known to some as Lake Danao) can easily be developed into an eco-destination with water-based recreational activities like kayaking, boating, fishing, etc. Other areas can also be developed for bird watching, nature walks, fauna encounter (with the monkeys), lakeshore tours, agritourism, etc. There are also local crafts, foods, and delicacies that can be sold to tourists, which can easily augment local livelihood and other income generating activities. 14. Fourth, the local authorities should also improve their relationship with the private sector; they shouldn’t be seen as competitors, but instead, as partners in development. 15. The first day of scoping mission was capped by a very brief encounter with the Mayor’s Executive Assistant, Mr. Mark Pleyto, who also expressed support for tourism development. He believed that to fast-track the development of this sector, it should be done as a public-private partnership (PPP). He also expressed optimism that tourism will work under the PES scheme. He shared the other involvements of the municipality in environment-related projects like the ongoing biodiversity inventory. 16. Day 2, 11 March 2014. The next day, the team was scheduled to have a tour of the islands and do a brief reconnaissance survey. Unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate; strong winds made cruising to the islands dangerous. Hence, it was decided to forego the plan and, instead, proceed to the project site in Sitio Quilala in Poblacion Taytay, where the salt-tolerant rice varieties planted in a one-ha rice field beside a mangrove area are being tested as a form of CCA scheme. The Team met with Mr. Rey San Jose, the project cooperator, who



expressed optimism on the outcome of the project. He is certain that he will have a good harvest, which could provide ample supply of salt-tolerant seeds to cover more farmer-cooperators who are utilizing adjacent mangrove areas for rice production. 17. From Sitio Quilala, the Team went to the Municipal Health Office (MHO) and met with the Health Officer, Dr. Dan A. del Rosario. The Team Leader again introduced the team members and presented the scope and objectives of the RETA. 18. Dr. del Rosario welcomed the use of tourism for PES and reiterated some of Taytay’s advantages in doing so:

• Taytay is the seat of the Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital (NPPH), which could easily provide first-aid health services to tourists during emergency situations.

• The Health Office practices a sanitary permitting system that assures quality and clean food in restaurants and in other food service facilities.

• They have a solid waste management system in place, although not yet fully functional. Some improvements are still needed, but this is a good start in the proper handling of solid wastes.

• So far, no outbreak of dreaded and/or contagious diseases has ever been reported in Taytay.

19. From the MHO, the Team moved to NPPH. The Team had a very fruitful conversation with Mr. Dennis Abacial, the Provincial Health Officer, who used to be the Manager of the Apulit Island Resort (for eight years) during the Club Noah Isabelle days. He resigned his post when the new management of Apulit Island took over. Mr. Abacial narrated that there is now a big change in the operations in AIR based on feedback from local people who are still working in the resort. Some of these changes are actually reiteration of earlier information gathered from the Municipal Administrator:

• Tourism activities are now concentrated only in Apulit Island, unlike before when other islands like Pavillion, Flowers, Tecas, and Noah were utilized.

• More local people were employed before4; about 75% of the total employees were from Palawan, majority from Taytay; now less than 10% of the employees come from the locality.

• Relationships with the local communities have soured. • Present AIR tourism products and services are highly modernized and

commercialized. Before, what were offered to tourists were nature-inspired activities, no TVs, no wi-fi. Tourists just moved around and enjoyed nature.

• The number of repeater guests has dwindled. Koreans are the hardest to satisfy, while the Japanese are the more loyal visitors.

• Problems on law enforcement, particularly dynamite and cyanide fishing, have escalated; and

• Sharing of revenues before was well defined; 60% went to the LGU, while 40% went to the local barangay. This was in the case of Barangay Maytigid before, where the local community initially resisted the operations in Apulit. However, after a massive IEC campaign by Club Noah Isabelle, this was ended and the local people became the biggest supporter of the resort.

4 According to Daniel Abacial, the previous owner of Club Noah Isabelle has genuine love for the local people.



20. Despite these changes, Mr. Abacial expressed optimism for tourism to work, given its potential. He mentioned about the other tourism products and services (like the Cataban Falls, dolphin watching in Malampaya Sound, firefly watching, etc.), which when developed, can surely augment tourism development in the municipality. Mr. Abacial saw no reason for PES not to work in Taytay since Apulit-sister resorts (in El Nido) are already practicing users’ fee system, which could be a good takeoff for PES. 21. The day ended with a courtesy call on Mayor Romy L. Salvame, who welcomed the RETA. The mayor specifically requested assistance in doing the willingness-to-pay study so they can charge the new AIR management with appropriate taxes for their operations. Accordingly, the AIR management pays only the Real Property Tax and Business Permit. With PES, the mayor is optimistic that due benefits (both on environment and financial) would accrue to the local community and the municipal government as well. 22. Day 3, 12 March 2014. In the morning, the Team chanced upon two tricycle drivers who used to work in AIR. They confirmed the big change in operational management in the resort, which led them to resign immediately. They confirmed that Taytay has big potential for tourism development. For instance, the islands have the following attractions and activities to offer:

• Apulit – with sand bar perfect for picnics and private dining; clean water for swimming and diving;

• Pavillion – with lagoon ideal for honeymooners’ private swimming and dining; • Ticas – good for diving, snorkeling, swimming; • Quimbaludan – with nice white beach ideal for private dining, swimming, snorkeling, and

diving; • Noah Noah – also for swimming and diving; and • Flower – for swimming and diving

23. What will derail tourism development on these islands is that they are being claimed as “private property.” Although this is almost legally impossible (as small islands are not subject to private ownership), this is something that must be investigated by the Project’s Legal Specialist. 24. The Team left for Puerto Princesa by lunchtime; arrived in the afternoon and booked in the hotel in preparation for the next morning’s flight to Manila. E. Comments and Observations 25. The RETA CTI project was well-received by the authorities in Taytay and they even looked forward to receiving extra benefits from the project, in terms of livelihood opportunities (seaweed and abalone project), assistance in adapting to the impacts of climate change, and generating extra revenue, in form of taxes and other fees, from Apulit Island Resort management through the implementation of PES project. For taxes, however, this should be subject to a deeper analysis and investigation. 26. Tourism turned out to be the most feasible ES that can be utilized for the PES subproject, given the interviews and observations made during the scoping mission. Practically all the key requirements in a PES deal are present, such as the ES itself (tourism), the ES providers (local communities and Taytay authorities) and the ES buyers (the Apulit Island Resort management).



27. Some of the proposed activities in the previously approved PES capsule proposal need not be undertaken, since they were already accomplished during the scoping mission, like: (i) Experts' Roundtable Discussion (RTD) on PES; (ii) consultation with Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) and Taytay LGU; and (iii) briefing/consultation with Taytay LGU, Resort Owners, Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC), and other stakeholders about the PES Study. 28. The procedures and methodology in the approved PES capsule proposal need to be revised given the changes in the direction of the PES project. Similarly, the work and financial plan has to be adjusted to conform to these changes. 29. Given the above comments and observations, the PES project document and its corresponding Work and Financial Plan have been revised, as shown in Annexes 2 and 3, respectively, of this report. F. Recommendations for Next Steps/Further Action

30. The next steps include the following:

• Submit the revised PES CP for ADB’s approval. • Discuss with World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), the proposed project partner-

implementor, the revisions made in the PES CP, including the Work and Financial Plan, and see if they are amenable to it and are still interested to partner with PRIMEX in implementing this project.

• If WWF declines, let the Philippine PMU directly supervise the implementation of the project with the assistance of the RPMO SF Specialist. Immediately recruit individual consultants who could undertake the specific components of the project. These local consultants are a team of marine experts (fisheries and coral reef specialists, seaweed and macro invertebrate experts), a tourism expert; a resource sconomist, and a socioeconomist cum institutions specialist;

• Organize a meeting with the management of the Apulit Island Resort and explore the possibility of making them partner-cooperator in implementing the PES project. Included here would be the arrangement on payment of corresponding taxes, which should be the subject of study and investigation by the Project’s Legal Specialist.



Annex 1

PERSONS MET BY THE SCOPING MISSION

Name of Person Position/Designation Office Romy L. Salvame Municipal Mayor Municipal Office Robinson P. Morales Municipal Administrator Municipal Office Vicente T. Azurin, Jr. Municipal Tourism Officer Municipal Office Dan A. del Rosario Municipal Health Officer Municipal Office Mark Pleyto Executive Assistant Municipal Office Dennis Abacial, Supervising Administrative Officer;

Provincial Health Officer Former Manager

Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital Club Noah Isabelle, Apulit Island Resort (for eight years)

Chan Lee de Luna Owner-Manager PEM Pension House and Restaurant

Two Tricycle Drivers Former Employees Club Noah Isabelle, Apulit Island

Rey San Jose RETA Project Cooperator Salt-tolerant rice variety project



Annex 2

REVISED PES PROPOSAL

DESIGN AND PILOT-TESTING OF PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (PES) IN TAYTAY, PALAWAN5

A. Background The Regional Technical Assistance (RETA 7813) aims to assist Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (CT3) in implementing actions under their respective Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) national plans of action (NPOAs). The RETA is expected to result in increased resilience of coastal and marine ecosystems and human communities in the CT3 through improved management of coastal and marine resources established in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Eco-region (SSME) priority seascape within the Coral Triangle (CT). The RETA supports the introduction of more effective management of coastal and marine resources, especially those associated with coral reef ecosystems. Such ecosystems will build their resilience in a period of increased threats arising from climate change and human-induced impacts, thereby maintaining ecosystem integrity and productivity and ensuring improved socioeconomic status of coastal communities. In the area of sustainable financing (SF), the RETA will work with CTI stakeholders in coastal and marine resources management (CMRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA), specifically, in coastal villages in the SSME. In order to broaden the sources of funding and increase current investments and allocations for marine protected area (MPA) management, the RETA will identify appropriate SF strategies and design SF mechanisms including, but not limited to, PES and PES-like instruments. The strategies may include the imposition of users’ fees, levies, and surcharges; setting up of trust funds (endowment, sinking, or revolving funds); and grants from GEF, international and bilateral agencies, private corporations, or large international or national NGOs. B. The PES Project

PES is an incentive system that may be applied to modify the behavior of individuals whose resource management practices are resulting in negative environmental externalities to other users. PES can be applied in cases where:

• There is an opportunity for an ecosystem service (ES)6 to be maintained. For example, for coral reefs, ecosystem services include nursery grounds for juveniles, protection against wave and storms, and source of sand material for beaches;

• There are identified ES buyers and sellers – they are not one and the same; • The problem to be addressed is a conservation problem, which has a financing solution -

not an enforcement problem or a social problem.; • The price for the ES has been previously agreed upon; and • The payment is made to ensure that the flow of ES is maintained and sustained.

5 Based on the ADB-approved capsule proposal. 6 Ecosystems Services (ES) is defined as “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems” (MEA, 2005).



In its generic form, PES can include a vast suite of modalities, which are characterized by the following: (i) payments are made to the resource owner or manager; (ii) payments reflect the “real” or scarcity value of the resource; and (iii) payments are used to ensure that the ecosystem or resource value is sustained or maintained. PES is not a “silver bullet” that can solve all environmental or economic problems. In fact, it has a limited application in a situation where an environmental problem can be solved by an economic solution. When successful, a PES deal will result in a steady stream of revenues for the seller of ES and an assurance that the environmental objective will be maintained (for as long as payments are made). For example, in Taytay, Palawan, aquaculture farms may diminish the quality of aesthetics of the ocean and nearby islands, thus reducing its tourism value. A PES deal can be arranged to provide an “incentive” to fish cage farmers to locate their cages appropriately or to introduce aesthetic value to cages by improving construction standards, conforming to the natural “architecture” of the surrounding, or making it a tourist attraction in itself. In this case, the payments can be made between the tourist operator (whose aesthetics are negatively impacted upon by cages) and the cage farmers. The design and implementation of a PES/PES-like scheme in Taytay, Palawan corresponds to the “Consultations regarding SF of MPAs using PES” and “Designing/Pilot-testing of PES” activities in the approved work and financial plan for the Philippines. A related study, which will provide a guide on PES applications, is Activity 3.3.4, Assessment of PES and PES-like Applications in the Marine Sector, which is the subject of a separate capsule proposal. In early March 2014, the RPMO Team Leader and Sustainable Financing (SF) Specialist, together with two (2) Philippine technical consultants, undertook a scoping mission in Taytay, Palawan to identify prospective ES and potential buyers for a PES deal7. The team8 made courtesy calls with key officials and interviewed concerned individuals9 about PES. During this mission, it was identified that the most likely ES that can be pursued under the PES is tourism10. In fact, there was an expressed interest from the Mayor himself (which was concurred in by other officials) that tourism will help address the twin objectives of providing steady source of income not only for the LGU, but also for the local communities, as well as in conserving and protecting the rich marine resources of Taytay Bay. Hence, for purposes of undertaking the PES project, tourism shall be adopted as the banner ES for Taytay. Based further on the reconnaissance surveys and interviews, the specific islands that may be covered under the PES are: Apulit Island Resort (AIR)11, which currently offers tourists an experience of a tropical paradise; and Pabellon (Pavilion), Tecas and Quimbaludan Islands, which AIR used before to provide their guests with a other kinds of tourism experiences like diving and snorkeling,

7 The scoping mission actually fulfills the Step 1 approach in developing PES deals. 8 The mission was headed by Mr. Guillermo Morales, Team Leader, together with Dr. Lope A. Calanog, SF Specialist,

RPMO, Dr. Ben Gonzales, CMRM Specialist, and Mr. Roger Savella, KBA Coordinator of the Philippine PMU. 9 The key officials met in Taytay Municipality were: Mayor Romy L. Salvame; Municipal Administrator Robinson P.

Morales; Tourism Officer Vicente T. Azurin, Jr.; Municipal Health Officer Dan A. del Rosario; Executive Assistant Mark Pleyto; and Mr. Dennis Abacial, the Administrator of Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital, who served as the Manager of the Club Noah Isabelle in Apulit Island, Taytay for eight years. He resigned when a new management took over the resort. Other people interviewed were: Mr. Chan Lee de Luna, owner-manager of PEM Pension House and Restaurant and two tricycle drivers who used to work in Club Noah Isabelle.

10 MEA (2005) classified tourism as one of the ES that falls under the category of cultural services. It is also one of the more popular and successful subjects of PES.

11 Apulit Island Resort used to be under the management of Club Noah Isabelle. Currently, it is managed by the El Nido Resorts.



swimming in a lagoon, having private dinner in a romantic and secluded beach area, etc. In the context of PES, AIR, together with other resort/tourism operators, will be the ES users, while the LGU and the barangays that have jurisdiction over Taytay Bay and the other islands will be the ES providers. In addition to the serene marine environment, the LGU and the local community can offer existing resort operators (the ES users) with other services like: (i) supply of food like rice, fish, meat, fruits and vegetables; (ii) easy and fast access from Manila through their local airport system; (iii) security through the Bantay Dagat and existing law enforcement/police force; (iv) health and first aid services through the Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital; and (v) access to other land-based tourist destinations like Lake Danao (or Lake Manguao), falls in Canique, Irrawaddy dolphin watching in Malampaya Sound, and many more. C. PES Project Activities The PES Project will consist of the following activities:

1. Meeting with WWF as the Implementing Partner

Meeting with PRIMEX and WWF shall be made to agree on scope of work, funding, and at the same time determine their capability in undertaking the PES. Signing of the subcontract shall commence once agreement is reached. Immediately after, a one-day inception meeting will follow to clarify and agree further on the details of project implementation, the Terms of Reference (TOR), methodologies to be applied, and expected deliverables. No more than 10 participants, consisting of the RETA Team Leader, the Philippine Deputy Team Leader (DTL), the SF Specialist, CMRM Specialist, and representatives from WWF, shall attend the inception meeting. Proposed venue. The meeting will be held in Manila. Proposed Schedule. The duration and target date will tentatively be on the first week of June 2014. Estimated Cost. The cost estimate for the meeting with WWF is USD300.

2. Benchmarking of ES Resources

Benchmark of the specific target sites for PES (i.e., the four islands mentioned above) shall be established by doing resource assessment and valuation. Specifically, benchmarking will comprise the following: (i) assessment of marine resources utilized for tourism and other purposes; (ii) analysis of tourism status and condition; and (iii) setting of socio-economic and institutional profile. The objectives of benchmarking are:

• To assess the status of marine (fisheries, coral reefs, etc.) resources being utilized for

tourism, as well as their other uses (including who are the users and beneficiaries, etc.); • To estimate economic values of these resources; • To analyze the socio-economic and institutional parameters in relation to PES; and • To identify threats and management strategies on how to address them.

WWF will engage the services of a team of experts to undertake the above benchmarking



activities. Their names and curriculum vitae will be submitted to PRIMEX for review and approval. The team shall work closely with the SF Specialist, who will review their outputs and utilize the same in the design of the PES scheme. Details of the experts’ TOR are shown in Attachment 1. During the benchmarking activities, the SF, together with the socio-institution specialist shall continue to conduct courtesy calls and inform key officials and stakeholders, e.g., PCSD and other officials in Puerto Princesa, about the PES study. Proposed Venue. The place of assignment is in Taytay, Palawan. Proposed Schedule. The target date for Benchmarking of ES Resources will be July-October 2014 with three months duration of engagement, intermittently. Estimated Cost. The cost estimate for Benchmarkng of ES Resources is USD12,500.

3. Presentation and Validation of the Benchmarking Activities

It is crucial that the results of the benchmarking activities are presented and validated by the stakeholders and key officials of Taytay. A one-day workshop will be organized by WWF for this purpose, which shall be attended by at least 35 participants, namely:

• Six from LGU (the Mayor, Vice-Mayor and a member of the Sanggunian Bayan, preferably the Chair of the Tourism Committee, the municipal administrator, the planning officer, the tourism officer, etc.);

• Five from the resort owner/managers and representatives of the local tourism sector • Three from other sectors like fisheries, agriculture, etc. • Three representatives each of two barangays that have jurisdiction over the target sites • Two from PCSD • Three benchmarking experts • Five from PRIMEX (Team Leader, DTL, SF Specialist, CMRM Specialist, KBA

Coordinator) • Five from WWF

Proposed Venue. The presentation and validation of the Benchmarking activities will be held in Taytay, Palawan. Proposed Schedule. The target date of the activity will be on the third week of October 2014. Estimated Cost. The cost estimate for the presentation and validation of the Benchmarking activities is USD4,025.

4. Willingness to Pay (WTP) Study

The WTP study is important because this will provide a concrete feedback whether the identified users of the ES are amenable to pay for an identified ES and how much. The WTP will ensure that the correct value of the ES is reflected, and hence, payment to be made to the ES providers is based on science-based estimate and not simply an arbitrary one. The SF Specialist will develop/design a detailed WTP survey, which will be implemented with the help of a field assistant whose TOR is shown in Attachment 1. The results of the WTP



study will be consolidated and presented to the LGU and other stakeholders for comments, review, suggestion and recommendation. Proposed Venue. The proposed venue is in Taytay, Palawan and Manila. Proposed Schedule. The target date for the WTP study is on November 2014-January 2015. Estimated Cost: USD750.

5. Design of PES/Formulation of PES Agreement

From the data and information generated from the benchmarking activities and later verified in a consultation meeting, the SF Specialist will design the PES scheme that will be implemented in Taytay. The process will entail continues consultations and meetings with concerned players of the PES, particularly with the ES providers (LGU and local communities) and ES users (the AIR management and other resort/tourism operators), until the final PES agreement is reached and put into writing. Other experts of the CTI project will likewise be consulted in the course of designing the PES. Proposed Venue. The proposed venue for the Design of PES/Formulation of PES Agreement is in Taytay, Palawan and Manila. Proposed Schedule. The target date for the Design of PES/Formulation of PES Agreement is on January-February 2015. Estimated Cost. TBD.

6. Presentation and Acceptance of PES Scheme

The SF Specialist will present the PES design to the RETA team and WWF for review and acceptance. Should there be areas needing revisions and improvements, the SF Specialist shall be given two weeks to incorporate all the relevant comments and suggestions and come up with the final version of the PES. Proposed Venue. The proposed venue for the presentation and acceptance of PES scheme is in Manila. Proposed Schedule. The target date for the presentation and acceptance of PES scheme is on February 2015. Estimated Cost. TBD. D. Total Cost Estimate The total cost estimate for the Design and Pilot-Testing of PES in Taytay, Palawan is US Dollar Seventeen Thousand Five Hundred Seventy-Five (US $17,575).



Attachment 1

Terms of Reference Conduct of the PES Study in Taytay, Palawan

A. Background PES is an incentive system that may be applied to modify the behavior of individuals whose resource management practices are resulting to negative environmental externalities to other users. In Taytay, Palawan, for example, hundreds of aquaculture farms (mostly fish cages) diminish the quality of aesthetics of the municipality’s coastal waters. A PES deal or application can be arranged to provide an “incentive” to cage farmers; for example, to install their structures in a more appropriate site or to introduce aesthetic value to cages by improving construction standards, conforming to the contour of the land or vista, etc. In this case, the payments can be made between the tourist operator (whose aesthetics are negatively impacted upon by the cages) and the cage farmers. There is an opportunity for an ecosystem service to be maintained. For instance, for coral reefs, ecosystem services include serving as nursery grounds for juveniles, a protection against strong waves and storm, source of material for beaches, etc. PES presupposes that there are identified “buyers” and “sellers” – they are not one and the same. PES can be used to address a conservation problem, which has a financing solution with the price for the ecosystem service agreed upon by the two parties concerned. The payment is made to ensure that the flow of ecosystem service is maintained and sustained. An important activity programmed for 2013 under ADB RETA 7813 is the conduct of PES studies in Taytay, Palawan where the multiple uses of coastal resources (e.g., ecotourism, capture fisheries, aquaculture, navigation, protected zones, etc.) necessitate the use of a fee collection system that reflects the true value of the resources, from the perspective of buyers and sellers. PES can also be the basis for identifying sources of sustainable financing that the LGU can use to fund their coastal resource management activities. B. Scope of Work The components of the Taytay PES project will comprise the: (i) conduct of a comprehensive benchmarking study, which will include assessment of marine resources utilized for tourism, valuing these resources, and establishing socio-economic and institutional profile; (ii) conduct of willingness to pay study; (iii) design of PES scheme, which will include identification of ES users and providers and agreement on payments to be made on the ES; and (iv) formulation of instrument that will provide the framework in undertaking the PES in Taytay. Specific activities to be carried out are:

• Courtesy calls and orientation of key officials and stakeholders on PES; • Benchmarking of ES Resources, including an analysis of tourism potentials; • Presentation and verification of benchmarking results; • Conduct of willingness to pay study; • Designing of PES and formulation of PES instrument (contract or agreement); and • Presentation and approval of PES scheme



C. Qualifications of the Implementing Partner (IP)/Supplier The firm to be subcontracted by PRIMEX to undertake the PES must have the following qualifications:

• Must have done PES-related work in a coastal/marine areas; • Must have previously worked in Taytay municipality and has established strong

institutional linkage with the LGU; • Must have in-house expertise to effectively organize, implement, and document activities

identified in the Project Document/Scope of Work; and • Must have the resources and the partnership mindset to provide counterpart support to

the PES study, e.g., staff time, office space and equipment, and related secondary data. D. Duration of the Study Eight months, June 2014-February 2015.



Specific TOR of Third Party Experts and WTP Study Field Assistants A team of marine, resource economics, and socio-eco cum institutional experts will be engaged to establish the benchmark needed in designing the PES scheme that will be applied in Taytay. The benchmark data and information will be augmented by the results of the WTP study to be undertaken by the SF Specialist and a field assistant to come up with the final PES design. Specific details of activities to be delivered by the team are: 1. For the Marine Experts (composed of fisheries specialist, coral reef ecologist, sea weeds

experts, and macro invertebrates expert)

• By establishing a significant number of survey stations in each site12, assess the current condition of marine resources in Apulit, Pabellon, Tecas, and Quimbaludan Islands in Barangays Maytegued, Canique and Pamantulan, focusing on:

o status of fisheries in the islands, such as catch per unit effort (CPUE) by gear,

species composition relative to trophic level, size distribution by fish species, and exploitation status for pelagic and other species;

o status of coral reefs in the islands, such as percentage of live coral cover, reef fish biomass, and extent of coral reefs and associated habitats;

o status and structure of existing macrophyte community; and o status of seaweed and sea grasses.

• Compare the current condition of marine resources of Apulit Island with that of its

2007 status13; • Identify users and beneficiaries of these marine resources; • Assess major threats to these marine resources and recommend management

strategies to address these threats; • Determine if existing marine resources can meet the requirements, without

jeopardizing the natural ecological processes, of a sustained tourism operations in the islands; and

• Prepare corresponding benchmark report and present this to concerned LGU officials and stakeholders in Taytay, including officials of PCSD.

2. Tourism Expert

• Provide benchmarks on the current status of tourism in Taytay, such as visitation

rates of domestic and foreign tourists, seasonality of tourists, recreational and other related activities indulged in by tourists, desirable attributes of the islands/sites, annual revenue from tourism (private and LGU), and services provided by the LGU for tourism;

• Identify direct and indirect beneficiaries of tourism and services and how they can contribute to developing a sustainable tourism program for Taytay;

• Identify current and potential tourism products and services and their supply and market demands with the help of the economist/institutional specialist;

• Estimate the tourism carrying capacity of the resorts/tourist destinations in the four islands;

12 Six survey stations for Apulit Island and three survey stations each for the rest of the islands. 13 Based on the marine survey conducted by Western Philippines University (WPU) in Apulit Island in 2007.



• Assess major threats to tourism and tourism development; • Recommend appropriate management strategies for improvement or maintenance of

a sustainable tourism operations in Taytay; and • Prepare a benchmark report and present this to concerned LGU officials and

stakeholders in Taytay, including officials of PCSD. 3. Resource Economist

• In collaboration with the marine experts, estimate the economic value of the marine resources in the four islands/study sites, and losses that maybe incurred if these resources are not protected;

• In collaboration with the tourism expert, estimate the economic value of the tourism products and services in Taytay;

• Assist the tourism expert in doing a market-demand analysis of tourism in Taytay; and

• Prepare a benchmark report and present this to concerned LGU officials and stakeholders in Taytay, including officials of PCSD.

4. Socio-Economist cum Institutional Specialist

• Establish a brief socio-economic profile and institutional/social structure in the three barangays covering the four islands/study sites and their relation with tourism and tourism development;

• Review relevant laws, policies, ordinances, and regulations and support services that may affect tourism development in Taytay;

• Assess social and institutional/political threats besetting the community and how these will influence the PES;

• Recommend appropriate management measures and strategies to address these threats; and

• Prepare a benchmark report and present this to concerned LGU officials and stakeholders in Taytay, including officials of PCSD.

5. WTP Survey Field Assistant (1)

• Undergo training on survey administration; • Administer the survey questionnaire; • Encode and store data in electronic format; • Prepare summary tables and make simple analysis and interpretation of data; and • Assist the SF Specialist in determining the reasonable payment that may be charged

for the use of ES, and incorporating the same in the design of PES.


APPENDIX 14: SCOPING VISIT REPORT BY THE SF SPECIALIST Page 17

Annex 3

Revised Work and Financial Plan

Activities Schedule and Venue Expense Description/

No. of Persons Involved Estimate of Unit

Cost (USD) Total (USD) 1. Inception meeting between

PRIMEX and Implementing Partner (IP)

1st week of June 2014, Manila

Ten People 25/pax 250 Venue rental 50

50

Sub-total 300 2. Benchmarking activities Three months, July-

October 2014, intermittent

Marine Specialists 6,500 6,500 Tourism Expert 2,000 2,000 Resource Economist 2,000 2,000 Socio-economist cum Institutions Specialist 2,000 2,000

Note: Professional fee/consultancy fee represents the lumpsum cost of the corresponding bechmarking activity to be delivered by each consultant

Sub-total 12,500 3. Presentation and validation of benchmarking results

One day, 3rd week of October 2014, Taytay Palawan

Venue/Equipment Rental and Food for 35 Participants 15/pax 525 Airfare, Mla-PPC-Mla for 8 participants 250/pax 2,000 Hotel accommodation for 10 participants

25/pax/per night for two nights 500

Subsistence allowance of 10 participants

37.50/pax/day for two days 750

Van rental, PPC-Taytay-PPC 125 125 Supplies and Materials 125 125

Sub-total 4,025


APPENDIX 14: SCOPING VISIT REPORT BY THE SF SPECIALIST Page 18

Activities Schedule and Venue Expense Description/

No. of Persons Involved Estimate of Unit

Cost (USD) Total (USD) 4. Conduct of Willingness to Pay (WTP) study

Two months, November 2014-January 2015, Taytay and Manila

Salary of one field assistant for two months 375 /pax / month

750

Sub-total 750 5. Design of PES / Formulation of PES Agreement

Two months, January-February 2015, Taytay and Manila

Expenses c/o PRIMEX14

6. Presentation and Acceptance of PES Scheme

One day to two weeks, January-February 2015, Manila

Expenses c/o PRIMEX15

Grand Total 17,575

14 Practically no cost will be incurred, as this will be performed solely by the Sustainable Financing Specialist. His salary (in terms of person-months to be utilized) will be covered by the RPMO.

15 Practically no cost will be incurred, as this will be performed solely by the Sustainable Financing Specialist. His salary (in terms of person-months to be utilized) will be covered by the RPMO.


APPENDIX 15:

National Plan of Action

Costing Report

MMM

APPENDIX 15: NPOA COSTING REPORT Page 1

REPORT ON COSTING1 OF THE PHILIPPINE CTI NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION (NPOA) A. Rationale and Description 1. Moving into its fifth year since the World Ocean Conference in Manado and the official establishment of the CTI in 2009, the Philippines National CTI Coordinating Committee (NCC) is now geared to speed up the implementation process towards substantial completion of the goals/targets and actions through 2020. The costing of the NPOA completes a basic step towards sustainable financing by organizing and analyzing knowledge on baseline costs of implementation and committed funding, thereby ensuring continuity of implementation. 2. The ADB RETA 7813 aims to assist Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines (CT3) in implementing actions under their respective CTI NPOAs. The RETA will result in increased resilience of coastal and marine ecosystems and human communities in the CT3 through improved management of coastal and marine resources established in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME) priority seascape within the Coral Triangle. Under this RETA, the Philippines recommended for a sustainable financing (SF) component to develop mechanisms for long-term funding of the NPOA. This will include: (i) assistance provided to the NCC to cost out their NPOA, including the establishment of SF mechanisms for marine protected areas (MPAs); (ii) assistance in the preparation of terms of reference (TORs) and bidding documents for procurement of services for the economic valuation of MPAs; (iii) preparation of progress reports on the implementation of pilot projects on SF of MPA management; and (iv) reporting on estimated costs of the NPOA. 3. There have been various attempts to cost the PHI NPOA. First, action plans and subsequently, comprehensive action plans (containing costing) were prepared by Conservation International (CI) with support from ADB. This planning and costing focused on the work plans of the SSME focusing on fisheries, MPAs, and species.2 In late 2011, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) retained Mazars Starling Resources to conduct an initial scoping exercise for SF of MPAs in the SSME.3 Analyzed were five MPAs, two of which were LGU-managed, two are marine/nature reserves, and the last, a protected seascape/landscape. Thirdly, the ADB Knowledge Management Project (RETA 7307) supported a training activity on costing the NPOA using a “costing template” that was used to prepare five priority proposals of the Philippines for the High Level Financial Roundtable.4 4. RETA 7813 supported the Planning and Costing Workshop upon suggestion of the Philippines NCC because of: (i) potential new funding streams in support of CTI such as the UNDP’s MPA Strengthening, USAID’s Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH), GIZ’s Adaptation in the Philippines as a Contribution to the Coral Triangle Initiative (GIZ ACCCOAST), PAME, and this project; (ii) existing projects, such as the USAID CTSP, due for completion at the end of the third quarter of 2014; (iii) need to implement a broad-based and more inclusive planning framework that includes local governments and other agencies; and (iv) inputs to the upcoming High Level Assessment Study to Develop the Financial Strategy for CTI. 5. The report provides a bird’s eye view of the major players in the CTI space, including the national government and donors, their preferences among the goals of the CTI as well as the funding pipeline.

1 Prepared by the Philippines CTI NCC. 2 http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/ssme-action-plans.pdf 3 http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ssme_phils_report_june_2012_final__msr_.pdf 4 http://sites3.iwlearn3.webfactional.com/cti/knowledge-hub/document-library/member-countries/philippines/ncc-funding-priorities


http://sites3.iwlearn3.webfactional.com/cti/knowledge-hub/document-library/member-countries/philippines/ncc-funding-priorities

http://sites3.iwlearn3.webfactional.com/cti/knowledge-hub/document-library/member-countries/philippines/ncc-funding-priorities


B. Methodology 6. This report and the data contained herein benefitted from processes endorsed and supported by the NCC. To consolidate the information required for the Costing of the PHI NPOA, RETA 7813 organized a workshop on 4-5 June 2013 in Tagaytay City, Philippines. The workshop had participants from national government agencies and partner institutions involved in NPOA implementation and in national planning and budgeting. The workshop agenda and list of participants are attached as Annexes 1 and 2, respectively. 7. Prior to the workshop proper, a series of small meetings with the NCC were organized to discuss the workshop design and assess the usefulness of the cost spreadsheets. 8. The Tagaytay Workshop was structured along three major outputs: (i) agreement on the status of NPOA implementation; (ii) articulation of NPOA actions and/or identification of activities that can be costed; and (iii) estimation of costs. For the second workshop, participants were asked to examine the NPOA actions and identify sub-actions that would allow for appropriate costing. This step was necessary because some of the actions were either lumped, i.e., containing several or sequential actions, while others required a thorough interpretation and translation into activities that can be costed. The workshop participants identified specific activities and determined inputs to the activities (quantity and unit costs, included). 9. Part of the methodology applied by the workshop was to recognize previous efforts to cost priority actions of the NPOA. This included a list of priority NPOA actions which were submitted to the High Level Financial Roundtable and the Comprehensive Action Plans of the SSME. Cost estimates resulting from the SSME Comprehensive Actions Plans are now fully embedded in the costing for Goal 2, Fisheries, for a broad listing of key result areas (KRAs) identified in the former. The proposal of the Philippines on the implementation of the National Integrated Coastal Management Policy is now integrated into Goal 1, Seascapes. All costing spreadsheets are available as electronic files. The level of detail provided per spreadsheet depends on the specific cost information provided by the workshop participants. 10. Post-workshop processes consisted of one-on-one meetings between the RETA and the NCC and email exchanges. C. Limitations of the Study 11. The costing of the Philippine NPOA completes a basic step towards SF by organizing and analyzing knowledge on baseline costs of implementation and committed funding. While the estimates may not be perfectly accurate, it retains its usefulness as a planning tool over a seven-year horizon, because it provides a ballpark estimate of the funding needs, the funding commitments over the planning horizon, and the funding gap. 12. One of limitations of the study is the inability to include all projects currently doing work in NPOA implementation, including NGOs, people’s organizations (POs), and the academe involved in site-based work, and local governments implementing initiatives of their own. In addition, workshop discussions acknowledged that there are other government activities contributing to one or more of the 60 actions identified by the NPOA although they have not been identified as such. It was the desired intention of the NCC to organize similar costing exercises at the site level; however, funding constraints prevented these from taking place.



13. Partner funding only captures the projects with confirmed funding at the time of the workshop, i.e., June 2013, thus eliminating new project funding or those that would have been approved in 2014. D. Status of NPOA Implementation 14. Summary status of implementation of the NPOA is provided in Table 1 with the full listing of the goals/target/actions and corresponding status based on inputs from workshop participants presented in Annex 3. A total of 60 actions corresponding to the five goals of the Philippine NPOA were recorded, with 12 actions already completed and more than 60% of actions classified as “ongoing”. This should not be surprising since some actions have been actually initiated prior to the finalization of the NPOA or form part of regular programming of national agencies. 15. Owing to the formulation of some action statements, which bundled several items, there were actions that were partially “completed”, partially “ongoing”, and partially “not started”– as in the case of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) policies. The case is similar for climate change actions where sub-actions were identified and for which, some were deemed as completed, while others were in various stages of implementation. In such cases, where completion of any component of the action has been attained, the status which was given priority and which is reflected in the summary table is that of being “completed”.

Table 1: Summary Status of Implementation of NPOA Actions

16. Highlights among the achievement of seascape goals is the selection of the West Philippine Sea as the second priority seascape of the Philippines and the documentation of best practices in seascape management through the preparation of a guidebook6. The target regarding the preparation of a master plan cum investment plan has been construed as referring also to the first priority seascape, which is the Sulu Sulawesi Seascape (SSS) (also referred to as the SSME; thus, this action merited both a “completed” and “ongoing” status because the SSS has already completed a series of Action Plans for the three subcommittees (Trinational Committee for the SSME, 2009) followed by a Comprehensive Action Plan containing business plans and attendant costs (ADB, 2011). 17. Of the 24 actions identified for fisheries, 18 are ongoing while five actions are considered as both “completed” and “ongoing” (Annex 3). The first action point for Target 1 identifies at least four policies requiring a thorough review and update which varies across policy targets; thus, the status shows that it is partially “completed” (review of NIPAS Act), partially “ongoing” (review of Fisheries Code and Local Government Code), and partially “not started” [review of Archipelagic Development Framework (ARCDEV)]. Several researches contributing to EAFM policy have been completed, i.e., sardine research in Zamboanga and Visayan Sea and dulong and small pelagics in the Verde Island Passage. The National Fisheries Research Development Institute (NFRDI) is in

5 With specific components completed but can be combined with ongoing / not yet started activities.. 6 http://www.conservation.org/Documents/CI_Seascapes_Guidebook_select_develop_implement_seascapes.pdf.

Accessed on 2 January 2014

Goal Total Actions Completed5 Ongoing Not Started 1 Seascapes 9 3 3 3 2 EAFM 24 5 18 1 3 MPA 8 0 8 0 4 Climate Change 11 2 8 1 5 Species 8 2 4 2 Total 60 12 39 9


http://www.conservation.org/Documents/CI_Seascapes_Guidebook_select_develop_implement_seascapes.pdf


charge of ongoing research on tuna genetics, while the ECOFISH Project is likewise engaged in various researches in their project sites. Partial completion was also noted for value chain research, where plans for current action have been articulated by ECOFISH and RARE. The design and implementation of COASTFISH is also partially completed with both the WorldFish Center and ECOFISH achieving some milestones. Among the items classified as “ongoing” (presumably including those which were started prior to CTI) are illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, information, education and communication (IEC), enforcement, vessel registry, institutional support (such as the live reef fish council), and implementation of existing management plans. 18. All eight actions for Goal 3, MPAs, are considered as “ongoing”. At least three MPA actions require implementation of existing plans: Philippine Marine Sanctuary Strategy (PHILMARSaSt), the SSME Sub-Committee Action Plan for MPA, and the National Seagrass Conservation Strategy and Action Plan. Other actions identified are continuing actions, such as capacity building programs for local governments and national agencies, currently being supported by the implementation of the Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MEAT), and site-level work courtesy of RARE, ECOFISH, CI, and many other projects implemented by NGOs and POs, as well as through individual capacities of LGUs. The estimation of MPA fees for revenue generation and regulation has been started, with ECOFISH contributing further to the efforts. One of the MPA actions is the identification of Marine Key Biodiversity Areas (mKBAs) and the consolidation of existing MPAs into networks, which though started, proved to be unsustainable still, which the UNDP MKBA project will try to address. 19. Out of the 11 climate change actions, only one has not started, while eight are ongoing. Two items are completed (although simultaneously “ongoing”): (i) conduct of vulnerability and risk assessments; and (ii) identification, documentation, and implementation of climate change adaption measures. While some Vulnerability Assessments have been completed (CI, WWF, ICE CREAM/Resilient Seas), other ongoing projects shall likewise contribute to the effort, e.g., ECOFISH, RARE, GIZ. Climate adaptation measures have been identified and documented (thus, the rating “completed”), but implementation of these measures is either ongoing or needs to be accomplished. The mainstreaming of early warning systems is ongoing through the GIZ-ACCCOAST, while the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan has been completed and implementation is ongoing. The CI-IKI project and ECOFISH are both engaging with the private sector in disaster risk management and providing economic incentives for climate friendly technologies. Other ongoing initiatives include CI’s Mentoring Program, which embeds Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) and climate change as research topics by formal educational institutions. 20. Goal 5 has completed two actions, viz.: (i) red list assessments of priority marine species in the Philippines under Global Marine Species Assessment (GMSA); and (ii) establishment of the National Red List Committee on cetaceans and adoption of a NPOA for the Conservation and Management of Cetaceans. Two actions have yet to be started, namely, the preparation of the (i) plan of action for sharks and (ii) marine turtles and dugongs. Ongoing activities include the survey and monitoring of seabirds, fisheries stock assessments (c/o BFAR-NFRDI), and completion of the NPOA for invasive species. E. Profiling of Projects Contributing to CTI NPOA



21. There are currently nine major projects including partners and national government which have contributed to this costing activity7 (Table 2). Two projects are targeted for completion by 2020: these are projects administered by the national government through BFAR, i.e., the Fisheries, Coastal Resources and Livelihood Project (FISHCORAL) project and the Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Project (SCREMP) project, which is implemented by the DENR-Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB). Two regional projects are listed: CTI-SEA and Sulu-Celebes Sea Regional Fisheries Management (SCS) project, which includes the two other CTI countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. Of the nine projects, eight are TA projects while one (FISHCORAL) is a combined TA and loan. Only one project, SCREMP, is funded by the government. RARE has multiple roles in NPOA implementation as it is both a funding agency and implementing agency with the latter covering site-based work with selected LGUs. The projects have variable target completion dates, with FishCORAL and SCREMP being implemented through 2020.

Table 2: Listing of Projects Contributing to NPOA Implementation, 2014-2020 Title of Project Funding

Agency Implementing Agency Total Funding Project

Duration Strengthening the Marine Protected Area System to Conserve Marine Key Biodiversity (MKBA)

UNDP/GEF DENR–Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB)

US $8 million 2014-2019

Coastal Climate Change Adaptation: MPA networks as a Platform for Building Community, Ecological, and Social Resilience among Coastal Municipalities in the Philippines (CCC-MPA)

RARE/USAID Selected LGUs US$4.5 million Sep 2012- June 2016

CTI-SEA ADB/GEF DENR US $12.1million 2012-2016 Protection and Rehabilitation of Coastal Ecosystems for an Improved Climate Change ACCCoast

German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)

GIZ 2012-2014??

Support to the Implementation of the Tri-national SSME Comprehensive Action Plan

German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)

GIZ 2012-2017

FishCORAL IFAD BFAR US $29 million 2014-2020 ECOFISH USAID BFAR and LGUs US $10.4 million 2012-2017 SCS UNDP - GEF BFAR US $2.89 million 2010-2014 SCREMP Philippine

Government DENR–BMB US $1.65 million 2013-2020

22. Among the five goals of the CTI, Goal 3/MPAs is supported by six of nine projects with Goal 2 / Fisheries ranking next (Table 3). Seascapes and species are the least supported.

Table 3: Projects supporting NPOA Implementation according to the Five Goals

Title of Goals of the CTI

7 A parallel tool that provides a more comprehensive listing and characterization of projects in the Philippines is the CTI Mapping Tool (http://geomaticon.com/cti_projects/; Accessed 22 January 2014.


http://geomaticon.com/cti_projects/


Project Seascapes Fisheries MPA Climate Change

Species

CTI-SEA ACCCoast SSME MKBA CCC-MPA SCS FishCORAL ECOFISH SCREMP

23. RETA 7813 and GIZ are two projects involved in seascape activities focusing on: (i) policy reform, i.e., harmonization with NIPAS Act; (ii) IEC campaign incorporating best practices in the SSME corridors; (iii) implementation of the SSME Conservation Plan and other priority seascape plans; and (iv) promotion of seascape plans to attract support and funding. 24. Common EAFM actions supported by projects include policy reform (Target 1, Action 1), research on EAFM processes (Target 1, Action 3) and information campaigns (Target 1, Action 6). Various actions in support of Target 2, “improved income, livelihoods and food security of an increasingly significant number (trend) of coastal communities across the region through a sustainable coastal fisheries and poverty reduction initiative (“COASTFISH”) are supported by four projects including CTI-SEA, GIZ, ECOFISH and FishCORAL. Of these four projects, FishCORAL has the clearest mandate relative to poverty reduction with expected impact of a 22% increase in household asset index of 188,130 poor households located in the 1,098 coastal barangays in the project sites plus decrease in incidence of child malnutrition from 24.4% to 5%. Meanwhile, ECOFISH targets a 10% increase in the number of people gaining employment or better employment from sustainable fisheries management from a baseline established at the start of the project and eight public-private partnerships supporting the objectives of the ECOFISH project. 25. While all eight MPA actions are ongoing, there are three which the current listing of projects do not directly support: (i) networking of centers of excellence, which was previously covered by the Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP) and the Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP), under some mentoring/capacity-building efforts; (ii) rehabilitate and manage mangrove forests; and (iii) implement the national seagrass strategy. Items 2 and 3 may very well be components of the PhilMarSaST or Action 1 or Action 3, the establishment of MPAs and MPA networks, but presently, there are no projects directly supporting action. GIZ, through both the ACCCOAST and SSME project and CTI–SEA support the implementation of PhilMarSaSt and the SSME plan of action in site-based work in Balabac and Tanon Strait, respectively, but for CTI-SEA also supporting national level MPA activities such as the MPA Awards Program. 26. Four projects collaborate on Action 3, i.e., identify priority mKBAs in the Philippines with at least one operational MPA network in each mKBA, including the mKBA project of UNDP (to start in 2014) and SCREMP. CTI-SEA and RARE have also indicated support for Action 3. As for Action 8, i.e., development of economic instruments for regulatory and revenue generation, CTI-SEA and SCREMP are contributing to this action. 27. Climate change actions are supported by three projects: CTI-SEA, ACCCOAST and SCREMP. SCREMP’s contributions are towards habitat and vulnerability assessments which are also being done by CTI-SEA for two sites: Moro Gulf and Taytay, Palawan. The ACCCOAST project is assisting in NPOA implementation through development of knowledge materials, CCA registry, and provision of small grants in support of climate adaptation.



28. Only GIZ, through the SSME and ACCCOAST project, is supporting Goal 5, Threatened Species, which focuses mainly on napoleon wrasse and sharks. The Philippines has submitted a budget request for consultant fees for 2013 but nothing follows thereafter. F. Costing of NPOA Implementation

29. A total of US$192 million is required to fully implement the Philippines NPOA from 2014-2020, or an average of US$27 million per year (Table 4). Of the total amount, 42%, on average, is required by Goal 1, Seascapes, owing to the implementation of the National Integrated Coastal Management Program in more than 700 municipalities and cities (Fig. 1). This budget was based on the proposal submitted by the Philippines to the High Level Financial Roundtable.

Table 4: Estimated Implementation Costs for the Philippine NPOA, 2014-2020 (in US$ million)

Goals of the CTI NPOA

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Req’t from 2014-2020

Seascapes 11.67 11.52 11.27 11.03 11.03 11.02 11.08 78.63 Fisheries 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 30.01 MPA 8.64 10.59 9.09 2.51 1.02 2.42 1.00 35.29 Climate Change 1.31 7.08 7.59 6.57 6.59 5.86 2.41 37.41 Species 2.03 1.72 1.45 1.62 1.39 0.99 1.87 11.07 TOTAL 27.95 35.21 33.69 26.02 24.32 24.58 20.65 192.41

Figure 1: Relative Share of Budget Requirements of the Five Goals (2014-2020)

30. Goal 3, or MPAs, requires 18% of the total budget with the years 2014-2016 requiring a total budget of US$10 million per year and then tapering off to less than US$2 million per year up to year 2020. 31. Expenditure requirements for climate change goal starts to pick up in 2015, averaging US$7 million per year for livelihood training, conduct of vulnerability assessments in new areas, disaster risk management training, and resettlement of communities.



32. Committed funding yielded an average of US$9 million per year up to 2020; however, the average is larger for years 2014-2016. Committed funding from government and partners contributes at least 44% to the total cost of NPOA implementation in 2014, tapering off to about 27% by 2020 (Fig. 2). Over the seven-year period, committed funding averaged 32%. The balance, or what is indicated as “unfunded”, may actually be less than what is estimated due to: (i) contributions of partners not involved in this costing process; and (ii) budget allocations from national government contributing to the CTI NPOA implementation which were not indicated as such.

Figure 2: Distribution between Funded and “Unfunded” Allocations for

CTI NPOA Implementation

33. Funding availability per goal is highest for Goal 2, Fisheries, which averages upwards of US$7 million and tapers off towards 2020 at US$5 million per year (Fig. 3). MPA has the second highest level of funding commitments that tapers off to an average of US$1.14 million towards 2019-2020. MPA funding availability assumes that SCREMP funding levels for 2014 are maintained through 2020, which is the duration of the program. The fact that Goals 2 and 3 are the most popular among the CTI goals based on partner interest explains discrepancy in funding availability. For the three other goals, funding levels are below the US$ 1 million mark, with Threatened Species having no committed funding whatsoever. Climate change funding is primarily sourced from the DENR’s SCREMP program through their activities in Habitat and Vulnerability Assessments, which are valued at US$0.5 million per year, up to 2020. The assumption applied to MPA funding is applied likewise, i.e., that 2014 budgets will be maintained and approved under the national budget. The 2014-2016 funding levels are marginally higher due to the contributions of ACCCOAST and the CTI-SEA projects.



Figure 3: Total Available Funding for CTI NPOA Implementation, by Goal

34. Over the planning period, the contribution of government funds relative to total committed funds from partners averaged 77% for fisheries and 57% for MPAs. 35. A comparison of funding availability vis-à-vis funding requirement per goal is shown in Figures 4-8. Committed funding for Seascapes amounts to US$1.5 million over seven years, covering only years 2014-2016 compared to total requirement of US$78 million. There is more funding than required for Goal 2 for all years up to 2020, and for MPAs, a surplus is registered for 2017/2018. Both fisheries and MPA are supported by government budgets. For the period 2014-2016, the MPA budget requirement will consist mainly of activities identified by the SSME Plan of Action consisting of the formulation of plans and policies in support of MPA and MPA Networks and the development of programs to support hatchling production and management of nesting habitats. Thereafter, the funding requirements would decline, thus registering a surplus in 2017, 2018, and 2020.

Figure 4: Funding Availability vis-à-vis Funding Requirement for Goal 1, Seascapes (2014-2020) in US$



Figure 5: Funding Availability vis-à-vis Funding Requirement for Goal 2, Fisheries (2014-2020) in US$

Figure 6: Funding Availability vis-à-vis Funding Requirement for Goal 3, MPAs (2014-2020) in US$



Figure 7: Funding Availability vis-à-vis Funding Requirement for Goal 4, Climate Change (2014-2020) in US$

Figure 8: Funding Availability Vis-À-Vis Funding Requirement for Goal 5, Species

(2014-2020 in US$)

36. Funding for climate change is constant from 2014-2020, with funds coming from the SCREMP program. The funding gap for climate change work is huge, with funding requirements averaging upwards of US$7 million. Conduct of research studies, expanding coverage of



vulnerability assessments, training on livelihood adaptation, and maintenance of a database require significant investments. Underestimation of funds may well be the case for Goal 4, because funds coursed through the Climate Change Commission and the local governments implementing climate change programs themselves, and directly availing of funds have not been included in the analysis. It is worth noting that vulnerability assessments of coastal areas and identification of climate adaptation measures may well overlap with projects implemented by local governments; however, research studies on climate change impacts to biodiversity of fisheries and coastal resources is a unique feature of the NPOA as well as the formation of centers of excellence. 37. As for threatened species, the funding requirement is the least among the five goals; unfortunately, no firm commitment can be deduced from this study.

G. Recurrent Costs of NPOA Implementation

38. The steps in estimating the costs of NPOA implementation allowed a further analysis into recurrent activities, or activities that require consistent implementation throughout the lifetime of the CTI Plan of Action and beyond. These are activities which should be considered by national agencies as part of their regular programming. Included as recurrent costs are costs of implementing plans and strategies requiring planning and coordination of activities including site-based work, consultations and research studies. The NPOA lists several plans of action requiring full implementation across the five goals (Table 5).

Table 5: Listing of Plans Requiring Full Implementation by the NPOA and the Required and Committed Levels of Funding

Implementation of Plans and Strategies Funding Required (in US$ million)

Current Funding Levels

Funding Partner

SSME Conservation Plan 1.37 1.45 GIZ -SSME Executive Order Number 533 or the National Integrated Coastal Management Policy

10.90 0

Implement the Philippine Marine Sanctuary Strategy

2.4 0

National Plan of Action for IUU fishing 2.5 3.2 CTI-SEA, ECOFISH; FishCoral

National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks and other Cartilaginous Fishes

0.88 0

Implementation of the Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan

0.63 3.2 ECOFISH; FishCoral

Implementation of the National Seagrass Strategy

Not costed

National Plans of Action for the Conservation and Management of Marine Turtles and Dugong (NPOA-MT/D)

2.7 0

Implement the Wildlife Act and establish the necessary institutional mechanisms to manage wildlife trading

2.7 0

39. Several plans have been prepared requiring funding in order to be implemented. Ironically, those which are funded are overfunded, indicating that donor preferences are similar or there is a possibility that funds are leveraged. Committed funding for NPOA actions was also culled from the workshop outputs and based on specific costing per action/sub-action. In cases where no sub-actions and cost elements were provided (as in the case of ECOFISH and FishCoral), the budget per target level was simply divided by the number of actions.



40. This does not suggest that partner funding for the implementation of these plans of actions are unwelcome. In fact specific activities (such as consultations, IEC, research) can be supported by partners. However, full implementation of such plans requires a long-term programming preferably led by government, with component activities ultimately converging with regular programs and funded by the national budget or through database/knowledge management and M&E activities may also be considered as recurrent activities. Projects supported by donors oftentimes set up their own database/knowledge and M & E systems that are discontinued. NPOA implementation will spawn a large body of data and information that should be tracked, along with the targets and indicators set forth. Goal 2, Fisheries, requires knowledge management and improvement of the national vessel registry system. For Goal 3, there is reference to tools for assessing management effectiveness, such as the MEAT. Goal 4, Climate Change, requires a strong data management support including directory of experts, data resulting from vulnerability assessments, maintenance of CCA registry, and M&E. 41. Enforcement represents another set of activities requiring full government support owing to the sensitivity of some operations and the legal implications therein. For Goal 2, enforcement is made explicit in actions pertaining to IUU fishing, MCS and destructive fishing provisions of the Fisheries Code, trade laws pertaining to live reef fish trade, and support to Police Environment Desk Officers, Fishery Law Enforcement Teams, and Coastal Law Enforcement Teams. CTI-SEA shall support enforcement activities through preparation of ordinances and monitoring implementation thereof; no direct enforcement is planned. Under Goal 5, the enforcement activity identified refers to the strengthening of the ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement network, under the implementation of the Wildlife Act. H. Conclusions and Recommendations

42. Around US$192 million is required to fully implement the CTI NPOA of the Philippines from 2014-2020, or an average of US$27 million per year. Meanwhile, total committed funding up to 2020 is US$62 million. At the aggregate, there is an apparent funding gap for NPOA implementation averaging almost 70% for the next seven years; however, further analysis of funding availability at the goal level indicates that the funding situation is not dire. In fact, for fisheries and MPAs, the strong role of national government, through the SCREMP and FishCORAL project appears to be consistent with sustainable financing recommendations, i.e., for government to reduce reliance on donor funding. Likewise, there seems to be a convergence of donor funding for particular actions and a seeming lack of commitment for the others; thus, the three other goals are either underfunded or unfunded. 43. The task at hand is to ensure that the targets set for 2020 are met; however, the funding needs must be addressed first and foremost. A few actions are put forth for consideration of the NCC:

• Organize a Target Setting exercise for the NPOA, which can articulate the higher level targets of the NPOA – ideally with numerical indicators – and converge with other targets (such as the Aichi Targets and the National Development Plan targets). As discussed during the Costing Workshop, the target setting should involve senior officials with the NCC providing technical support;

• Convene a small working group to identify activities that can be absorbed by the budget allocations of the DENR and BFAR. The list of recurrent activities discussed in the previous section can be the starting point. The same working group can identify which activities can be packaged for donor support;



• Consider developing capsule proposals for the under/unfunded actions and organize a donor’s roundtable. For the most part, the costing spreadsheets are structured in a manner that will facilitate proposal preparation with cost elements and cost quantities explicitly identified. This activity may be supported by one of more of the partners with existing funding commitments over the next seven years.

• Lead the current batch of donors in determining and piloting various modalities for SF (user fee systems, departure fees, payments for ecosystem services, taxes, registration and licensing, trust funds, private-public sector partnerships) and ensure that learnings and best practices are shared.

• Ensure policy support for sustainable financing methodologies with high probability of success.

44. Ultimately, the success of NPOA implementation is not measured by the funding generated but by the desired impacts and the country’s contribution to the regional initiative.



Annex 1

Planning and Costing the Philippines’ CTI NPOA Tagaytay City, Philippines, 4–5 June 2013

WORKSHOP AGENDA

Day 1, 4 June 2013, Tuesday Time Session Responsible Person(s) 0730-1000 Travel from Manila to Tagaytay NCC Organizing Committee

1000-1030 Opening Session • Welcome Remarks • Planning and Charting the CTI:

2014-2020

USEC MANUEL GEROCHI Undersecretary for Programs, Policy and Planning, DENR, CTI Co - Chair

MR. PAVIT RAMACHANDRAN Environment Specialist Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Division (SEER) Southeast Asia Department ADB

1030-1045 Presentation of Workshop Rationale and Agenda

MR. RAUL ROLDAN Deputy Team Leader, CTI SEA PHI-PMU, ADB RETA 7813

1045-1115 Overview of the Philippine Development Plan and its Implications on CTI Planning

MR. NHEDEN AMIEL SARNE Natural Resources Division Agriculture Staff, NEDA

1115-1145 Presentation 1: What Has Been Done in terms of Costing the PHI NPOA

DR. CHRISTINE CASAL CTI Database Expert and MS. ABBIE TRINIDAD Resource Economist/Sustainable Financing Specialist, CTI SEA PHI-PMU ADB RETA 7813

1145-1215 Presentation 2: M and E system for CTI: Targets and Indicators

MS. LUZ BASKINAS Vice President, WWF- Philippines Member, MEWG

1215-1330 Lunch Break

1330-1430 Workshop 1: Review of the Status of Implementation of NPOA Action

Five Workshop Groups organized around Five Goals of CTI NPOA

1430-1500 Plenary and Agreements on Workshop 1 Results

Five Workshop Groups Facilitator

1500-1830 • Workshop 2: Operationalizing the NPOA- 2014-2020

• Guidance to Costing

Five Workshop Groups MS. ABBIE TRINIDAD

1830-1900 Freshen up for Dinner

COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE:

SOUTHEAST ASIA (RETA 7813)


1930- 2130 Dinner

Day 2, 5 June 2013, Wednesday Time Session Responsible Persons

0900-1000 Continuation of Workshop 2: Operationalizing the NPOA- 2014-2020

Five Workshop Groups

1000-1030 Plenary Presentation of Workshop 3 Results and Cost Consolidation

MS. SURIE ALIP Facilitator

1030-1230 Partner Presentations on Contribution to NPOA implementation 2014-2020

Partners

1230-1330 Lunch

1330-1530 Summary of Workshop Outputs Next Steps and Closing

USEC MANUEL GEROCHI

1530-1600 Snacks and Departure




Annex 2

List of Participants A. CTI National Coordination Committee

1. Mr. Jacob Meimban Executive Director, DENR CMMO 2. Mr. Angelito V. Fontanila Director IV, Financial and Management

Services, DENR 3. Ms. Lynette Laroya Senior Ecosystems Specialist, DENR

CMMO 4. Ms. Jessica Muñoz Director, BFAR PMO 5. Ms. Nheden Ameil D. Sarne National Resources Division Agriculture

Staff, NEDA 6. Ms. Imelda R. Dela Cruz DENR – OSEC FMS 7. Ms. Christy Gempes CMMO, PAWB 8. Dr. Porfirio Aliño Decision Support Specialist, UP-MSI 9. Ms. Luz Baskinas VP for Project Development, WWF

Philippines 10. Mr. Enrique Nuñez Marine Program Director, Conservation

International 11. Ms. Evangeline Miclat Policy and Development Senior Manager

Conservation International 12. Mr. Bladimir Mancenido Executive Coordinator, League of

Municipalities of the Philippines 13. Mr. Vincent Leongson CMMO, PAWB 14. Mr. Rizal Martinez DENR

B. Other Partners

15. Dr. Christine Casal Fishbase Information and Management Group (FIN)

16. Ms. Dolores Fabunan Senior Adviser, GIZ-ACCOAST 17. Mr. Gerry Silvestre USAID ECOFISH 18. Mr. Len Garces Research Fellow, WFC 19. Ms. Niva Gonzales Project Development Specialist, UNDP 20. Ms. Rebecca Guieb USAID 21. Ms. Rina Rosales ECOFISH 22. Ms. Rocky Tirona Programme Officer, RARE 23. Dr. Samuel Mamauag Fisheries Specialist, UP-MSI 24. Mr. Albert Vargas ECOFISH 25. Ms. Anna Cubos Conservation International

C. CTI SEA Consultant Team and Others

26. Mr. Raul Roldan Deputy Team Leader, PHI-PMU 27. Ms. Annabelle Trinidad SF Specialist, PHI-PMU 28. Mr. Angelo Lumba KM Specialist, BFAR 29. Ms. Rutchel Macasa Project Coordinator, RPMO 30. Ms. Andy Lim Project Coordinator, PHI-PMU 31. Ms. Paz Resurreccion Alip Workshop Facilitator




Annex 3

GOAL 1: "PRIORITY SEASCAPES" DESIGNATED AND EFFECTIVELY MANAGED Target 1 Completed Ongoing Not Started

No.1: Conduct prioritization exercise in support of selecting a new candidate seascape from South China Sea, Northeast Philippine Pacific Seaboard, and Southeast Philippine Pacific Seaboard

No.2: Develop a master plan from which an investment plan will be prepared for the priority seascape

No.3: Document best practices for sharing with otherCT6 countries

Target 2 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Align existing seascape models with policy and legal framework of the Philippines such as the NIPAS Act

No.2: Implement Executive Order #533

No.3: Develop and implement an IEC campaign incorporating best practices in the SSME corridors

No.4: Support the coordination and joint implementation of the SSME Conservation Plan (CP) and other priority seascape plans

No.5: Promote multi-sectoral participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the Seascape Management and Investment Plans at varying levels of governance

No.6: Promote and market seascape plans and component activities to draw support and funding

GOAL NO. 2 - EAFM AND OTHER MARINE RESOURCES FULLY APPLIED

Target 1 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Review and update existing policies, e.g. Republic Act 8550 (Fisheries Code of the Philippines), RA 7586 [National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS Act], RA 7160 (Local Government Code), National Marine Policy taking into consideration the Archipelagic Development Framework (ArcDev) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) to achieve EAFM

No.2: Adopt and Implement Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan (CNFIDP)

No.3: Undertake relevant research that will feed into EAFM policy processes

No.4: Formulate appropriate strategies or enabling mechanisms to address critical threats and implement viable fisheries management mechanisms by working closely with municipal and commercial fishers, local government units, national government agencies and other key stakeholders




No.5: Finalize, adopt and implement the NPOA for IUU fishing and contribute to regional efforts addressing IUU fishing, including formulation of laws to address IUU fishing

No.6: Conduct an IEC campaign and disseminate lessons learned

No.7: Adopt and enforce pertinent fishery and environmental policies

Target 2 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Document and review lessons learned from past and current projects on coastal and marine resource management

No.2: Conduct value chain analysis of fishery products

No.3: Design and implement programs contributing to the COASTFISH initiatives

No.4: Develop and implement capacity building activities on mainstreaming EAFM for local government leagues and community-based organizations

Target 3 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Implement the National Tuna Management Plan and develop management plans for other species

No.2: Formulate national implementing rules and regulations on fishing capacity, vessel monitoring system (VMS), fish aggregating device (FAD) observer program, by-catch monitoring

No.3: Improve the national vessel registry system

No.4: Identify and improve the management and protection of tuna spawning areas and fish refugia

No.5: Strengthen the existing National Tuna Industry Council and other tuna industry organizations

No.6: Build a capacity for tuna stock assessment

Target 4 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Develop and implement sustainable live reef fish trade (LRFT) management plans particularly in the north western Sulu Sea

No.2: Update RA 8550 that will reflect a sustainable LRFT in the Philippines

No.3: Conduct studies on and mapping of reef fish spawning aggregation and implement seasonal closure of spawning areas

No.4: Develop full-cycle mariculture projects for live reef fish species, especially high value species

No.5: Strictly enforce fishing laws that affect the live reef food fish industry

No.6: Create the live reef food fish trade council




No.7: Conduct assessment and development schemes for reef-based ornamentals

GOAL NO. 3 - MPAs ESTABLISHED AND EFFECTIVELY MANAGED

Target 1 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Implement the Philippine marine sanctuary strategy

No.2: Implement the SSME MPA Sub-Committee Work Plan

No.3: Identify priority marine key biodiversity areas (mKBAs) in the Philippines with at least one operational MPA network in each mKBA

No.3: Identify priority mKBAs in the Philippines with at least one operational MPA network in each mKBA

No.4: Link, network and develop new National Marine Centers of Excellence

No.5: Strengthen capacity of local government units and support services of the national government agencies on MPA management

No.6: Establish appropriate economic instruments for regulatory and revenue generating objectives

No.7: Rehabilitate and manage mangrove forests

No.8: Develop, adopt and implement the national seagrass strategy

GOAL NO. 4 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES ACHIEVED

Target 1 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1. Conduct vulnerability and risk assessments due to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events, sea level rise, flooding, storm surges, etc.

No.2. Identify, document and implement immediate climate adaptation measures

No.3. Mainstream early warning systems for vulnerable coastal settlements as a result of impacts of climate change

No.4. Formulate a Climate Change Adaptation Plan consistent with AO 171 (Creating the Presidential Task Force on Climate Change or PTFCC) and EO 774 (Reorganizing the PTFCC) and mobilize resources for implementation. The Plan should be consistent with other national policies on foreshore management, population management, watershed management, ICM, solid waste management, and resettlement of coastal communities. It should likewise contain sustainable financing strategies for climate change adaptation measures.

No.5. Engage the private sector in improving disaster risk management and develop economic incentives for entities using climate




friendly technologies No.6. Implement laws on prevention of marine pollution by garbage, sewage, oil and other harmful substances and biota from land and ship-based sources

No.7. Develop infrastructure designs and technologies to adapt to climate change, in partnership with government instrumentalities (i.e., Phil. Ports Authority, DPWH, HLURB, etc.)

No.8. Mainstream ICM and climate change in formal educational institutions

Target 2 Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1. Identify the appropriate institutional mechanism to coordinate and network activities on climate change adaptation

No.2. Mobilize financial and technical resources to support the national center of excellence, if needed

No.3. Develop appropriate communication messages on climate change adaptation and incorporate these in formal and non-formal education channels.

GOAL NO. 5 THREATENED SPECIES STATUS IMPROVING

Completed Ongoing Not Started No.1: Conduct red list assessments of priority marine species in the Philippines under Global Marine Species Assessment (GMSA)

No.2: Endorse and implement the NPOA for the Conservation and Management of Sharks and other Cartilaginous Fishes

No.3: Support the establishment of the National Committee on marine turtles and dugong, and adopt NPOA for the Conservation and Management of Marine Turtles and Dugong (NPOA-MT/D)

No.4: Conduct surveys and monitor seabirds in priority mKBAs in the Philippines

No.5: Support the establishment of the National Red List Committee on cetaceans and adopt a NPOA for the Conservation and Management of Cetaceans

No.6: Conduct stock assessments, evaluate catch trends of commercially important species, and propose management recommendations for over-exploited fish species/populations by BFAR/NFRDI/NSAP

No.7: Develop a National Plan of Action on Invasive Alien Species (IAS)

No.8. Implement the Wildlife Act and establish the necessary institutional mechanisms to manage wildlife trading



APPENDIX 16:

Minutes of Meeting on

Presentation of CTI

Project Mapping Tool to

the NCC, Philippines

MMM

APPENDIX 16: MINUTES OF MEETING ON PRESENTATION OF CTI PROJECT MAPPING TOOL Page 1


PRESENTATION OF CTI PROJECT MAPPING TOOL TO THE CTI NCC, PHILIPPINES BFAR Conference Room, 25 February 2014

MINUTES OF MEETING

A. Highlights of the Meeting 1. BFAR Assistant Director Benjamin Tabios acknowledged the national importance of the CTI Mapping Tool as well as the extent of the technical support it may offer to field officers with the use of tablets. 2. The Database Specialist briefly discussed the challenges and limitations encountered during the development of the first version of the CTI Project Mapping Tool. Slow, incomplete, or no feedback from partner offices contributed to the challenge on gathering of project data. Overall mapping challenges in Version 1 include complexity of interface and database, browser incompatibility, high cost, promised too much, and limited to no user engagement. 3. The Geographic Information System (GIS) Specialist presented the second version of the CTI Project Mapping Tool. The new workflow design used in the improved version of the tool cuts back the long process of data gathering and eliminates the use of project forms in Excel sheets. The new workflow has a user log in feature that allows users to directly fill up project feedback forms on the web map. 4. The GIS Specialist also demonstrated editing and entering of project data to the web map. Limitations on plotting of a site and multiple sites of one project on map as well as refresh duration were observed. B. Comments and Suggestions 5. The International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) suggested that other aquaculture and mariculture projects and fisheries resources be included in the map. 6. Dr. Nelson Lopez suggested collaboration between the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) and CTI SEA. 7. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) suggested that the source of information be reflected on the map through the log-in feature. The NEDA Monitoring and Evaluation staff was identified as possible information sources for existing projects. It was suggested that the mapping team meet with NEDA to discuss further. 8. ECOFISH commented that the development of the mobile application for the mapping tool may not be practical since the expected number of users may be smaller. It may be a good idea to conduct baseline studies before developing a mobile application to determine usefulness to stakeholders. The Web Map Developer suggested redesigning the layout of the existing map tool to be responsive to different mobile devices instead. This means that the Drupal theme would be changed so that the embedded Google Maps could be responsive - i.e., menus would be dynamically arranged depending on the size of the screen.



9. Conservation International (CI) acknowledged the importance and usefulness of the tool to the NCCs and expressed interest to roll-out the tool to their project sites once it is ready to hand out log in. C. Next Steps 10. The KM Specialist announced the regional launching of the CTI Mapping Tool V2.0 at the ADB pre-conference session of the World Coral Reef Conference (WCRC) in Manado, Indonesia in May 2014. The Philippine NCCs and partners (see Annex 1) were encouraged to actively participate in the development of the tool to instigate the involvement of CT6 and other countries. 11. Coordination and linkage with other development partners will be further strengthened through meetings with point persons from agencies that can provide feedback and input for the tool, such as the MPA Support Network (MSN).


Annex 1

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS I. Philippine NCC

A. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) 1. Mr. Benjamin F. S. Tabios, Jr. Assistant Director for Administrative

Services 2. Ms. Sandra V. R. Arcamo Chief Aquaculturist, Fisheries

Resources Management Division (FRMD)

3. Ms. Mercedita A. Tan Aquaculturist II, FRMD 4. Mr. Ron C. Ortega Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture

Division (IFAD) 5. Dr. Nelson A. Lopez Chief Aquaculturist, IFAD 6. Mr. John Gil Cayabyab Fisheries Information Management

Center (FIMC)

B. Coastal and Marine Division (CMD), Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) 7. Ms. Angelita P. Meniado Officer-In-Charge 8. Ms. Lynette Laroya CMD, BMB 9. Mr. Pablo delos Reyes, Jr. CMD,BMB 10. Ms. Nilda S. Baling CMD, BMB 11. Mr. Mark Pacalioca CMD, BMB 12. Mr. Nilo Ramoso Biologist III, WRD 13. Mr. John Erick Avelino Technical Coordinator for CTI SEA 14. Ms. Patrie Cianne Gelvezon Project Evaluation Officer II

II. OTHER AGENCIES

15. Ms. Evangeline Miclat, Conservation International (CI), Philippines

16. Ms. Lilybeth R. Deapera Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) 17. Ms. Jane Desiree Andal National Economic and Development

Authority (NEDA) 18. Mr. Nonoy Ibuna GIZ – Philippines 19. Mr. Judah S. Aliposa Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable

Fisheries (ECOFISH) Project 20. Ms. Rina Rosales ECOFISH Project 21. Mr. Kester Yu Office of the Presidential Adviser for

Environmental Protection (OPAEP) 22. Mr. Paul Saludar PD Officer, WWF 23. Mr. Alex Lapiz Climate Change Commission (CCC)

III. RETA 7813

24. Ms. Lourdes Margarita Caballero Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist, Regional Project Management Office (RPMO)

25. Ms. Christine Casal Database Specialist



26. Mr. Lothar Linde GIS Specialist 27. Mr. Val Gonzales Web Map Developer 28. Ms. Dana Rose Salonoy KM Assistant, RPMO 29. Mr. Angelo Jose Lumba Technical Coordinator for CTI SEA,

Project Management Office (PMO), BFAR



APPENDIX 17:

Minutes of Regional

Meeting of the CTI

Project Mapping

Tool Team

MMM

APPENDIX 17: MINUTES OF REGIONLA MEETING OF THE CTI PROJECT MAPPING TOOL TEAM Page 1

MINUTES OF REGIONAL MEETING OF THE CTI PROJECT MAPPING TOOL TEAM

ADB Headquarters, Philippines, 25 February 2014 A. Participants

Mr. R. Rizki Andhitya Yunanto, Program and Communications Officer, NCC Indonesia, CTI-CFF Ir. Tomi Supratomo, Representative, NCC Indonesia, CTI-CFF Dr. Ejria Saleh, Project Manager, CTI Sabah/University of Malaysia, Sabah Mr. Val Gonzales, Web Map Developer for the CTI Project Mapping Tool Mr. Guillermo L. Morales, Team Leader, Regional Project Management Office (RPMO), ADB RETA 7813 Ms. Lourdes Margarita Caballero, Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist, RPMO, ADB RETA 7813 Ms. Dana Rose Salonoy, KM Assistant, RPMO, ADB RETA 7813 Ms. Christine Casal, Database Specialist for CTI Project Mapping Tool Mr. Angelo Jose Lumba, Technical Coordinator for ADB RETA 7813, Project Management Office (PMO), BFAR

B. Summary

1. Mr. Tomi Supratomo encouraged the team to focus on identifying user buy-in to be able to receive more support for the tool. He stressed the importance of communicating the reason why the stakeholders should contribute to the development of the tool as well as the benefits of its use in organizational and national planning. 2. As the edit feature requires more bandwidth, there is a need to identify the possible number of users to be able to justify the request for increase in server capacity. The web map developer suggested to invest more in data infrastructure rather than equipment as increase in bandwidth demands a higher cost. 3. As initially agreed upon, all CTI-related projects that have been implemented from 2009 onwards, regardless of their status (i.e., completed, ongoing, to be implemented), can be added to the map. C. Suggestions 4. To further aid in planning and to enhance the utility of the tool, it was suggested to add report features or data analysis functions (e.g., pie chart and graphs), as well as meta-tagging features to the tool. The structured tagging or controlled tabulation may also be utilized for queries and tags may be linked to goals in the National Plan of Action (NPOA). 5. To improve data gathering and increase the number of users of the tool, it was suggested to provide incentives to agencies, which will input and upload data. For example, major data contributors may be featured in the website. Likewise, the addition of publication data (e.g., link to publication or project information) to the map may be another way to reach the academe and be presented as a good selling point to research centers.


APPENDIX 17: MINUTES OF REGIONLA MEETING OF THE CTI PROJECT MAPPING TOOL TEAM Page 2

D. Next Steps 6. Review stakeholder analysis in the Philippines and consult with Malaysia, and Indonesia project officers as well as other stakeholders to identify their needs. Identify the institutions from the CT3 that will contribute data and adjust incentives according to their different goals or needs. 7. Develop a strategic marketing campaign tailored for stakeholders from CT3, which highlight the benefits of developing the tool as well as possible consequences of lack of contribution. Create messages that focus on the bigger picture, that is, national planning and development (Fig. 1). Figure1: Mind Map for Gathering Support for the CTI Project Mapping Tool Version 2.0

Presented by Pak Tomi Supratomo, Representative, NCC Indonesia

8. Study the benefits of endorsement to national monitoring and/or planning agencies, which directly monitor projects implemented by different institutions, for example, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and the Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS).


APPENDIX 18:

Program Highlights,

CTI-CFF: Sustainable

Financing and Stock-take

MMM

APPENDIX 18: PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS – CTI-CFF: SUSTAINABLE FINANCING AND STOCK-TAKE Page 1

PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS – CTI-CFF: SUSTAINABLE FINANCING AND STOCK-TAKE


APPENDIX 19:

Details of Specialist’ Inputs

MMM

APPENDIX 19: DETAILS OF SPECIALIST INPUTS Page 1


HOME FIELD TOTAL HOME FIELD TOTAL HOME FIELD TOTAL HOME FIELD TOTAL

1 Guillermo L. MORALES 1.62 22.38 24.00 2.14 0.83 2.97 12.48 5.41 17.89 (10.86) 16.97 6.11

2 Jessie B. ARNUCO 15.70 2.30 18.00 3.00 0.00 3.00 18.14 1.15 19.29 (2.44) 1.15 (1.29)

3 James T. BERDACH 18.92 5.08 24.00 0.55 0.50 1.05 2.81 2.73 5.54 16.11 2.35 18.46

4 Annadel Cabanban 1.17 7.83 9.00 0.66 0.50 1.16 4.82 3.52 8.34 (3.65) 4.31 0.66

5 Antony David LEWIS 2.77 9.23 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.77 0.95 2.59 8.46 11.05

6 Rosa T. PEREZ 4.38 1.62 6.00 0.55 0.47 1.01 2.73 1.37 4.09 1.65 0.25 1.91

7 Lope A. CALANOG 6.46 2.54 9.00 0.59 0.13 0.72 1.27 0.57 1.84 5.19 1.97 7.16

51.02 50.98 102.00 7.48 2.43 9.91 42.43 15.51 57.94 8.59 35.47 44.06100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 14.66% 4.77% 9.72% 83.17% 30.42% 56.80% 16.83% 69.58% 43.20%

7 Johannes SUBIJANTO 22.62 1.38 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.17 5.17 18.62 0.21 18.83

8 Iswari BUDIASTUTI 22.62 1.38 24.00 2.36 0.37 2.73 11.64 3.47 15.10 10.98 (2.09) 8.90

45.24 2.76 48.00 2.36 0.37 2.73 15.64 4.63 20.27 29.60 (1.87) 27.73100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 5.22% 13.29% 5.69% 34.56% 167.87% 42.23% 65.44% -67.87% 57.77%

9 Daniel R. MONINTJA 41.31 6.69 48.00 2.68 0.07 2.75 15.00 2.70 17.70 26.31 3.99 30.30

10 Dr. BUDIMAWAN 27.23 5.77 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.77 1.67 9.44 19.46 4.10 23.56

11 Asmuni MOCHTAR* 9.69 2.31 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.69 2.31 12.00

12 Gusti Anggara KASIH 14.31 3.69 18.00 1.41 0.30 1.71 7.41 0.60 8.01 6.90 3.09 9.99

13 Mohammad EFFENDI 10.38 1.62 12.00 0.59 0.00 0.59 8.05 0.93 8.98 2.33 0.69 3.02

14 Suparman A. DIRAPUTRA* 5.92 2.08 8.00 0.91 0.00 0.91 0.91 0.00 0.91 5.01 2.08 7.09

15 Lydia NAPITUPULU 19.62 4.38 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.23 0.77 19.07 4.15 23.23

128.46 26.54 155.00 5.59 0.37 5.96 39.68 6.13 45.81 88.78 20.41 109.19100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 4.35% 1.38% 3.84% 30.89% 23.09% 29.55% 69.11% 76.91% 70.45%

16 Beatrice Beth BAIKAN 41.54 6.46 48.00 2.80 0.00 2.80 16.24 2.36 18.61 25.30 4.10 29.39

17 Abdul Rahman RIDZWAN 22.85 4.15 27.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.75 1.05 22.55 3.40 25.95

18 Wan Abdul Fata 6.62 1.38 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.62 1.38 8.00

19 Ramzah DAMBUL 5.08 0.92 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.08 0.92 6.00

20 Lanashree THANDA 4.92 2.08 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.92 2.08 7.00

21 Nurulhuda FATAN 6.46 2.54 9.00 0.18 0.00 0.18 1.23 0.50 1.73 5.23 2.04 7.27

22 Alin JAMES 9.69 2.31 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.69 2.31 12.00

23 Daniel DOUGHTY 3.08 0.92 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.08 0.92 4.00

100.24 20.76 121.00 2.98 0.00 2.98 17.77 3.61 21.38 82.47 17.15 99.62100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 2.97% 0.00% 2.46% 17.72% 17.40% 17.67% 82.28% 82.60% 82.33%

24 Raul G. ROLDAN 42.69 5.31 48.00 2.55 0.45 3.00 16.07 1.89 17.96 26.62 3.42 30.04

25 Benjamin J. GONZALES 30.15 7.85 38.00 1.05 0.57 1.61 4.41 1.50 5.91 25.74 6.35 32.09

26 Candido A. CABRIDO 12.23 2.77 15.00 1.42 0.10 1.52 4.07 0.40 4.47 8.16 2.37 10.53

27 Annabelle C. TRINIDAD 34.00 6.00 40.00 0.82 0.00 0.82 3.20 0.17 3.36 30.80 5.83 36.64

28 Jay L. BATONGBACAL 5.92 2.08 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.17 0.30 5.79 1.91 7.70

29 Roger SAVELLA 7.62 16.38 24.00 0.50 1.40 1.90 2.52 6.05 8.57 5.10 10.33 15.43

30 Amida Diwata JASMA 7.62 16.38 24.00 0.45 0.83 1.29 2.32 3.55 5.87 5.30 12.83 18.13

31 Malcolm SARMIENTO 9.70 2.30 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.70 2.30 12.00

149.93 59.07 209.00 6.78 3.35 10.13 32.71 13.73 46.44 117.22 45.35 162.56100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 4.52% 5.67% 4.85% 21.82% 23.24% 22.22% 78.18% 76.76% 77.78%

474.89 160.11 635.00 25.19 6.52 31.71 148.23 43.60 191.83 326.66 116.51 443.17

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 5.31% 4.07% 4.99% 31.21% 27.23% 30.21% 68.79% 72.77% 69.79%Percentage from Total Contract

Percentage of sub-totalPhilippine Project Management Unit (PMU PHL)

Sub-total PMU PHLPercentage of sub-total

TOTAL SERVICES

Percentage of sub-totalIndonesia Project Management Unit (PMU INO)

Sub-total PMU INOPercentage of sub-totalMalaysia Project Management Unit (PMU MAL)

Sub-total PMU MAL

Regional Project Management Office (RPMO)

Sub-total RPMOPercentage of sub-totalInterim Regional Secretariat Secretariat (IRS)

Sub-total IRS

TA 7813 - REG COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE - SOUTHEAST ASIA - T2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT (44113-012)

MONTHLY STATEMENT OF CONSULTANT INPUTS

Expert Name TOTAL CONTRACT PROVISIONINPUTS FOR THE QUARTER

(JAN-MAR 2014)CUMULATIVE INPUTS AS OF

31st MARCH 2014BALANCE AS OF 31st MARCH2014

DETAILS OF SPECIALIST INPUTS, JANUARY - MARCH 2014

COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE...

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