Coaching

Chantelle Enesa & Keli Fuimaono

What is Coaching in Sports ?Coaching is the organised provision of assistance to an individual performer or a group of performers in order to help them develop and improve in their chosen sport. Coaching therefore involves instruction, teaching and training, but it also has additional distinctive features.

-National Coaching Foundation, 1986

Philosophy on Coaching• A philosophy helps guide you

everyday and it helps you interpret the events in life and provide direction

• Coaches without well developed philosophies lack direction and readily succumb to external pressures

• Philosophy is the foundation from which a coach will develop their entire approach to sport psychology

- Martens, 1942

Perspectives on Coaching

“Its like a guideline for whatever you want to achieve”

“without them its like your kind of lost”

Carl Ropati

“the coach is effective because there the ones that are making the decisions for the whole team”

“what they decide is going to effect how if they win or if they lose”

Pamela Kelly

Spectator’s Perspective

Players/Team Perspective

“… the whole concept of teaching …….skills…. Principles….values

The structures that they have learnt in their sports has been continued throughout their learning

Diane Poroveta

“An effective coach disciplines his team” –Saul Osaki

Parents Perspective

Sports player’s Perspective

Coaching is as much about people as it is about technique and tactics. Coaches directly influence athletes by guiding and teaching. The heart of the coaching process is insuring a safe learning environment.

Australian Sports Commission, 2001

Coaches abilities are diverse and each coach is at a different development level. However, every coach can always improve. As we continue to coach, we constantly refine and enhance our coaching skills. It is important to judge the effectiveness of that process rather than any particular outcome. If coaches are not achieving success they need to look at changing what they are doing, that is , changing the process.

Hanrahan & Kidman, 2004

Effective CoachingEffective coaching depends on intending to maximise the potential of the performer/s and recognising the long term needs of the performer or team.

If success is only about beating others, then it can only become a dangerous weapon. As a good coach you have a responsibility to keep a balanced view of participation and fair play and above all justice in the minds and behaviour of all your performers.

National Coaching Foundation, 1986

- Effective and not so effective e.g. There are some coaches that use all resources available to them- coaches that don’t care and that are there just because they have to be there.

- Not all coaching styles are the same therefore the responses aren’t the same

- Coaching can be effective when one develops a successful philosophy where - they know why coaches coach- Know why athletes participate- Consider opinions of others- Communicate their philosophy with others

- Australian Coaching Council, 1990

Styles of CoachingAuthoritarian: A command coach. Strict and Disciplined. Punishes frequently. Good team spirit when winning. Dissension when losing. Has the personality to handle being hated in order to have respect.

Business Like: Not people orientated. Is keen on seeing the job done. Expects 100% effort at all times.

Nice Guy Coach: Players sometimes takes advantage of coach’s personable cooperative nature. Gets on well with athletes of similar temperament who are likely to be already self disciplined.

Intense Coach: Transmits anxiety by his uptight attitude.

Easy Going Coach: Casual or submissive. Gives impression of not being serious.

Australian Sports Commission, 1990.

When 200 undergraduates students were asked to compile a list of characteristics that described a good coach they came up with the following

-Patient Flexible -Experienced -Organized -A good communicator -Open Minded -Motivator -Punctual -Sense of Humour -Uses time wisely -Adventurous

Potrac,Jones & Cassidy 2004

Why is it important ?• Provides guidance

• Develops a team

• Aspect of motivation for a young person

• Positive youth development

• Provides a coach with professional development

• Enables development of skills

• Prepares an athlete

New Zealand Initiative’sSports and Recreation New Zealand

Everyone. Every day. Enjoying and excelling through sport and recreation.

To achieve the SPARC vision SPARC has identified 5 main areas. These areas are

• Young New Zealanders 0 – 18 • Grassroots sport• Recreation• Partner Capability • High Performance

SPARC

Leads• Advocacy, facilitation and bringing the sector together. • Providing research, identifying and sharing good practice.Invest• Investing in partners to deliver results.Enable• Building the capability of our partners – systems, processes and tools. • Providing experts and research. • Providing sector training and development.

SPARC , 2010

SPARC is the Crown Entity responsible for sport and physical recreation in New Zealand. SPARC was established on 1 January 2003 under the Sport and Recreation New Zealand Act (2002).

SPARC ‘S ROLE IN THE GOVERNMENT• SPARC provides leadership in research and the development and implementation of policies

that recognise the importance of sport and physical recreation to New Zealand.

SPARCS DELIVERY MODEL• SPARC‘s delivery model is based on partnering with key organisations in the sport and

recreation sector (primarily national-level sport and recreation organisations and regional sports trusts) to help us achieve our outcomes.

• SPARC is not primarily a delivery agency, but is responsible for setting direction and providing investment and resources to the sector.

• The Sports and Recreation Act 2002 was created to promote , encourage, and support physical recreation and sport in NZ.

• SPARCS functions (as outlined in Section 8 of the act) are to: Invest: target investment to organisations that are the most capable and ready to deliver on our

outcomes

Lead: provide clear and strong leadership and work in the best interests of the sport and recreation sector through advocacy, policy development and research, and coordination of the sector to be stronger and more effective.

Enable: build the capability of our partners by providing staff, resources, research and examples of good practice across the sector – for example, in coaching, governance and management systems, research and monitoring.

SPARC , 2010

Sports and Recreation New Zealand

This strategy has been developed for coaches by coaches to meet the needs of allcoaches in New Zealand. It addresses issues associated with the current coachingenvironment and is aligned to athletes’ needs. It will deliver a co-ordinated coachingapproach that links regional and national activities and outcomes.

Strategy Objectives

• This strategy lays the foundations to create a World-Class Coaching Environment• that meets the needs of New Zealand’s coaches and the athletes they coach.• This environment will in turn create world-class coaches.• To ensure the success of the strategy, the following three objectives must• be achieved:

Objective One – More Time• Increase and improve the quality and quantity of time available for coaches to focus• on coaching activities and coach education opportunities.

Objective Two – Increased• Recognition and Status• Increase the recognition and status of coaches to ensure they are valued and• that coaching is seen as a rewarding experience.

Objective Three – Improved Quality• Continually improve the quality of the coach education process, ensuring that• coaches have ongoing pathways for further development

SPARC , 2010

New Zealand Initiatives Raise up ‘n’ Represent

•Youth development programme for the YMCA•Was designed to give youth a safe and healthy environment to socialise and achieve•Aim was to support youth being physically fit•Encourage personal ownership and leadership•Foster a sense of pride and respect for themselves and their communities that they live in

-Ballinger, 2006

New Zealand Initiatives OSCAR

•MSD provides funding to OSCAR•Funding opportunities for before school, afterschool and school holiday programmes.•Ages 5-13•Coaching becomes a big part of programmes that can be run using funding provided by OSCAR (SHP)

-Oscar, 2010

New Zealand Initiatives Ak Active

•Community programme •Aimed to increase physical activity of young people•Increase physical activity opportunities•Strengthening coordination of providers and deliverers of physical activity•Increasing the use of council recreation and community assets

- Dougherty, 2006

Media Perspectives

• Coach Carter: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_Cvz_Bfue4

• Forever Strong: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3XPesmgbUw&feature=related

Dance as a form of Physical Activity

• Example of coaching to dance youth initiated: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzSCiE5zO4Q

• Example of failed dance coaching:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyC9tNUB7ho

In Summary

Sports coaching is as dependent on utilizing good teaching and social practices as it is about expertise in sport skills and tactics

It is about coaching holistically which is the notion that is based on recognizing coaching as intellectual as opposed to technical work, requiring higher order thinking skills to deal with the humanistic, problematic and dynamic nature of the tasks involved.

-Cassidy, Jones, Potrac 2004

References

Australian Coaching Council Incorporated. (1990). Beginning coaching: Level 1 Coach’s Manual. Australia: Australia Sports Commission

Australian Coaching Council Incorporated. (2001). Better Coaching: Advanced Coach’s Manual. Australia: Australia Sports Commission

Ballinger, S., & Dougherty, K. (2006). Engaging Youth in Sport and Physical Activity. Auckland: Ak Active & Raise up ‘n’ Represent

Cassidy, T., Jones, R., & Potrac, P. (2004). Understanding Sports Coaching: The social, cultural and pedagogical foundations of coaching practice. New York: Routledge

Martens, R. (1942). Coaches Guide to Sports Psychology. United States of America: Versa Press

National Coaching Foundation. (1986). The Coach at Work. Great Britain: National Coaching Foundation

Failed

Coaching!!!