CO2 capture and photocatalytic conversion to a …nanostructured film on glass substrates that are...

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CO 2 capture and photocatalytic conversion to a renewable fuel on nanostructured catalysts Junwang Tang, 1* Zhengxiao Guo 2 and Afson Jamali 1 1. Chemical Engineering, UCL. Email: [email protected] 2. Chemistry, UCL While the existence of greenhouse gases (water vapor, CO 2 , methane, NO x ,O 3 and CFCs ) in the atmosphere is vital in keeping the earth temperature habitable, unnatural rise in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases can raise global average temperatures to alarming levels. Of all the greenhouse gases, excessive amount of CO 2 is particularly harmful because it can linger in the atmosphere for tens of thousands of years [1]. CO 2 is naturally generated during respiration process of virtually all living beings, and recycled by plants and certain bacteria during photosynthesis process to form what is known as a carbon cycle. Unfortunately, CO 2 is also dramatically generated by combustion process, a sequence of exothermic chemical reactions involving (fossil) fuel to produce heat, an integral part of many of today’s manufacturing, transportation, and domestic activities. While heavy research and investments have been poured towards “instant” solutions to lower CO 2 atmospheric level by means of CO 2 capture and sequestration in deep sea or earth mantle [2], we believe that the key to tackle this problem is to find a solution to recycle CO 2 to usable fuel by utilizing abundant, renewable energy earth receives every day: the sun. Natural plants demonstrate the most direct strategy for renewable energy production, featuring a neutral carbon cycle process in which carbon dioxide is converted to energy‐rich sugars by photosynthesis. This project aims to to mimic natural photosynthetic process in inorganic photocatalyst system by recycling CO 2 and water to fuel according to reaction (1) (Fig 1). The efficiency of this reaction is highly dependent on the efficiency of utilizing the full spectrum of sun radiation. 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 O OH CH O H CO hv + + (1) Fig. 1 Natural photosynthsis

Transcript of CO2 capture and photocatalytic conversion to a …nanostructured film on glass substrates that are...

Page 1: CO2 capture and photocatalytic conversion to a …nanostructured film on glass substrates that are sensitive to light irradiation, eg. nanostructured TiO 2, ZnO etc (Fig 2). The prepared

     

CO2 capture and photocatalytic conversion to a renewable fuel on nanostructured catalysts Junwang Tang,1*  Zhengxiao Guo2 and Afson Jamali1   

1. Chemical Engineering, UCL. Email: [email protected] 

2. Chemistry, UCL 

While the existence of greenhouse gases (water vapor, CO2, methane, NOx, O3 and CFCs ) in the  atmosphere  is  vital  in  keeping  the  earth  temperature  habitable,  unnatural  rise  in atmospheric  concentration  of  greenhouse  gases  can  raise  global  average  temperatures  to alarming levels. Of all the greenhouse gases, excessive amount of CO2 is particularly harmful because  it can  linger  in the atmosphere for tens of thousands of years [1]. CO2  is naturally generated during respiration process of virtually all living beings, and recycled by plants and certain  bacteria  during  photosynthesis  process  to form what is known as a carbon cycle.  

Unfortunately, CO2 is also dramatically generated by combustion  process,  a  sequence  of  exothermic chemical reactions involving (fossil) fuel to produce heat,  an  integral  part  of  many  of  today’s manufacturing,  transportation,  and  domestic activities.  While  heavy  research  and  investments have  been  poured  towards  “instant”  solutions  to lower  CO2  atmospheric  level  by  means  of  CO2 capture  and  sequestration  in  deep  sea  or  earth mantle  [2],  we  believe  that  the  key  to  tackle  this problem  is  to  find  a  solution  to  recycle  CO2  to usable fuel by utilizing abundant, renewable energy earth receives every day: the sun.  

Natural  plants  demonstrate  the  most  direct  strategy  for  renewable  energy  production, featuring a neutral carbon cycle process in which carbon dioxide is converted to energy‐rich sugars  by photosynthesis.  This  project  aims  to  to mimic natural  photosynthetic  process  in inorganic photocatalyst system by recycling CO2 and water to fuel according to reaction (1) (Fig 1). The efficiency of this reaction is highly dependent on the efficiency of utilizing the full spectrum of sun radiation.  

   2322 232 OOHCHOHCO hv +→+   (1) 

 

Fig. 1 Natural photosynthsis 

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To  realize  a  practical  and  efficient  inorganic photosynthetic system, the first step is to synthesize and deposit  active  photocatalysts  in  film  form.  We  used  a simple,  solution  based  coating method  to  get  a  robust, nanostructured film on glass substrates that are sensitive to light irradiation, eg. nanostructured TiO2, ZnO etc (Fig 2).  The  prepared  films  have  a  porous  structure,  which allow  reactants,  such  as  water  and  CO2  to  contact  as large  surface  area of  the photocatalyst  as  possible.  The method  is  proven  to  be  consistent  and  repeatable, therefore can be applied to wider array of more complex photocatalysts  that  we  are  currently  developing.  The next step is to demonstrate the feasibility of using these inorganic films to convert CO2 and water to fuel, such as methanol  and  oxygen  by  a  light‐driven  photocatalytic reduction process, which can be realized with continued support from the University. 

If  successful,  this  project  has  the  potential  to  develop  to  a  larger  project  for  renewable synthesis of carbon based liquid fuels. 

1.  Archer, D., Fate of fossil fuel CO2 in geologic time. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005. 110: p. C09S05. 

2.  Charles, D., Stimulus Gives DOE Billions for Carbon‐Capture Projects. Science, 2009. 323(5918): p. 1158. 

 

Fig. 2 Nanostructured TiO2 film prepared a facile and reproducible approach. photosynthsis