CO2-ISSUES

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS RELATED TO HEAVY CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION AND UPGRADING

by

Trude Sundset, Statoil

R&D Program Manager Energy21

CO2 and Heavy Oil – content of the presentation

What are the problems with heavy oil and CO2?

Some basic CO2 information

Ongoing, CO2-relevant projects

CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR)

CO2-logistics

Can heavy oil and CO2 coexist?

What are the problems with heavy oil and CO2?

More energy- and CO2-intensive to extract compared to lighter oil which results in higher CO2-emissions per unit of energy extracted

Can be more energy intensive to transport Which results in higher CO2-emissions per unit of energy

transported

Upgrading to consumer products calls for energy intensive processes Which results in higher CO2-emissions per unit of energy of

product

In sum: In a CO2-constrained world heavy oil has a handicap

The Statoil CO2-’vision’Decarbonisation of fossil fuels to electricity and hydrogen

Some basic CO2 information

Phase diagram

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40Temperature (°C)

Pre

ssu

re (

bara

)

Triple point

Criticalpoint

Super-critical

area

CO2 Dry Wash

Miscibility of oil and CO2 – an overview

68 bar – 1000 psiImmiscible CO2

102 bar – 1500 psiMiscibility begins to develope

170 bar – 2500 psiCO2 has developed miscibility

Higher hydrocarbons (dark spots)begins to condense

Final stage: Higher HC forms continuous phase- CO2 immiscible

CO2 sources

”Pure” CO2-sources (green)Oil, natural gas and coal regions(red, black)

Source: IEA GHG

CO2 Sources

Coal power with CO2 separation 1982 Lubbock, Texas. The plant was based on an oil price of 30$/barrel and was discontinued when the oil prices was sinking later in the 80thies. Only the MEA separation plant is shown. The power plant itself is still running and is located to the right of the picture

CO2-capture Pilot Plant at Kaarstoe - Capture from exhaust gas by use of membrane/amine technology

Ongoing, CO2-relevant projects

Sleipner CO2-injection in the middle of the North Sea – 1 MtCO2/yr

Snøhvit in the Barents Sea LNG production onshore, 160 km pipeline

from land for injection of 0,7 MtCO2/yr CO2

CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR)

Oil

pro

duct

ion

Time

CO2

flood

Water-flood

PrimaryOil

production

How oil production may develop over time

CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery

CO2 Injection

CO2 OIL

Recycled CO2

Production

Well

CO2–for-EOR in USA

70 fields in operation with CO2-for EOR

12% increased oil recovery on average

Natural CO2-sources have the capacity to produce 32 MtCO2/yr and industrial sources 11 MtCO2/

On the average 71% of the CO2 remains in the reservoir

Backproduced CO2 is recovered for reinjection

Bravo Dome

Sheep Mountain

Big Piney

McElmo Dome

Jackson Dome

and DistributionUS CO2 Projects,Sources,

Developed Natural SourceUndeveloped Natural SourceWaste GasOil Recovery ProjectsDelivery Pipelines

Sygna

SFN

Snorre BF

SFØ

Gullfaks

16”

A

B

C

Snorre TLP

VIGDIS

Tordis/Borg

Tampen Miscible Gas Injection

CO2-logistics

Towards commercial CO2 solutionsUtilise Statoil’s expertise to develop carbon management solutions

Gas power plants

Industry

Natural gas production

Increased oil recovery

Re-use

Final storage

Sources Transportation Sinks

CO2 – Ship Concept, 20 000 m3 capacity

Photo: AF Spesialprosjekt/Statoil bildearkiv

CO2-storage in rock cavernsBased on experience with propane storage at Kårstø, Mongstad and Stenungsund

CO2-pipeline and -ships in the North Sea ?

485 km(Esbjerg - Karmøy)

270 km(Karmøy Gullfaks)

280 km

CO2-skipfra

andre rene kilder ved havn

Weyburn CO2-for-EOR oil field and Dakota Gasification Company

250 million cu.ft. per day CO2 by-product of coal gasification

95 million cu.ft. per day contracted for Weyburn project

320 km pipeline CO2 purity 95% CO2 pressure 14MPa

ReginaRegina

EstevanEstevan

BismarckBismarck

North DakotaNorth Dakota

MontanaMontana

ManitobaManitoba

SaskatchewanSaskatchewan CanadaCanada

USAUSA

WeyburnWeyburn

BeulahBeulah

36 BCF injected to date

Can heavy oil and CO2 coexist?--- A balancing act?---

Heavy oil has much of the same image as coal in a CO2-perspective

In some countries coal has very vocal political promotors

less so for heavy oil?

US led ‘Carbon Leadership Forum’ focused on coal and CO2-storage

but heavy oil can possibly benefit more than coal

I believe that heavy oil projects from day 1 should go for more direct CO2-management both in production and processing