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CnORTH DAKOTAK air QUALITYKMONITORING DATA

SUMMARY

1986

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Air Quality Services BranchDivision of

Environmental EngineeringNorth Dakota State

Department off Health

Gene A. Christlanson, ChiefEnvironmental Health Section

Robert M. Wentz, M»D.State Health Officer

April, 1987

FINAL REPORT

NORTH DAKOTA

AIR QUALITY MONITORING

DATA SUMMARY

1986

April 1987

PREPARED BY;

AIR QUALITY SERVICES BRANCH

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

GENE A. CHRISTIANSON, CHIEF

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION

ROBERT M. WENTZ, M.D.STATE HEALTH OFFICER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Heading Page No

LIST OF TABLES ii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

LIST OF APPENDICES v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 5

Background 5

Network Description 6

Network Changes 13

RESULTS - DATA SUMMARIES 15

Introduction 15

Total Suspended Particulates 20

Suspended Sulfates 2 2

Suspended Nitrates 24

Sulfur Dioxide 2 6

Nitric Oxide 28

Nitrogen Dioxide 30

Hydrogen Sulfide 32

Ozone 34

Inhalable Particulates (PMj^q) 36

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 3 9

REFERENCES 43

APPENDICES 47

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page No

1 North Dakota State Department of HealthSite Listing 7

2 TSP Data Summary 21

3 Suspended SO^ Data Summary 2 3

4 Suspended NO3 Data Summary 25

5 Sulfur Dioxide Data Summary 27

6 Nitric Oxide Data Summary 29

7 Nitrogen Dioxide Data Summary 31

8 Hydrogen Sulfide Data Summary 33

9 Ozone Data Summary 3 5

10 Inhalable Particulates (PMjq) Data Summary.... 37

A3-1 North Dakota Ambient Air Quality Standards.... 64

A3-2 Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards 65

All-1 Beulah Meteorological Data Summary 118

A11-2 Dunn Center Meteorological DataSummary 120

All-3 Hannover Meteorological Data Summary 122

All-4 Lone Butte Meteorological Data Summary 124

All-5 Lostwood Meteorological Data Summary 126

All-6 TRNP-SU Meteorological Data Summary 128

All-7 TRNP-NU Meteorological Data Summary 130

A12-1 Manual Precision Checks - TotalSuspended Particulates 137

A12-2 Manual Precision Checks - InhalableParticulates (PMIO) 140

A12-3 Continuous Precision Checks -Sulfur Dioxide 141

11

A12-4 Continuous Precision Checks -Nitric Oxide 1^2

A12-5 Continuous Precision Checks -Nitrogen Dioxide

A12-6 Continuous Precision Checks -Hydrogen Suifide

A12-7 Continuous Precision Checks -Ozone

A12-8 Manual Accuracy - Total SuspendedParticulates

A12-9 Manual Accuracy - InhalableParticulates (PMIO)

A12-10 Continuous Accuracy - Sulfur Dioxide 151

A12-11 Continuous Accuracy - Nitric Oxide 153

A12-12 Continuous Accuracy - Nitrogen Dioxide 154

A12-13 Continuous Accuracy - Hydrogen Suifide 155

A12-14 Continuous Accuracy - Ozone 156

111

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page No

1 North Dakota State Department of HealthAmbient Air Quality Monitoring Network.. 11

A5-1 Class I PSD Areas of North Dakota 74

All-1 Beulah - Wind Bar Chart 119

All-2 Dunn Center - Wind Bar Chart 121

All-3 Hannover - Wind Bar Chart 123

All-4 Lone Butte - Wind Bar Chart 125

All-5 Lost wood - Wind Bar Chart 12 7

All-6 TRNP-SU - Wind Bar Chart 129

All-7 TRNP-NU - Wind Bar Chart 131

IV

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix No, Page No

1 Glossary of Air Quality Terms 47

2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 55

3 North Dakota and Federal Ambient Air

Quality Standards 61

4 Hi-Volume Sampler Monitoring Schedule 67

5 Prevention of Significant Deterioration(PSD) Areas******************************** 71

6 AAQM Methods Descriptions 7 7

7 Criteria for Representativeness 85

8 Characteristics, Sources, andHealth/Welfare Effects of the SixCriteria Pollutants 89

9 Air Quality Personnel 97

10 Explanation of Quality Assurance Terms 10 3

11 Meteorological Data 115

12 Quality Assurance Statistics 133

V

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

During 1986 the North Dakota State Department of Health operated

and maintained 20 air quality monitoring sites. The data from

these sites indicate that, in general, the quality of the ambient

air in North Dakota is good; however, as discussed below, some

problems do exist.

There was one total suspended particulate sample of higher

concentration than the 24-hour standard of 150 pg/m^. North

Dakota Ambient Air Standards state that for total suspended

particulates the maximum 24-hour concentration (150 pg/m^), is

not to be exceeded more than once per year. Since only one

exceedance occurred, there were no violations of the 24-hour

standard. No exceedances of the State annual geometric mean for

TSP were observed.

Many of the high volume sampling sites exceeded the annual arith

metic mean standard for suspended sulfates. The State standard

for suspended sulfates was evaluated and found to be unrealistic

and unnecessary. A proposal for eliminating the standard for

suspended sulfates is under consideration by the State Air

Pollution Control Advisory Council and the State Health Council.

No standards, either State or Federal, exist for suspended ni

trates. The annual arithmetic means for suspended nitrates for

the sites are considered low.

The 1-hour State sulfur dioxide standard was exceeded one time at

the Lone Butte site. No other exceedances of State or Federal

sulfur dioxide standards were measured.

The measured nitrogen dioxide concentrations did not exceed the

State standards. Nitric oxide was monitored in conjunction with

nitrogen dioxide; however^ there are no established standards for

nitric oxide. The annual arithmetic means of nitrogen dioxide

and nitric oxide are considered low.

Exceedances of the State 45 jig/m^ standard for hydrogen sulfide

were observed 3,359 times during the year. The 75 yg/m State

standard was exceeded 2,532 times during the year. These

exceedances occurred in the western part of the State and were

associated with oil/gas wells and storage facilities. The

Department continues to work with the oil and gas industry to try

to reduce the frequency of the occurrences. Individual

statistics for the four monitoring sites are discussed below:

No exceedances of either the 45 ug/m or the 7 5 yg/m State

standards for hydrogen sulfide were observed at the Painted

Canyon site for 17,186 observations or the 17,446

observations at the Lostwood site.

Exceedances of the State 4 5 yg/m^ for hydrogen sulfide were

observed 39 times at the TRNP-NU site and 3,320 times at the

- 2 -

Lone Butte site. The 7 5 ug/m^ standard was exceeded 9 times

at the TRNP-NU site and 2,523 times at the Lone Butte site.

Measured concentrations of ozone indicated that none of the data

exceeded the standard. The ozone monitors were shut down during

the 4th quarter because the ozone season for North Dakota has

been defined as April 1 through September 30.

- 3 -

This page is blank

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

The North Dakota State Department of Health has the primary goal

of protecting the health and welfare of North Dakotans from the

detrimental effects of air pollution. As such, the Department

has the responsibility to ensure that the ambient air quality in

North Dakota is better than the levels required by the State and

Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) (1)(2), and the

Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality (PSD)

Rules (3). To address this responsibility, the Department

operates and maintains a statewide network of ambient air quality

monitors.

This report provides an overview of the air quality monitoring

activities conducted by the North Dakota State Department of

Health during the 12-month period beginning January 1, 1986, and

ending December 31, 198 6. Included in this report are data sum

maries for the pollutants monitored, significant changes to the

monitoring program which occurred during 1986, and information on

several additional air quality topics including Prevention of

Significant Deterioration (PSD) areas. Ambient Air Quality

Standards (AAQS), sampling/analysis methods, and quality

assurance data.

- 5 -

NETWORK DESCRIP! ION

During 1986, the Department operated and maintained a total of 20

air quality monitoring sites. Four of the sites were designated

special purpose monitors; 2 of these sites, the monitoring site

in the Lone Butte oil field in western North Dakota and the

Hannover site, were operated as part of the Department's overall

air quality monitoring program; the other 2 sites, one near the

Canfield Lake National Wildlife Refuge near Regan, North Dakota

and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Field Station near

Woodworth, North Dakota, were operated in response to precipi

tation chemistry research until the end of the research project

in mid-September. The Woodworth site is now operated as a part

of the Department's overall air quality monitoring network.

Table 1 lists all monitoring sites which were active in 1986.

Some sites may not have provided enough data for annual analysis;

but nevertheless, they are included for completeness. Figure 1

indicates the site locations.

In general, the Department's AAQM sites are designed primarily to

provide air quality data for four basic objectives. These objec

tives are (1) to determine representative concentrations in areas

of high population density (urban/population oriented monitoring),

(2) to determine general background concentration levels, (3) to

determine highest concentrations expected to occur in an area

- 6 -

site

TABLE 1

North Dakota State Deparlment of Health Site Listing

Type

Station

Parameters

MonItored

1/ Ref/Equlv Method

Designation No,

OperatIng

Schedule

MonItor Ing

Object Ive

Date Site Began

or Is Expected to

Begin Operation

Date Site

or Parameter

Deleted

I

Fargo-

Commerclal

Fargo-

CommercIa I Du p.

Beulah-

ResIdentlal

NAMS

SLAMS

SLAMSBismarck-

Commercial

Bismarck-

Commercial Dup.

Bowman- SLAMS

Rural

Canfleld National SPM

Wi ldl ife Ref uge/Regan

ISP

PM10

ISP

ISP

SO2

NO2

03

Met

ISP

PM10

ISP

PM10

ISP

ISP

MET

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

EOSA-0276-009

RFNA-0777-022

RFOA-1075-004

N/A

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

N/A

6th day

2nd day

6th day

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

Cont

6th day

2nd day

6th day

6th day

6th day

6th day

Cont

Populatlon

Exposure

Populatlon

Exposure

Col located

Hl-Vol

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

N/A

Pop uI at Ion

Exposure

Populat Ion

Exposure

Col located

Hl-Vol

Col located

SSI

General

Background

General

Background

N/A

1/64

8/85

4/80

4/74

4/80

6/80

6/80

4/80

1/57

4/85

10/79

4/85

9/74

5/84^''

5/84

7/83

3/86

9/86

9/86

TABLE 1 Continued

site

Type

Station

Parameters-

MonItored

1/ Ref/Equlv Method

Designation No.

OperatIng

Schedule

MonItor Ing

Objective

Date Site Began

or Is Expected to

Begin Operation

Date Site

or Parameter

De I eted

I

CO

DevUs Lake-

Commerclal

Dickinson-

Commercial

Dunn Center-

Rural

Grand Forks-

Commercial

Hannover-

Rural

SLAMS

SLAMS

SLAMS

SLAMS

SPM

TSP

TSP

PM10

TSP

PM10

SO2

NO2

03

Met

TSP

PM10

TSP

NO2

S

SO2

Met

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

SSI

EQSA-0276-009

RFNA-0777-022

RFOA-1075-003

N/A

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

RFNA-0777-022

RFOA-1075-003

EOSA-0276-009

N/A

6th day

6th day

2nd day

6th day

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

Cont

6th day

2nd day

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

Cont

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

Populat Ion

Expos ure

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

Genera I

Background

N/A

Populat Ion

Exposure

Populat Ion

Exposure

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

N/A

1/70

1/70

4/85

10/79

3/85

10/79

10/79

10/79

10/79

1/70

6/85

10/84

11/85

4/85

10/84

10/84

3/86

7/86

TABLE 1 Continued

site

Type

Station

Parameters-^MonItored

Ref/Equlv Method

Designation No,

Operating

Schedule

Monitoring

Objective

Date Site Began

or Is Expected to

Begin Operation

Date Site

or Parameter

DeIeted

I

'X)

I

Jamestown-

Commerclal

Lone Butte-

Rural

Lostwood National

Wildlife Ref uge

Rural/Kenmare

Mandan-

Commerclal

Ml not-

Commercial

Painted Canyon

(TRNP-SU)-

Rural

SLAMS

SPM

SLAMS

SLAMS

SLAMS

SLAMS

TSP

SO^

H2S

Met

TSP

SOo

H2S

Met

TSP

TSP

TSP

PM10

SO.

H2S

Met

Hl-Vol

EQSA-2076-009

N/A

N/A

Hl-Vol

EQSA-0276-009

N/A

N/A

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

SSI

EQSA-0276-009

N/A

N/A

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

6th day

6th day

6th day

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

Populat Ion

Exposure

General

Background

N/A

N/A

General

Background

General

Background

N/A

N/A

Population

Exposure

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

N/A

1/72

1/84

1/84

1/84

10/79

12/85

12/85

12/85

10/70

9/74

1/86

10/86

10/85

10/85

10/85

3/86

3/86

10/86

TABLE 1 Continued

site

Type

Station

Parameters-1^MonItored

Ref/Equlv Method

Designation No,

OperatIng

Schedul e

Mon I tor I ng

Objective

Date Site Began

or Is Expected to

Begin Operation

Date Site

or Parameter

Deleted

Watford City

(TRNP-N)-

Rural

Wahpeton-

Resldentlal

Wil lIston-

CommerclaI

Wood worth

SLAMS

SLAMS

SLAMS

SPM

TSP

SO^

H2S

Met

TSP

TSP

TSP

Met

Hl-Vol

E0SA-0276-009

RFOA-1075-003

N/A

N/A

Hl-Vol

Hl-Vol

SSI

Hl-Vol

SSI

N/A

6th day

Cont

Cont

Cont

Cont

6th day

6th day

2nd day

6th day

6th day

Cont

General

Background

General

Background

General

Background

N/A

N/A

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

Population

Exposure

General

Background

N/A

General

Background

12/78

2/80

11/82

5/80

3/80

10/70

5/70

5/85

4/82

5/85

3/82

3/86

9/86

J/ Sulfate and nitrate analysis are performed on al l hl-vol filters,

2/ The site operated from 8/82 to 3/83 and was reactivated 5/84.

f I f . f f f f C f {

PEMBINACAVAL i lRdivide TOWNERBURKE ROLETTERENVILLE BOTTINEAU

LOSTWO

WILLIAMSMC HENRY

RAMSEY WALSHMOUNTRAIL PIERCE

WARD

BENSON

WILLISTONNELSON GRAND FORKS

MC KENZIEQBAHD FORKS

EDDYWELLSMC LEAN SHERIDAN

TRAILLTRNP-NU

O

GRIGGSDUNN

UONE BUTTEFOSTER

MERCER

billings STUTSMAN

WOODWORTH

KIDDERBURLEIGHDUNN CENTERBARNES

OLIVER

HANNOVER

0

CANPIELD

TRNP-SGOLDENVALLEY

STARK

□DICKINSON

MORTON □JAK/£STOWNBISMARCK

RICHLANDRANSOMSLOPE UA MOUREHETTINGER GRANT LOGANEMMONS

SARGENTBOWMAN ADAMS DICKYMC INTOSH

□ = URBAN LOCATIONS o = RURAL LOCATIONS e = SPECIAL PURPOSE MONITOR

FIGURE 1 NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

covered by the network, and (4) to determine representative

impacts on ambient pollution levels near significant sources.

The Department's air quality monitoring network does not include

"source-specific" monitoring in the strictest sense of the term;

i.e., monitoring a single, specific source. Ihe portable monitor

in the Lone Butte Oil Field is specific to that area but there

are multiple sources within the field. The Department, in

issuing Permits to Construct and Permits to Operate for major

sources, may require such sources to operate "source-specific"

air quality monitoring programs to assess local impact on the air

quality.

- 12 -

NETWORK CHANGES

Changes that occurred to the network in 1986 are summarized

below;

Six high-volume sampling sites were discontinued in 1986.

The following sites collected their last high-volume sample on

March 27, 1986: Bowman Rural, Devils Lake Commercial, Jamestown

Commercial, Mandan Commercial, and Wahpeton Residential.

The site at TRNP-SU (Painted Canyon) collected its last high-

volume sample on October 17, 198 6.

The network to measure inhalable particulates (IP) that was

established during 1985 was expanded; an every 6th day IP sampler

was installed in place of the TSP sampler at the Painted Canyon

site on October 22, 1986.

After October 1, the suspended sulfates and nitrates were

analyzed by using ion chromotography rather than the respective

methyl thymol blue and automated cadmium reduction methods

previously used. The IC method will provide data that is more

precise and accurate.

- 13 -

This page is blank

RESULTS - DATA SUMMARIES

INTRODUCTION

The ambient air quality measurement data collected during 1986

from stations operated by the North Dakota State Department of

Health have been summarized. The summaries include data for the

following: total suspended particulates (TSP) , suspended

sulfates (SO4), suspended nitrates (NO3), sulfur dioxide (S02)f

nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen sulfide

(H2S), ozone (O3), inhalable particulates (PM^q), and meteor

ological data; i.e., wind speed, wind direction, and sigma theta

(standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction).

The summaries for total suspended particulate, suspended sulfate,

suspended nitrate, and inhalable particulates (PM^q), contain 24-

hour average concentrations.

The summaries for gaseous pollutants contain maximum concen

trations, arithmetic means and standard deviations, and the

percentage of readings greater than the minimum detectable value

(MDV) of the analytical method for each parameter. In addition,

the number of times that the State standards were exceeded is

ind icated .

The concentrations in this section are reported as micrograms per

cubic meter (ug/m^) except for ozone which is reported in parts

- 15 -

per million (ppm). The following are conversion factors which

aid in converting frcra ppm to pg/m .

SO2 1 ppm = 2, 62 0 ug/m^

H2S 1 ppm = 1,400 yg/m^

NO2 1 ppm = 1, 8 80 yg/m^

NO 1 ppm = 1,227 yg/m^

O3 1 ppm = 1,960 yg/m^

These values are at reference conditions, 25°C and 7 60 mm Hg.

The acronyms and abbreviations used in the data summaries are

described in /^pendix 2.

For statistical purposes, concentrations of pollutants that are

less than the minimum detectable (MDV) value of the analytical

method are assigned a value equal to one-half the MDV. All

continuous instruments have a MDV of 0.004 ppm except for the

TECO sulfur dioxide instruments which have an MDV of 0.002 ppm.

The minimum detectable value for total suspended particulates is

1 yg/m^. Suspended sul fates have an MDV of 0.2 yg/m^ for theO

methylthymol blue method and 0.5 yg/m for the ion chromatography

method. The MDV for suspended nitrates is 0.05 yg/m^ for both

the cadmium reduction and ion chromatography methods.

- 16 -

The North Dakota and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards have

been included in Appendix 3 for reference.

The particulate monitoring schedule for 1986 is listed in

Appendix 4.

A discussion of prevention of significant deterioration areas may

be found in Appendix 5.

The ambient air quality monitoring methods are described in

Appendix 6.

The criteria for representativeness of the collected data are

described in Appendix 7.

A brief discussion of the characteristics, sources, and

health/welfare effects of the six criteria pollutants is included

in i^pendix 8.

The structure of the air quality monitoring organization in North

Dakota State Government is shown in Appendix 9.

An explanation of quality assurance terms used by the North

Dakota State Department of Health may be found in Appendix 10.

- 17 -

Meteorological conditions do influence the concentrations of

pollutants. The "met" data for the continuous sites may be found

in Appendix 11.

All measurements are accurate and precise. The precision and

accuracy data for the North Dakota State Department of Health

network may be found in Appendix 12.

- 18 -

This page is blank

TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES

Of the 7 37 valid total suspended particulates (TSP) samples*, 1

sample exceeded the 24-hour AAQS of 150 ng/m^. No sites had two

exceedances of 150 pg/m^; thus, no violations of the standard

were observed.

The annual geometric means for TSP varied from 14.9 |jg/m^ at the

TRNP-SU Medora site (rural) to 43.1 yg/m^ at the Dickinson

s ite.

The minimum 24-hour concentration was 1 ug/m^ at the Bowman,

Hannover, Painted Canyon, and Woodworth sites and the maximum 24-

hour concentration was 180 ng/m^ at the Bismarck site.

The TSP data are summarized in Table 2.

*Data gathered by the duplicate sampler at collocated sites areused primarily for quality assurance purposes and are notcounted as valid samples unless the primary sample is unavailable or unusable for that date.

- 20 -

TABLE 2

POLLUTANT: TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES

LOCATION

BEULAH

BISHARCK

BISNARCK DUP

BONHAN

CANFIELD NAT. ttlLDLlFE REFUGE

DEVILS LAKE

DICKINSON

DUNN CENTER

FAR60

FAR60 DUP

6RAND FORKS

HANNOVER

JAHESTOHN

LOSTNOOD HILDLIFE REFUGE

NANDAN

HINOT

TRNP-NU

TRNP-SU

NAHPETON

MILLISTON

HOODHORTH

CONPARISON OF AIR QUALITY DATA HITHTHE NORTH DAKOTA AHBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS »

STATE: NORTH DAKOTA YEAR: 1986-1986

GAHPLING NUn n A X I H A 8E0 SEO ARITHYEAR PERIOD DBS HIN 1ST 2ND 3RD HEAN S.D. HEAN

ARITH

S.D. «>150

X

5H}60 >MDV

100.01986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

1986

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-HAR

JAN-SEP

JAN-HAR

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-JUN

JAN-HAR

JAN-DEC

JAN-HAR

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

JAN-OCT

JAN-HAR

JAN-DEC

JAN-DEC

41 11

61 11

59 11

13 1

40 3

14 6

57 11

56 2

61 8

60 10

61 12

21 1

14 10

56 5

15 10

44 8

34 3

49 1

15 8

42 3

43 1

150 90 60

180 130 116

177 136 120

24 12 12

55 46 43

101 75 63

136 113 110

64 S3 46

90 88 82

94 87 74

92 81 72

57 48 35

84 64 57

75 71 66

81 78 68

91 90 76

124 55 53

60 57 52

68 43 36

69 65 65

56 46 42

»»t #»» **« f«t

40.2 1.91 49.2 33.21

40.1 1.90 48.8 32.44

♦t« »♦» *♦* ttt

IH f»» «»« H»

♦M ♦*» «»«

43.1 1.85 51.3 29.63

15.2 2.16 19.7 13.85

33.6 1.71 38.3 18.99

34.8 1.62 38.8 18.30

35.6 1.63 39.8 18.55

*t* »** *tf

*tt *«» *»« t«t

22.7 1.97 27.8 17.10

*«♦ *♦* »»«

♦»» »*» *»»

»*#

14.9 2.55 21.1 15.85

tt* »ft «»< Ml

III III III III

III III III III

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

iOO.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

* THE AHBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ARE 60 UG/H3 ANNUAL 8E0HETRIC HEAN. AND A HAXIHUH OF 150 UG/H3 AVERAGED OVER A24-HOUR PERIOD NOT TO BE EXCEEDED HORE THAN ONCE PER YEAR.

*»♦ LESS THAN 75X OF THE POSSIBLE SAHPLES (DATA) HERE COLLECTED.

- 21 -

SUSPENDED SULFATES

Of the 737 valid suspended sulfate (SO^) samples collected, 1

exceeded the 24-hour State standard of 12 yg/m^. The exceedance

occurred at the Williston site.

As explained in the section. Network Changes, the method of

analysis for suspended sul fates was changed to ion chromatography

beginning in October 1986.

O

The annual arithmetic mean State standard of 4 yg/m was exceeded

by 5 of the 7 sites which collected 75% of their scheduled

samples.

The minimum 24-hour concentration observed was 0.30 yg/m at the

Bowman and Devils Lake sites; whereas, the maximum 24-hour

concentration was 12.30 yg/m^ at the Williston site.

The suspended sulfate data are summarized in Table 3.

- 22 -

TABLE 3

POLLUTANT: SUSPENDED SULFATES

LOCATION

BEULAH

BISMARCK

BISMARCK DUP

BOHMAN

CANFIELD NAT. NILDLIFE REFUSE

DEVILS LAKE

DICKINSON

DUNN CENTER

FAR60

FARGO DUP

GRAND FORKS

HANNOVER

JAMESTONN

LOSTNOOD NILDLIFE REFUGE

MANDAN

MINOT

TRNP-NU

TRNP-SU

NAHPETON

NILLISTON

NOODNORTH

* THE STATE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

PERIOD AND NOT TO BE EXCEEDED MORE THAN 1

» EXCEEDS STANDARD

f»« LESS THAN 7SX OF THE POSSIBLE SAMPLES

COMPARISON OF AIR QUALITY DATA NITH

THE NORTH DAKOTA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS t

STATE; NORTH DAKOTA YEAR: i9S&-t986

SAMPLING NUM M A X I M A ARITH

YEAR PERIOD DBS MIN 1ST 2ND 3RD MEAN

ARITH X

S.D. I>12 AM>4 >MDV

1986 JAN-DEC 41 2.40 11.90

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .80 9.00

1986 JAN-DEC 59 .80 9.80

1986 JAN-MAR 13 .30 5.10

1986 JAN-SEP 40 .80 6.60

1986 JAN-MAR 14 .30 10.20

1986 JAN-DEC 57 2.80 8.00

1986 JAN-DEC 56 .70 8.10

1986 JAN-DEC 61 1.20 9.70

1986 JAN-DEC 61 1.10 9.00

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .90 9.40

1986 JAN-JUN 21 .70 8.60

1986 JAN-MAR 14 3.00 7.20

1986 JAN-DEC 57 1.00 10.80

1986 JAN-MAR 15 2.60 8.80

1986 JAM-DEC 44 .70 10.10

1986 JAN-DEC 34 .90 7.70

1986 JAN-OCT 49 .70 7.40

1986 JAN-MAR 15 2.60 9.50

1986 JAN-DEC 42 1.40 12.30

1986 JAN-DEC 43 .80 8.70

ARE 4 UG/M3. ANNUAL ARITHMETIC MEAN,

PERCENT OF THE TIME.

(DATA) WERE COLLECTED.

8.20 8.10

8.30 7.70 4.7

8.10 7.80 4.6

5.00 4.60 "♦

5.60 5.50

5.20 3.90 t»«

6.80 6.60 4.5

7.10 6.40 3.5

9.30 8.50 5.2

8.00 7.90 5.2

9.10 7.80 4.4

7.90 7.10 ♦*♦

7.00 6.00

9.20 8.00 4.6

5.90 5.40 *»*

9.40 9.40 t»«

7.10 6.60 ♦»»

6.70 6.30 3.0

9.30 8.10 »»♦

8.50 7.40 i*i

6.30 5.60 *"

AND A MAXIMUM OF 12

tit

1.60

1.61

«H

Hi

Hi

1.04

1.64

1.74

1.65

1.96

tH

«»t

2.10

*««

«»«

1.41

tH

ttt

ttf

UG/M3 AVER

100.0

»* 98.4

" 98.3

84.6

90.0

92.9

»« 100.0

96.4

H 100.0

»t 100.0

» 96.7

95.2

100.0

a 98.2

100.0

97.7

97.1

98.0

100.0

1 100.0

95.3

AGED OVER A 24-HR

- 23 -

SUSPENDED NITRATES

There are no State or Federal standards for suspended nitrates

currently in effect.

As explained in the section. Network Changes, the method of

analysis for suspended nitrates was changed to ion chromatography

beginning in October 1986.

The minimum 24-hour suspended nitrate (NO3) concentration (0.0148

ug/m"') was recorded at the Bowman site. Since this value is less

than the MDV of 0.0 5 \ig/n?, 0.02 pg/m^ (1/2 of the MDV) was

substituted. The maximum 24-hour concentration was 10.90 pg/m^

at the Wahpeton site.

The annual arithmetic mean varied from 1.0 pg/m^ at the TRNP-SU

Painted Canyon site to 2.4 pg/m^ at the Fargo site for those

sites collecting 75% of the possible samples.

The suspended nitrate data are summarized in Table 4.

- 24 -

TABLE 4

POLLUTANT: SUSPENDED NITRATES

LOCATION

COHPARISON OF AIR DUALITY DATA NITH

THE NORTH DAKOTA AHBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS »


SANPLINB NUN H A X I H A ARITHYEAR PERIOD DBS NIN 1ST 2ND 3RD HEAN

ARITH

S.D.

X

>HDV

BEULAH

BISMARCK

BISMARCK DUP

BOHMAN

CANFIELD NAT. NILDLIFE REFUSE

DEVILS LAKE

DICKINSON

DUNN CENTER

FAR60

FAR60 DUP

BRAND FORKS

HANNOVER

JAMESTONN

LOSTNOOD NILDLIFE REFUSE

MANDAN

MINOT

TRNP-NU

TRNP-SU

NAHPETON

NILLISTON

NOODNORTH

1986 JAN-DEC 41 .30 3.51

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .25 3.64

1986 JAN-DEC 59 .28 5.44

1986 JAN-MAR 13 .02 2.12

1986 JAN-SEP 40 .16 3.42

1986 JAN-MAR 14 .31 6.67

1986 JAN-DEC 57 .17 3.12

1986 JAN-DEC 56 .14 3.95

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .45 9.85

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .37 9.42

1986 JAN-DEC 61 .34 8.57

1986 JAN-JUN 21 .31 5.74

1986 JAN-MAR 14 .51 5.70

1986 JAN-DEC 56 .22 4.73

1986 JAN-MAR 15 .59 4.79

1986 JAN-DEC 44 .30 4.08

1986 JAN-DEC 34 .16 4.12

1986 JAN-OCT 49 .21 3.12

1986 JAN-MAR 15 .41 10.90

1986 JAN-DEC 42 .27 3.84

1986 JAN-DEC 43 .15 6.47

♦ NO STANDARD IS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT. HONEVER NITRATES ARE MONITORED FOR USE IN*** LESS THAN 75X OF THE POSSIBLE SAMPLES (DATA) HERE COLLECTED.

3.06 2.61 ♦«

2.70 2.70 1.4 .69

3.42 3.15 1.5 .87

1.89 1.29 "♦ m

3.08 2.61 *ti

3.78 2.50 ♦♦♦ ♦»#

2.62 2.49 1.2 .58

3.62 3.02 1.0 .79

8.02 7.92 2.4 2.03

8.54 8.37 2.4 2.04

7.83 5.53 1.9 1.63

2.64 1.90 **t t»*

3.93 3.03 »♦ tH

3.98 3.85 1.1 .95

3.10 2.96 t*« m

3.85 2.23 ♦»#

1.93 1.53 tt* ttt

2.96 2.25 1.0 .61

8.87 8.63 t»«

3.13 2.37 ft*

3.55 2.80 ♦**

ACID RAIN STUDIES.

100.0

100.0

100.0

92.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0'

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

- 25 -

SULFUR DIOXIDE

Sulfur dioxide was monitored at seven sites during 1986. The

Lost wood SO2 site did not become operational until January 9,

1986.

The 1-hour State standard of 715 Mg/m^ was exceeded once (734O

pg/m"^) during 1986 at the Lone Butte site.

The maximum 3-hour average concentration was 491 lag/m^ at the

Lone Butte site. The Federal 3-hour standard of 1300 pg/m^ was

not exceeded.

The maximum 24-hour concentration of SO2 was 201 yg/m^ at the

Lone Butte site. The 24-hour State standard of 260 yg/m^ was not

exceeded during 1986.

The maximum annual arithmetic mean was 41 yg/ra^ at the Lone Butte

site; therefore, the State annual standard of 60 yg/m^ was not

exceeded at any of the sites.

The sulfur dioxide data are summarized in Table 5.

- 26 -

TABLE 5

POLLUTANT! SULFUR DIOXIDE (U6/H3)

LOCATION

COHPARISON OF AIR QUALITY DATA NITH



N A X I H A

SAHPLIN8 NUN 1 - HOUR 3 - HOUR 24 -HOUR ARITH ARITH IHR 3HR 24HR ANNL X

YEAR PERIOD NETH DBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND HEAN S. D. t>71S i>1300 #>260 AH>60 >HOV

BEULAH

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER

LONE BUTTE

1986 JAN-DEC 20 8037 152 134 129 90 28

1986 JAN-DEC 20 8683 89 71 71 52 22

1986 JAN-DEC 20 7920 265 238 224 147 54

26

22

37

LOSTNOOD NILDLIFE 1986 JAN-DEC 20 8494 86 58 53 52 21

TRNP-NU

TRNP-SU

1986 JAN-DEC 20 8666 183 149 119 75 35

1986 JAN-DEC 20 8357 52 47 36 31

15

23

5 7.86

4 3.70

6 11.88

1986 JAN-DEC 20 7853 734 710 491 428 201 191 41 69.15

3 3.20

4 5.87

15 13 3 2.12

27.1

13.6

27.3

57.4

12.5

14.8

6.4

« THE AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR S02 ARE 1) THE HAXIHUH 1-HOUR STANDARD IS 715 U6/N3 NOT TO BE EXCEEDED. 2) THE HAXIHUH

3-HOUR AVERA8E IS 1300 U8/N3 NOT TO BE EXCEEDED HORE THAN ONCE PER YEAR. 3) THE HAXIHUH 24-HOUR AVERA6E IS 260 U8/H3 NOT

TO BE EXCEEDED. 4) 60 U6/N3 HAXIHUH ANNUAL ARITHHETIC HEAN.

- 27 -

NITRIC OXIDE

There are no State or Federal standards for nitric oxide.

The maximum annual arithmetic mean for nitric oxide (NO) was 3

ng/m'^ at the Beulah and Hannover sites. The maximum 1-hour

average concentration was 58 pg/m^ at the Beulah site.

The nitric oxide data are summarized in Table 6.

- 28 -

TABLE 6

POLLUTANT: NITRIC OXIDE (U6/H3)

LOCATION

BEULAH

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER

COMPARISON OF AIR DUALITY DATA HITH

THE NORTH DAKOTA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS *


MAX IMA

SAMPLIN6 NUM 1-HOUR ARITH ARITH

YEAR PERIOD METH DBS 1ST 2ND MEAN S. D.

X

>flDV

1786 JAN-DEC 14 7883 58 57

1986 JAN-DEC 14 8685 17 15

1986 JAN-DEC 14 7230 47 46

3 3.08

2 .38

3 1.48

6.6

.4

1.8

*N0 STANDARD IS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT, HONEVER NITR06EN OXIDE IS MONITORED FOR USE IN OZONE STUDIES.

tell

- 29 -

NITROGEN DIOXIDE

The 1-hour State standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of 200

ug/m , not to be exceeded over 1 percent of the time in any 3-

month period, was not exceeded during 1986. The maximum NO2 1-

hour average concentration recorded was 75 tig/m at the Beulah

residential site.

The State and Federal annual arithmetic mean standard of 100

iig/m was not exceeded during 1986. The maximum annual

arithmetic mean recorded was 6 ug/m at the Beulah residential

site .

As can be seen, the measured concentrations of nitrogen dioxide

in the State are very low.

The nitrogen dioxide data are summarized in Table 7.

- 30 -

TABLE 7

POLLUTANT: NITR06EN DIOXIDE (U6/N3)

LOCATION

BEULAH

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER




H A X I N A

SAHPLIN6 NUN 1-HOUR ARITH ARITH

YEAR PERIOD' NETH OBS 1ST 2ND NEAN S. D.A.H. X

>100 >HDV

1986 JAN-DEC 14 7884 75 73

1986 JAN-DEC 14 8685 41 38

1986 JAN-DEC 14 7230 60 58

5.82

1.71

3.40

22.2

3.2

6.9

* THE AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ARE 100 U6/N3 (0.05 PPH) ANNUAL ARITHMETIC MEAN AND 200 Ue/H3 (0.1 PPH) HAXINUH

1-HOUR CONCENTRATION NOT TO BE EXCEEDED OVER 1 PERCENT OF THE TINE IN ANY 3-NONTH PERIOD.

- 31 -

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

The maximum half-hour hydrogen sulfide (H2S) average concen

tration recorded during 1986 was 3,055 ng/m^ at the Lone Butte

s ite.

The North Dakota State Department of Health's standard (7 5 pg/m^,

maximum 1/2-hour average concentration not to be exceeded over

twice a year) was exceeded 2,532 times; 9 times at the TRNP-NU

site, and 2,523 times at the Lone Butte site.

The North Dakota State Department of Health's standard (4 5 ug/m^

maximum 1/2-hour average concentration not to be exceeded more

than twice in any 5 consecutive days) was exceeded a total of

3,359 times; 39 times at the TRNP-NU site, and 3,320 times at the

Lone Butte site.

The hydrogen sulfide data are summarized in Table 8.

- 32 -

TABLE 8

POLLUTANT: HYDR06EN SULFIOE (U6/N3)

CONPARISON OF AIR SUALITY DATA MITH


STATE: NORTH DAKOTA YEAR: 198&-1986

LOCATION

SANPLINe NUN

YEAR PERIOD DBS

n A U H A ARITH ARITH

NIll 1ST 2ND 3RD HEAN S.D. t>75 t>45I

>NDV

LONE BUTTE 1986 JAN-DEC 14845 0 3055 2958 2731 53 144.86 2523 3320 46.3

LOSTNOOD HILDLIFE REFUGE 1986 JAN-DEC 17446 0 25 24 18 3 .59 0.9

TRNP-NU 1986 JAN-DEC 16521 0 122 118 115 4 4.54 9 39 6.1

TRNP-SU 1986 JAN-DEC 17186 0 22 18 17 3 .33 0.3

♦ THE STATE AHBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ARE 75 U6/H3 NOT TO BE EXCEEDED HORE THAN TNICE PER YEAR. 45 U6/H3 NOT TO BEXCEEDEOnORE THAN TNICE IN 5 CONSECUTIVE DAYS.

- 33 -

OZONE

The maximum 1-hour ozone (O3) concentration recorded during 1986

was 0.0 7 ppm at the Hannover and Dunn Center sites. This is

considerably less than the 1-hour standard of 0.12 ppm. ^

The ozone data are summarized in Table 9. W

'lUi^

- 34 - ^

TABLE 9

POLLUTANT: OZONE (PPH)

LOCATION

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER

TRNP-NU


THE NORTH DAKOTA AHBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS i


SAHPLIN6 DAYS NUH 1 - H 0 U R H A )( I H A tHOURS X

YEAR PERIOD SANPLED HETH OBS 1ST DATE 2ND DATE 3RD DATE >.12 >HDV

1986 JAN-DEC 365 11 6185 0.07 6/18 0.07 6/25 0.06 5/29 100.0

1986 JAN-DEC 365 11 3195 0.07 6/18 0.07 6/25 0.06 5/22 100.0

1986 JAN-DEC 365 11 6425 0.06 5/29 0.06 5/27 0.06 5/26 99.9

* THE AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR OZONE IS 0.12 PPH (235 U6/H3) NOT TO BE EXCEEDED NORE THAN ONCE PER YEAR.

- 35 -

INHALABLE PARTICULATES (PM^q)

By examining the maxima* it can be seen that the largest maximum,

O

136 wg/m at the Williston site, is less than the proposed

Federal standard in the range of 150 yg/m^ to 2 50 yg/m^.

The inhalable particulate data are summarized in Table 10.

The annual arithmetic mean varied from 30.1 yg/m^ at the

Dickinson site to 16.6 yg/m^ at the Wood worth site.

Please note that some of the sites were on an every second day

sampling schedule; whereas, others were every sixth day (see

Table 1) .

*Data gathered by the duplicate sampler at collocated sites areused primarily for quality assurance purposes and are notcounted as valid samples unless the primary sample is unavailable or unusable for that date.

- 36 -

TABLE 10

POLLUTANT: INHALABLE PARTICULATES

LOCATION

BISHARCK

BISHARCK DUP

DICKINSON

DUNN CENTER

FARSO

FAR60 DUP

BRAND FORKS

MI NOT

TRNP-SU

NILLISTON

HOODNORTH

COMPARISON OF AIR fiUALITY DATA NITH

THE NORTH DAKOTA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ♦STATE: NORTH DAKOTA YEAR: 1986-1986

SAltt%:[MAX I MA ^ ARITH I

YEAR PERIOD OBS MIN 1ST 2ND 3RD MEAN MEAN S.D. #>150 GM>60 >MDV

99.4

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

93.9

100.0

100.0

99.1

100.0

1986 JAN-DEC 173 4 122 90 76 26.4 29.0 13.95

1986 JAN-DEC 61 7 105 71 62 27.2 30.1 15.43

1986 JAN-DEC 177 11 114 87 69 27.4 30.1 14.24

1986 JAN-DEC 60 7 41 41 37 18.9 20.4 8.04

1986 JAN-DEC 174 11 129 59 56 26.3 28.4 12.87

1986 DEC-DEC 4 15 28 18 17 *** m

1986 JAN-DEC 175 3 125 62 59 19.8 22.8 13.20

1986 DEC-DEC \ 1 1 ttt *** ***

1986 OCT-DEC 12 12 34 22 20 ♦*«

1986 JAN-DEC 117 3 136 65 52 15.9 19.2 15.30

1986 JAN-DEC 51 6 36 35 31 15.0 16.6 7.56

♦ NO STANDARD HAS BEEN PR0MUL6ATED.LESS THAN 75X OF THE POSSIBLE SAMPLES (DATA) HERE COLLECTED.

37 -

This page is blank

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Considering all the pollutants monitored, the State of North

Dakota has relatively clean air. A summary for each pollutant is

provided below:

TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP)

Annual geometric mean concentrations of TSP, calculated for the

network, were between 25% and 72% of the standard (60 yg/m^ ) .

For the most part, the State had low annual geometric means. No

exceedances of the 60 yg/m annual geometric mean standard were

noted.

The 150 yg/m"* 24-hour State standard was exceeded one time. The

highest recorded 24-hour concentrations ranged from 16% to 120%

O

of the standard (150 yg/m ) with the highest recorded value (180

yg/m ) occurring at the Bismarck site on March 15. No violations

of the 24-hour standard were noted during the year. In general,

high TSP concentrations occur during the late spring, summer, and

early fall, and usually can be attributed to the planting and

harvesting seasons or dry conditions and high winds. This year's

relatively low measured concentrations and lack of violations can

be attributed to the above-average rainfall received across the

State during 1986.

- 39 -

SUSPENDED SULFATES (SO4)

Seventy-one percent of the sites monitoring for suspended

sulfates exceeded the maximum annual arithmetic mean standard of

4 [ig/m . One exceedance of the short-term suspended sulfate

standard (12 ug/m , 24-hour average) was observed.

SUSPENDED NITRATES (NO3)

There are no State or Federal standards for suspended nitrates.

In general, the annual arithmetic means of the NO3 concentrations

(1.0-2.5 yg/m ) are considered to be low at all sites.

SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

The State 1-hour standard of 715 ug/rt? was exceeded on March 7th

at the Lone Butte site. No exceedances of any other State or

Federal standard was measured at any of the sites.

NITRIC OXIDE (NO) AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)

Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are not considered to be

problems in North Dakota. Measured concentrations of NO2 did not

exceed the standards set for NO2.

- 40 -

HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

The North Dakota hydrogen sulfide standard is primarily a

welfare-related standard as opposed to a health-related

standard. However, hydrogen sulfide is a dangerous gas that

poses definite health hazards and can be deadly in higher

concentrations. The hydrogen sulfide emission problem is

associated primarily with oil and gas production in the western

part of the State. The 45 yg/m^ State standard was exceeded by

22.4% of the samples at the Lone Butte site; whereas, 17.0% of

the samples exceeded the 7 5 yg/m^ standard. At the North Unit of

the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, 0.2% of the samples

exceeded the 45 yg/m^ standard; whereas, 0.1% exceeded the 75

yg/m^ standard.

OZONE (O3)

Ozone monitoring is of interest because it results from complex

photochemical reactions between hydrocarbons and oxides of

nitrogen. The levels of ozone in North Dakota are well below the

1-hour standard of .12 ppm.

INHALABLE PARTICULATES (PM^g)

The concentrations of PMj^q that have been measured to date are

below the proposed standards for inhalable particulates. The

spring season is usually the time of maximum concentration for

- 41 -

particulates because of strong winds associated with springtime

storm systems.

- 42 -

pi

mI

REFERENCES

This page is blank

REFERENCES

1 Environmental Protection Agency, May 1977. Quality Assurance

Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems Volume II,

Ambient Air Specific Methods, EPA-600/4-77-027a, Office of

Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,

NC.

2 Environmental Protection Agency, May 10, 1979. Title 40,

Code of Federal Regulations, Part 5 8, United States

Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,

Washington, DC.

3 Environmental Protection Agency, August 7, 1980. Prevention

of Significant Deterioration, Title 40, Code of Federal

Regulations, Part 52, United States Government Printing

Office, Washington, DC.

- 45 -

This page is blank

u

GLOSSARY OF AIR QUALITY TERMS

APPENDIX 1

This page is blank

AMBIENT AIR

That portion of the atmosphere, external to buildings, to

which the general public has access; i.e., the surrounding

outside air.

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

A physical and chemical measure of the concentration of var

ious chemicals in the ambient air. The quality is usually

determined over a specific time period.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (Also called barometric pressure)

The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of

gravitational attraction exerted upon a "column" of air lying

directly above the point in question.

Atmospheric pressure is one of the basic meteorological ele

ments. It is measured by many varieties of barometer, and is

expressed in several units systems. The most common unit

used is the millibar (one millibar equals 1000 dynes per

cm ). Also employed are units of weight per area and units

of force per area. A standard atmosphere has been defined in

terms of equivalence to each of the above unit systems, and

it is used as a unit itself.

- 49 -

ATTAINMENT AREA

A geographic area in which the quality of the air is better

than federal air pollution standards. PSD requirements apply

to attainment areas.

CLASS I AREA

Any area which is designated for the most stringent degrees

of protection frcro future degradation of air quality. The

Clean Air Act designates as mandatory Class I areas each

national park over 6,000 acres and each national wilderness

area over 5,000 acres.

CLASS II AREA

Any area cleaner than federal air quality standards which is

designated for a moderate degree of protection from future

air quality degradation. Moderate increases in new pollution

may be permitted in a Class II area.

CLASS III AREA

Any area cleaner than federal air quality standards which is

designated for a lesser degree of protection from future air

quality degradation. Significant increases in new pollution

may be permitted in a Class III area. There are no Class III

areas in North Dakota

- 50 -

CLEAN AIR ACT

The law enacted by Congress to protect and enhance the

quality of the nation's air resources so as to promote the

public health and welfare and the productive capacity of its

population. It was last amended in 1977.

CRITERIA POLLUTANT

A pollutant for which EPA has established a national ambient

air quality standard under Section 109 of the Clean Air

Act. Present criteria pollutants are: carbon monoxide,

lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and total

suspended particulates.

INCREMENTS

The amount of additional pollutant, beyond already existing

background levels, which may be allowed in a particular PSD

area. The size of allowable increment varies with whether

the area is Class I, Class II, or Class III.

METEOROLOGY

The science dealing with the atmosphere and its phenomena,

particularly relating to weather.

MICRON (p)

A metric unit of measure of length equal to one millionth

— 6(10 ) of a meter and to one thousandth of a millimeter,

this unit is often used for describing sizes of airborne

- 51 -

particulates and is commonly designated by the Greek letter

MU (u ) .

NITROGEN OXIDES

Compounds of nitrogen including N2O, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O3,

N2O4, N2O5. Those most commonly encountered in the atmos

phere are nitrous oxide (N2O), a normal constituent of the

air; and nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which

are classified as pollutants.

NONATTAINMENT AREA

A geographic area in which the quality of the air is worse

than federal air pollution standards. PSD requirements do

not apply in nonattainment areas.

OZONE

A form of oxygen, O3, having three atoms of oxygen to the

molecule. It is found in the atmosphere in minute quantities

and is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is a toxic constituent

of photochemical smog.

PARTICLES

Any solid matter emitted by a pollutant source. It is

composed of settleable matter (which will settle as dust

within a reasonable period of time) and suspended matter

(which remains suspended in the atmosphere until washed out

- 52 -

by precipitation, deposited by impaction, or removed by some

other process).

PARTICULATE MATTER

Finely divided solids or liquids.

PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG

Air pollution resulting from light-induced reactions between

certain organic materials and nitrogen dioxide.

PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION (or prevailing wind)

The direction most frequently observed during a given period

from which the wind blows. The periods most frequently used

are the observational day, month, season, and year.

PSD - Prevention of Significant Deterioration

A planning and management process under Sections 160 through

169 of the Federal Clean Air Act for allocation and use of

air resources.

SIP - State Implementation Plan

A state developed, federally approved plan for implementing

and enforcing requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act.

WIND

Air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. Since

vertical components of atmospheric motion are relatively

- 53 -

small, especially near the surface of the earth, meteor

ologists use the term to denote almost exclusively the

horizontal component. Vertical winds are always identified

as such.

WIND BAR CHART

A bar chart showing the frequency of occurrence of winds from

given directions.

WIND ROSE

A diagram showing the wind direction and speed and their

variations for a day, a month, or any other specified period

of time, for a specific location and altitude.

REFERENCE

North Dakota State Department of Health, February 1981.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Quality Assurance

Program. Division of Environmental Engineering, Bismarck,

ND.

- 54 -

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

APPENDIX 2

This page is blank

The following list of acronyms and abbreviations are included to

^ aid the reader of this report. All of them are not found in this

report; however, they are all used in the air quality monitoring

1* effort and can be considered as a beneficial reference for air

quality monitoring matters.

- 57 -

AA

AAQM

AAQS

ACFM

AQCR

AQMA

ARITH

MEAN

ARITH

S.D.

CAA

CAAA

CFR

CO

CO2

DAS

EPA

FID

FPD

G or (g)

GC

GEO MEAN

HC

H2S

IC

IP

LNWA

M

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometrv

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality Standards

Actual Cubic Feet per Minute

Air Quality Control Region

Air Quality Maintenance Area

Arithmetic Mean

Arithmetic Standard Deviation

Clean Air Act

Clean Air Act Amendments

Code of Federal Regulations

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide

Data Acquisition System

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Flame lonization Detector

Flame Photometric Detector

Grams

Gas Chromatography

Geometric Mean

Hydrocarbons

Hydrogen Sulfide

Ion Chromatography

Inhalable Particulates

Lostwood National Wilderness Area

Meter

- 58 -

M-*

MAXIMA

1st,2nd,3rd

MIN

MPH

MS

MTB

MU

NAAQS

NAMS

NDIR

NO

NOx

NO2

NO 3

NUM OBS

#

O3

Pb

PPM

PM10

PSD

P&A

% MDV

OA

SIGMA

Cubic Meters

Three Highest Observed Concentrations

Minimum Observed Concentration

Miles Per Hour

Mass Spectrometry

Methylthymol Blue

Micron, (m)/ one millionth.of a meter

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

National Air Monitoring Station

Nondispersive Infrared Analysis

Nitric Oxide

Oxides of Nitrogen

Nitrogen Dioxide

Nitrates

Number of Observations

Number of Samples Greater than the Standardfor that Particular Pollutant

Ozone

Lead

Parts per Million

Particulate Matter 10 u or Less in AerodynamicDi ame te r

Prevention of Significant Deterioration

Precision and Accuracy

Percent of Samples Greater than the MinimumDetectable Value

Quality Assurance

Standard Deviation of the Horizontal

Wind Direction

- 59 -

SIP State Implementation Plan

SLAMS State and Local Air Monitoring Station(s)

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide Smi

SO4 Sulfate

SOx Oxides of Sulfur

SPM Special Purpose Monitoring Station

SSHVL Size Selective High Volume Sampler

STAB Atmosphere Stability

TRNP Theodore Roosevelt National Park

TSP Total Suspended Particulates

WDF Wind Direction Frequency

Reference

North Dakota State Department of Health, February 1981.Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Quality AssuranceProgram. Division of Environmental Engineering, Bismarck,ND.

- 60 -

NORTH DAKOTA AND FEDERAL AMBIENT

r air quality standards

APPENDIX 3

isniil

ma

This page is blank

STANDARDS

In general, air pollutants are divided into two classes: primary

pollutants such as TSP, SO^, CO, NGj^, and H2S; and secondary pol

lutants which are formed as the result of a chemical reaction.

Sources of primary pollutants include power plants, natural gas

processing plants, oil wells, oil refineries, asphalt plants,

factories, wind blown dirt, automobiles, fireplaces, and incin

erators. Secondary pollutants are formed as the result of a

primary pollutant undergoing a chemical reaction; for example,

ozone, which is formed as a result of a photochemical reaction

between hydrocarbons (HC) and NGj^.

The North Dakota Ambient Air Quality Standards are established to

protect public health and welfare.

Table A3-1 presents the current North Dakota Ambient Air Quality

Standards (1); whereas. Table A3-2 depicts the Federal Ambient

Air Quality Standards (EPA)(2). State Standards must be as

strict, as (but may be stricter than) the Federal Standards.

- 63 -

udis-ouct rtiuxjxent air yuaiity Standards

Pollutant Description Standard Value

TSP Maximum annual geometric mean. 60 yg/m^

Maximum 24-hr concentration 150 yg/m^not to be exceeded more thanonce per year.

2^2 Maximum annual arithmetic mean. 60 yg/m^(0.02 ppm)

Maximum 24-hr average concentra- 260 yg/m^tion. (0.10 ppm)

Maximum 1-hr average concentra- 715 yg/m^(0.28 ppm)

CO Maximum 8-hr average con- 10 mg/m^centration not to be exceeded (9.0 ppm)more than once per year.

Maximum 1-hr average con- 40 mg/m^centration not to be exceeded (35.0 ppm)more than once per year.

Maximum 1-hr average con- 235 yg/m^centration not to be exceeded (0.12 ppm)more than once per year.

NO2 Maximum annual arithmetic mean. 100 yg/m^(0.05 ppm)

Maximum 1-hr concentration not 200 yg/m^to be exceeded over 1 percent (0.1 ppm)of the time in any 3-monthperiod.

Pb Maximum arithemtic mean averaged 1.5 yg/m^over a calendar quarter.

Maximum annual arithmetic mean. 4 yg/m^

Maximum 24-hr concentration 12 yg/m^not to be exceeded over 1%

of the time

^28 ' Maximum Sj-hr concentration 45 yg/m^not to be exceeded more than twice (0.032 ppm)in any 5 conseciitive days.

Maximum ^-hr concentration 75 yg/m^not to be exceeded over (0.054 ppm)twice a year.

HC Maximum 3-hr concentration 160 yg/m^(6 to 9 a.m.) not to oe (0.24 ppm)exceeded more than onceper year.

- 64 -

TABLE A3-2

Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant

TSP

SO,

CO

NO,

Pb

Description

Annual geometric mean.

Maximum 24-hr. con-tration not to be ex

ceeded more than once

per year.

Annual arithmetic mean.

Maximum 24-hr concentra

tion not to be exceeded

more than once per year.

Maximum 3-hr concentra

tion not to be exceeded

more than once per year.

8-hr concentration not

to be exceeded more

than once per year.

Primary

75 vig/m"

260 yg/m'

80 yg/m(0.03 ppm)

365 yg/m^(0.14 ppm)

9 ppm -(10 mg/m )

1-hr average concentra- 35 ppm ^tion not to be ex- (40 mg/m )ceeded more than once

per year.

1-hr average concentration not to be

exceeded more than

once per year.

Annual arithmetic mean.

Maximum arithmetic meanaveraged over acalendar quarter.

0.12 ppm.,(235 yg/m'')

100 yg/m(0.05 ppm)

1.5 yg/m^

Secondary

60 yg/m^

150 yg/m^

1300 yg/m'(0.5 ppm)

0.12 ppm -(235 yg/m )

100 yg/m(0.05 ppm)

1.5 yg/m^

- 65 -

REFERENCES

1 Department of Health, March 1, 1980. North Dakota Admin

istrative Code, Article 33-15, Chapter 2, Ambient Air Quality

Standards. Division of Environmental Engineering, Bismarck,

ND.

2 Environmental Protection Agency, May 10, 1979. Environmental

Protection Agency Regulations on National Primary and Second

ary Ambient Air Quality Standards. Title 40, Code of Federal

Regulations, Part 50. United States Government Printing

Office, Washington, DC.

- 66

HIGH VOLUME AIR SAMPLER SCHEDULE

APPENDIX 4

This page is blank

The North Dakota State Department of Health follows the national

six-day schedule developed by EPA. The six-day schedule ensures

that any given day of the week will be chosen as a sampling day

without any influence as to its being a work day, a weekend day,

or a holiday.

Quarter I

January

Quarter II

April

2

8

14

20

26

2

8

14

20

26

1

7

13

25

31

Quarter IV

October 5

11

17

23

29

Quarter III

July

Air Sampling Schedule

1986

February 17

13

19

25

May

August

2

8

14

20

26

6

12

18

24

30

November 4

10

16

22

28

March 3

9

15

21

27

June 1

7

13

19

25

September 511

17

23

29

December 4

10

16

22

28

- 69 -

This page is blank

PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT

DETERIORATION

APPENDIX 5

This page is blank

PSD AREAS

On December 5, 1974, the U.S. EPA, promulgated regulations to

prevent deterioration of air quality in areas of any state where

the air is cleaner than the National Ambient Air Quality Stand

ards (4). The entire State of North Dakota was designated a

Class II PSD area (see i^pendix 1).

The Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 established Feder

ally mandated Class I areas (5). These are areas of special

national or regional concern that receive special protection,

preservation and/or enhancement of the air quality. Included are

areas that have natural, recreational, scenic, or historic

values, such as national parks and national wilderness areas.

The areas in North Dakota subsequently designated and currently

classified as Class I areas are the Theodore Roosevelt National

Park (TRNP) and the Lostwood National Wilderness Area (LNWA).

These areas are shown on Figure A5-1. The Department has estab

lished two monitoring stations in TRNP and one in LNWA in

cooperation with the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, respectively, in recognition of this respon

sibility. The remainder of North Dakota is designated as a Class

II area.

- 73 -

orvioc

MMON lORAMO roiuis

SHCfuoMri wekt*8 eddy

ercELe itraiul

^ILUNGa

LA MOaRE

ADAMO I

1 Theodore Roosevelt National Park - South Unit2 Theodore Roosevelt National Park - North Unit3 Theodore Roosevelt National ^ark - Elkhorn Ranch4 I,r)St:wo(id National Wi Idornosj? Area

Figure A5—1. Class I PSD Areas of North Dakota

f i ( f I I I « I I I I f I I

REFERENCES

1 Environmental Protection Agency, November 25, 1971.

Environmental Protection Agency Regulations on National

Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards, Title

40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 50. United States

Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

2 First Session, 95th Congress, November 1977. The Clean Air

Act as Amended August 1977, United States Government Printing

Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, iX.

- 75 -

This page is blank

AAQM METHODS DESCRIPTIONS

APPENDIX 6

This page is blank

The North Dakota State Department of Health started an AAQM

Quality Assurance Program in 197 9. The Quality Assurance Plan

(1) contains the methodology used with the air monitoring equip

ment. It is partially reproduced here to enable the reader to

better understand how the data are produced.

Ozone - Ozone (O^) is continuously measured by the chemilu-

minescent ethylene - ozone method (Method Code 11). In the

ultra-violet analyzer, a mercury vapor lamp is used to produce

ultra-violet radiation. Concentrations are determined by

measuring the quantity of radiation, which is emitted by the 0^

in the air sample reacting with the ethylene. Ozone analyzers

are calibrated by comparison with an O3 photometer, which is

certified as a transfer standard. The transfer standard is

certified against an absolute ozone photometer located in the

North Dakota State Department of Health Air Quality Services

Laboratory.

Nitrogen Oxides - Nitric oxide (NO) is continuously measured by

the chemiluminescent nitric oxide-ozone method (Method Code

14). This method is based on the gas phase chemical reaction of

NO with ozone. In this method, an ambient air sample is mixed

with an excess of O3 such that NO in the air sample will react

and thereby produce light. The light intensity is measured with

a photomultipl ier and converted into an electronic signal propor

tional to the NO concentration. To measure NO^^ concentrations,

the sum of NO and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), the air sample is

- 79 -

passed through a catalytic converter where any NO2 in the sample

is reduced to NO. This NO and the NO already present in the

sample are then passed into the reaction chamber for measurement

as described above. The NO2 concentration is derived by sub

tracting the NO concentration measurement from the NOj^ concen

tration measurement.

Sulfur Dioxide — Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) concentrations are con

tinuously monitored by either flame photometric (Method Code 16)

or fluorescent analyzers (Method Code 20).

In the flame photometric method, sample air is drawn into a

hydrogen flame in which the sulfur containing molecules are

excited to an activated sulfur species. When activated sulfur

reverts to a lower energy state, light is emitted. The light

level is measured by a photomultiplier tvlbe, which produces an

electronic signal proportional to the sulfur molecule concen

tration. If other gaseous sulfur speci«^s (such as sulfide and/'

mercaptans) are present, they must be Scrubbed from the air

sample stream before the air sample is analyzed.I

In the fluorescent method, sample air is drawn through a chamber

where it is irradiated with pulses of ultra-violet light. Any

SO2 in the chamber is first excited to a higher energy state and

then produces light (fluorescence) as it decays back to the lower

- 80 -

energy state. The level of fluorescence is measured by a photo-

multiplier tube which produces a signal proportional to the

concentration of SO2 in the air sample.

Total Suspended Particulate - Total suspended particulate (TSP)

samples are collected with High Volume (Hi-Vol) air samplers.

The TSP concentrations are determined by weighing the particulate

matter (collected over a 24-hour period on preweighed 8 x 10 inch

glass fiber filters), and dividing the weight by the total volume

(corrected to STP) of air drawn through the filter during the

sample period. The results are reported as micrograms of partic

ulate matter per cubic meter of air ( yg/m^ ) . Samples are usually

collected frcsn midnight-to-midnight every 6th day.

Inhalable Particulates (PMj^g)

Inhalable particulates, those airborne particles with an aero

dynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less, are collected by

using a conventional TSP high volume sampler equipped with a

special fractionating inlet, PMj^ g size - selective high volume

sampler (SSHVL).

Ambient air is drawn into a buffer chamber, which is evacuated at

a rate of 1.133 m^/min (40 ft^/min) through nine acceleration

nozzles. Particles larger than 10 micrometers are impacted on

the buffer chamber floor, whereas particles less than 10 micro

meters pass through nine vent tubes and are collected on a 8" x

- 81 -

11" preweighed inicroquartz fiber filter. The 24-hour sample is

weighed to determine the particulate weight. The concentration

can be determined by obtaining the product of the flow rate and

time of sampling and then dividing the particulate weight by that

volume of air (STP). The samples are generally collected from

midnight to midnight. Two sampling schedules are used, either

every second or sixth day. The results are reported in wg/m^

(STP).

Lead - Lead is collected on glass fiber filters by the high

volume sampler method previously described. A portion of the

filter is then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

to determine the quantity of lead in the sample. Results are

reported in u§/m^* Lead analysis is no longer routinely

performed.

Sulfates - Suspended sulfates are collected on glass fiber

filters by the high volume sampler method previously described.

From January 1, 1986^ through September 30, 1986, a portion of

the filter was extracted with water and this extract was analyzed

by the automated methyl thymol blue (MTB) method using a Technicon

Auto Analyzer. Since October 1, 1986, ion chromatography (IC)

has been used to analyze for sulfates. Results are reported in

ug/m^.

Nitrates - Suspended nitrates are collected on glass fiber

filters by the high volume sampler methods previously

- 82 -

described. From January 1, 1986, through September 30, 1986, the

nitrate sample was extracted with water frcwn a section of the

filter and this extract is analyzed for nitrate by the

autocadmium reduction method using the Technicon Auto Analyzer.

Since October 1, 1986, ion chromotography (IC) has been used to

analyze for nitrates. Results are reported in ng/m^*

Hydrogen Sulfide - Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) concentrations are

continuously monitored by either flame photometric or fluorescent

analyzers.

In the flame photometric method, all of the oxides of sulfur are

removed fron the sample air by an SOj^ scrubber. The sample air

is then analyzed for H2S employing the same principles for H2S as

were used for SO2 (see Sulfur Dioxide).

The fluorescent method employs an H2S converter in which all of

the H2S in the sample air is converted to 302- By operating at

moderate temperatures, the converter doesn't convert any other

sulfur compounds into SO2, thus resulting in a quantitative

measurement of SO2 and H2S in the sample air.

- 83 -

w

Reference;

1 Department of Healthf February 1981. North Dakota State

Department of Realth Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Network Quality Assurance Program. Division of Environ-

mental Engineering, Bismarck, ND.

4aiit

- 84 -

CRITERIA FOR REPRESENTATIVENESS

APPENDIX 7

This page is blank

Air quality statistics are usually computed from short-term

observed values. For example, an annual arithmetic mean is

computed from all available hourly averages for continuous

methods and from all available 24-hour averages for manual

methods. If all short-term values for the statistical time

period are available, the calculated statistic is represent

ative. However, because all short-term values for a given

period often are not available, a minimum number of observations

are needed to provide reasonable confidence that the calculated

value is a reliable estimate. In general, statistics are con

sidered representative if the following conditions are met:

1. 75% of the possible short-term values are included and are

distributed throughout the entire statistical time period.

2. If more than 75% of the values are greater than the minimum

detectable value.

To ensure that seasonal variations are accounted for, represent

ative annual statistics are required to have four representative

calendar quarter of data. For example, if the annual mean is

based on 24-hour samples, such as those computed for total sus

pended particulate samples, three representative months are re

quired for each calendar quarter. A 24-hour particulate sample

is collected once every six days for a total of five samples per

a 31-day month. Thus, three or fewer samples (less than or equal

to 60% data recovery) will not meet the criteria for a reliable

- 87 -

estimate for the monthly mean concentration. The lack of repre

sentativeness of the monthly mean concentrations precludes a

reliable estimate of a representative calendar quarter, which in

turn precludes the representativeness of an annual statistic.

Each level of criteria; e.g., hour, day, month, quarter, and

year, must be met in order to make a representative annual

s tatistic.

For observations made at less than 24-hour intervals; e.g.,

hourly samples, a representativeness determination depends on

whether all of the individual values are to be used or a single

daily value is to be used; e.g., daily average vs. daily maximum

hour. In general, for representative statistics computed from

all the individual values (such as a mean of all hours), 75% of

the values in the respective period are required. For repre

sentative statistics computed from daily values (such as a

monthly mean of daily maximum hours), data from 75% of the days

in the month are required. In addition, the data within those

days must meet the appropriate representativeness criteria.

- 88 -

CHARACTERISTICS, SOURCES AND HEALTH/WELFAREEFFECTS OF THE SIX CRITERIA POLLUTANTS

APPENDIX 8

This page is blank

CHARACTERISTICS, SOURCES AND HEALTH/WELFAREEFFECTS OF THE SIX CRITERIA POLLUTANTS

1. Total Suspended Particulates

a. Characteristics

Any solid or liquid particles dispersed in the atmos

phere, such as dust, pollen, ash, soot, metals, and

various chemicals; the particles are often classified

according to size as settleable particles, larger than

50 u; aerosols, smaller than 50 y; and fine partic

ulates, smaller than 3 y.

b. Principal Sources

Natural events (such as forest fires, wind erosion,

volcanic eruptions); stationary combustion, especially

of solid fuels; construction activities; industrial

processes; atmospheric chemical reactions.

c. Principal Effects

Health; aggravation of asthma or other respiratory or

cardiorespiratory symptoms; increased cough and chest

discomfort; increased mortality.

- 91 -

other; soiling and deterioration of building materials

and other surfaces, impairment of visibility; cloud

formation; interference with plant photosyntheses.

2. Sulfur Dioxide

a. Characteristics

A colorless gas with a pungent odor; SO2 can oxidize to

form sulfur trioxide (SO3), which forms sulfuric acid

with water,


Combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels, smelting

of sulfur-bearing metal ores, industrial processes,

natural events such as volcanic eruptions.


Health: aggravation of respiratory diseases, including

asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema; reduced lung

function; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract;

increased mortality.

Other: corrosion of metals; deterioration of electrical

contacts, paper, textiles, leather, finishes and

- 92

coatings, and building stone; formation of acid rain;

leaf injury and reduced growth in plants.

3. Carbon Monoxide

a. Characteristics

A colorless, odorless gas with a strong chemical

affinity for hemoglobin in blood.


Incomplete combustion of fuels and other carbon-

containing substances, such as in motor vehicle

exhausts; natural events such as forest fires or

decomposition of organic matter.


Health; reduced tolerance for exercise; impairment of

mental function; impairment of fetal development;

aggravation of cardiovascular diseases.

Othe r: un kn own.

- 93 -

4. Ozone

a. Characteristics

Colorless, gaseous compound that is the principal

component of smog.


Atmospheric reactions of chemical precursors (oxides of

nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide) under the

influences of sunlight.


Health; aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular

illnesses; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract;

impairment of cardiopulmonary function.

Other: deterioration of rubber, textiles, and paints;

impairment of visibility; leaf injury, reduced growth,

and premature fruit and leaf drop in plants.

- 94 -

5. Nitrogen Dioxide

a. Characteristics

A brownish-red gas with a pungent odor.


Motor vehicle exhaust, high temperature stationary

combustion, atmospheric reactions.


Health; aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular

illness and chronic nephritis.

Other: fading of paints and dyes; impairment of

visibility; reduced growth and premature leaf drop in

plants.

6. Lead

a. Characteristics

Occurring as an inorganic metal particulate.

- 95 -


Auto exhaust containing tetraethyl lead, an anti-knock

agent in gasoline; industrial smelting processes; lead-

acid battery manufacturing; solid fuel combustion

processes; natural sources such as from soil erosion.


Health; reduces red blood cell production with

resultant mild anemia; affects central and peripheral

nervous system.

Reference

Volume I: General Principles, Patty's Industrial Hygiene and

Toxicology, 3rd ed., edited by George D. Clayton and Florence

E. Clayton, 3 vols. New York: John J. Wiley and Sons, 1978.

- 96 -

AIR QUALITY PERSONNEL AND

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

APPENDIX 9

This page is blank

The following organizational charts indicate that the Air Quality

Services Branch of the Division of Environmental Engineering is

part of the Environmental Health Section which is responsible to

the State Health Officer. The State Health Officer in coopera

tion with the Statewide Health Coordinating Council and State

Health Council administers the laws regarding health. All of the

aforementioned people, branches, divisions, and councils are

responsible for the health of the people of North Dakota to the

Governor, who is ultimately responsible to the citizens of North

Dakota.

- 99 -

Octotef 1. 1986

GOVERNOR

C«orgc A. Sinner

STATE HEALTH COUNCIL

Kethrfn Laderc

Cheirperaon

LEGAL COUNSEL

Gtenii Potneroy

PREVENTIVE HEALTH

SECTION

St««e McOonouqti, M.D.

BOARDS - COUNCILS - COMMISSIONS

CHEMISTRY

Ktnnetfi Kary

ACCOUNTING

Kathy Albin

EMERGENCY HEALTH

SERVICES

Robert Pretae

ENVIRONMENTAL

ENFORCEMENT

William OHmofe

PROGRAM/PROJECT

REVIEW VITAL RECORDS

Beverly Kleimener

HEALTH PLANNING

Gary Garland

MICROBIOLOGY

RESEARCH. INFORMATION.

AND SUPPORT

HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT AND SPECIAL

STUDIES

Manin Schodc

COMMUNITY HEALTH

NURSING

La Vrrne Lee

WATER SUPPLY AND

POLLUTION CONTROL

Francis Schwindt

HEALTH FACILITIES

Fred Gladden

PERSONNEL OFFICE

Dan LeRoy

MATERNAL AND CHILD

HEALTH

Steve McDonouqh, M.D.

LOCAL HEALTH

SERVICES

Edward Sypnieski

ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

Dana Mourn

HEALTH EDUCATION

Sandy Adami

DISEASE CONTROL

James Pearson

LABORATORY SERVICES

SECTION

Jane Robb. Actinq

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

SECTION

Roben A. Barnett

HEALTH RESOURCES

SECTION

Joe PratKhner

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

SECTION

Gene A. Chriittamon

ENVIRONMENTAL

SANITATION

AND

INSPECTION

Bob Hennas

OFFICE OF THE STATE HEALTH OFFICER

STATE HEALTH OFFICER

Robert M. Wentz. M.D., M.P.H.

-Air Pollution Control Advisory Council

—Certification of Water Distribution and

Wastewater Syttemi Operaton' AdvisoryBoard

-Environmental Health Practitioners' AdvisoryBoard

—Little Missouri River Commission

-Medical Canter Advisory Council

-North Dakota Board of Water Well

Contractors

-North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission

-State Board of Embalmers

-State Board of Examiners for Nursin9 HomeAdministratora

-State Council on DevelopmentalDisabilities

—State Outdoor Recreation InteragencyCouncil

-State Plumbing Board

-Stats Retirement Board

-State Water Pollution Control Board

—State Weather Modification Board

-Emergency Health Services Council

District Health Units

Central Valley, JamestownCity County. Valley CityCutter. Mandan

Emmons. Linton

First, Minot

Kidder. Staele

Lake Region. Devils Lake

Nelson/Griggs, McVilleSargent, Forman

Southwestern. DickinsonTraill, Hillsboro

Upper Missouri, Williston

- 100 -

LOCAL HEALTH UNITS

City/County Health Units

Bismarck/Burleigh NursingService

Fargo Community HealthGrand Forks City/County

County Health Departments

Foster County

Psmbina County

Ransom CountyRichland CountySteele County

Walsh County

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Field Operations Radiation Controf Noise ControlData Management

-j Rodney Peterson 1 L-j james KillingbecTI"~1 Stephen Char 1 ton |

Dale Patrick |

I Robert King |

t—'^""1 Gary Helbling |

-j Tom BachmarTl

~i James Semerad |

—I Mark Li 1 lemon |

H Vacant |

—I Vacant 1

"i Albert BreitbaclTI "j Daniel Harman |

"I Allen Johnson j H Arlen Jacobson

H Gregory Ulber^

—I Daniel Franciere"]

—I Randal 1 Schmidt"]

I LeeAnn Tillotson"!

—\ Ann Schlosser

Sherri Jahraus

Dawn Bro^

Dana K. Mount

Pi rector

Terry L. O'ClairAssistant Director

Air Quality ServicesCharles McDonald

Secretarial Services

Vivian Burkhardt

Air (Xiality ManagementDouglas Lipetzky

Radiation and Noise Control

Jeffrey BurgessOccupational Health Program

Lee Huber

12/11/86

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w

bsf^

!

[ad



EXPLANATION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE STATISTICS

APPENDIX 10

iimi

This page is blank



DEFINITIONS OF TERMS - QUALITY ASSURANCE STATISTICS

CONTINUOUS METHODS

I. PRECISION

A. Single Analyzer Precision

1. Percentage difference (dj^)

- ̂ i ~ Xj X 100Xi (1)

Where; Yj^ = analyzer's indicated concentration

from the i-th precision check

= known concentration of test gas

used for the i-th precision check

2. Quarterly average (dj)

n

d^j = En i = 1 (2)

Where: n is the number of precision checks

on the instrument made during the

calendar quarter

- 105 -

3. Standard deviation (Sj)

Sj 'I 1n

n 2 n

E d. - (E d.)i^= 1 n i = 1 J-1 (3)

B. Precision for Reporting Organization

1. Average of Averages (D)

K _

D = E = d^k j = l-" (4)

Where: k is in the number of analyzers within

the reporting organization for a single

pollutant

2. Pooled standard deviation (S_)CL

k 2

®a ~ I — ̂ ^j' k 3 = 1 (5)

Note: equations 4 and 5 are used when the

same number of precision checks are made

for each instrument. Otherwise,

equations 4a and 5a are used to obtain a

- 106 -

weighted average and a weighted standard

deviation.

D — n-] d| + n-p dp + »». + n.t d.j + + n|, d|^*^1 ^2 **• (4a)

I 2 2 2- /(n^ —l)Si + (no-l)S-p H- ... + (n—l)Sj + ,

nj^ + n2 + • • • + nj + • . . "*■ Oj,Sa - / (n^-l)Si + (no-l)So H- ... + (n-l)S.; + ... + (ny-l)Su

1,^1. - k (5a)

3. Upper 95 percent probability limit =

D + 1.96 Sg (6)

4. Lower 95 percent probability limit =

D- 1.96 Sg (7)

C. Precision Criteria NDSDH

The precision limits of the NDSDH are:

_+ 15% Note: Applies to Part I.A.I.

II. ACCURACY

A. Single Analyzer Accuracy

1. Percentage differences are calculated according to

equation (1) for each audit concentration level.

- 107 -

B. Accuracy for Reporting Organization

1. Average of averages (D)

k

D = 1 S d

k i = 1 ^ (8)

is calculated for each concentration level.

2. Pooled standard deviation (S^) is calculated for

each concentration level of all the individual

percentage differences for all analyzers and for

all pollutants using equation (9).

k k IE d. - (Zi = 1 k i = 1 I (9)

3. Upper and lower 95 percent probability limits:

For reporting organizations having four or fewer

analyzers for a particular pollutant, only one

audit is required each quarter. Therefore, the

average and standard deviation cannot be calcu

lated. For such reporting units, the audit results

of two consecutive quarters are required to calcu

late an average and a standard deviation using

- 108 -

equations 8 and 9, and the reporting of probability

limits are therefore required on a semiannual

(instead of a quarterly) basis. For each pollu

tant, calculate the 95 percent probability limits

for the accuracy of a reporting organization at

each audit concentration level using equation 6 and

7.

C, Accuracy Criteria NDSDH

The accuracy limits for the NDSDH are illustrated in the

reprint of Table 12.11 Linear Regression Criteria as

found on page 89 of Section 2.0.12 of Volume II, Quality

Assurance Handbook for air pollution measuring systems.

The criteria for slope are also applied to individual

percent differences (dj^) described in Part II A.

TABLE 12.11. LINEAR REGRESSION CRITERIA

SlopeExcellent _< + 5%

Satisfactory jt6% - jfl5%

Unsatisfactory >+15%

j^+3%>+3%

between analyzer response andaudit concentration



of the analyzer rangeof the analyzer range

InterceptSatisfactoryUnsatisfactory

Correlation

Coefficient

Satisfactory 0.9950 to 0.9999 linear analyzer response toaudit concentrations

Unsatisfactory <0.9950 nonlinear analyzer responseto audit concentrations

- 109 -

MANUAL METHODS

I. PRECISION

A. Single Instrument Precision

1. Percentage difference (d^)

dj 100

Where: is the concentration of pollu

tant measured by the duplicate sampler

is the concentration of pollutant

measured by the sampler reporting air

quality for the State.

2. Quarterly average (dj) use equation (2)

3. Standard deviation (Sj) use equation (3).

Note: At low concentrations, agreement

between the measurements of collected

samplers, expressed as 95 Percent Prob

ability Limits, may be poor. For this

reason, a separate count is made of the

occurrence of pollutant measurements

- 110 -

mi

below specified levels. Count the number

of samples from all collocated sites

which indicate a measurement from a

sampler reporting air quality for the

site below the following limits:

TSP less than 20 yg/m^

SO2 less than 40 yg/m^ (bubbler)

NO2 less than 30 yg/m^ (bubbler)Pb less than 0.15 yg/m^

B. Precision of Reporting Organization

For each pollutant calculate the following:

1. Average percentage difference (D) using equation

(4) or (4a)

2. Pooled standard deviation (S^) using equation (5)

or (5a)

Note: For these calculations, the k of

equations 4, 5, 4a, and 5a is the number

of samplers at collocated sites desig

nated to report air quality. Results

from all collocated sampling sites shall

be reported.

- Ill -

3. Upper 95 Percent Probability Limit using equation

(10)

/——D + 1.96 S^/^2 (10)

4. Lower 95 Percent Probability Limit using equation

(11)

D - 1.96 S^/^2 (11)

C. Precision Criteria NDSDH

The precision limits of the NDSDH are; _+ 20%

Note: Applies to Part I.A.I.

II. ACCURACY

A. Single Analyzer/Parameter Accuracy

1. Individual percent differences (dj^) are calculated

using Equation (1) where;

represents the known flow rate or concentration

- 112 -

represents the indicated flow rate or

concentration

B. Accuracy of Reporting Organization

1. Calculate the average (D) of the individual percent

differences for all instruments or parameters

audited using Equation (8).

2. Compute the standard deviation (S^) of all theCi

percent differences for all instruments or

parameters audited during the quarter using

Equation (9).

3. Calculate Upper and Lower 95 Percent Probability

Limits using Equations (6) and (7).

Note: The upper and lower 9 5 percent prob

ability limits are synonymous with upper

and lower control limits and are often

abbreviated UCL and LCL.

C. Accuracy Criteria NDSDH

The accuracy limits for flow for the NDSDH are j^7%.

- 113 -

The accuracy limits for suspended sulfates and nitrates

for the NDSDH are ;!^I5%.

Re ferenees :

Environmental Protection Agency, May 10, 1979, as amended.

Quality Assurance Requirements for State and Local Air

Monitoring Stations (SLAMS). Title 44, Code of Federal

Regulations, Part 58. United States Government Printing

Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC.

Environmental Protection Agency, May 1977. Quality Assurance

Handbook for Air Pollution Measuring Systems, Volume II.

Publication No. EPA-600/4-77-027a. Office of Air Quality

Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.

- 114 -

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

APPENDIX 11

This page is blank

wind bar charts for the seven meteorological stations are shown

in Figures All-1 through All-7. The wind speed and wind

direction from the seven meteorological monitoring stations

operated during 1986 are summarized in Tables All-1 through All-

7. There is no minimum detectable value for wind direction;

however, the North Dakota State Department of Health uses 1 mph

for thd minimum detectable value for wind speed.

The predominant wind component at most of the sites, when

considering all wind speeds, was westerly.

- 117 -

TABLE All-1

Beulah Meteorological Data Summary

FF^FOUEMCY D:i b" I R 5 OUT ION OF WIND DIRECTION VS. WIND SPEEDBY SITE FOR

FRFOUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT

DlFn-XTION

00

I

00-03 04 07 08-12

N 0. 67 ?. 22 1. 40

MNE 0. ai 1. 44 0. 74

NE 1. 17 1. 71 0. 91

ENE 2. 1 2. 70 1. 34

E 2. 37 4. 51 1. 57

ESE 0. 84 1. 98 1. 63

SE 0. 45 1. 19 1. 59

SSE 0. 40 1. 16 1. 56

S 0. 63 1. 22 1. 56

S3W 0. 57 0. 91 0. 61

SW 1. 26 1. 54 0. 84

WSW 2. 74 5. 59 2. 53

W 4. 59 6. 06 2. 05

WNW 2. 33 3. 10 2. 23

NW 1. 11 1. 40 2. 45

NNW 0. 90 1. 77 2. 02

CALM 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

TOT 23. 26 39. 38 25. 02

t c I I

SPEED (MPH)13-18 19-24 25-

0. 19

0. 07

0. 05

0. 16

0. 13

0. 39

0. 91

1. 07

0. 91

0. 34

0. 25

0. 48

0. 87

0. 80

2. 30

1. 14

0. 00

10. 05

0. 00

0. 00

O. 00

0. 01

0. 02

0. 01

0. 44

0. 24

0. 07

O 08

O. 05

0. 02

0. 12

0. 18

0. 53

0. 14

0. 00

1. 93

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

O.

0.

O.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

31 32-

00 0.

00 0.

00 O.

00

00

00

00

00

04

01

0.

0.

0.

13 0.

04 0.

00 0.

06 0.

0.

O.

00 0.

07 0.

O.

0.

00 0.

35 0

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

01

00

00

00

00

00

00

01

39-46 > 46 TOT AVE 7,T0T

o

oo

p

o

374 6. 7 4. 5

0. 00

p

o

256 5. 6 3. 1

o

oo

p

oo

321 5. 5 3. 8

oo

6

co

d559 5. 3 6. 7

o

oo

p

oo

719 5. 4 8. 6

o

oo

oo

d

404 7. 0 4. 8

0. 00

p

oo

394 10. 5 4. 7

p

oo

co

d

372 10. 0 4. 5

o

oo

0. 00 367 8. 8 4. 4

oo

6

p

OO

215 8. 0 2. 6

o

oo

co

d

330 6. 2 4. 0

p

oo

p

oo

949 5. 9 11. 4

p

oo

p

p

1210 5. 6 14. 5

oo

d

oo

d

728 7. 0 8. 7

0. 00

oo

d

654 10. 3 7. 8

p

OO

o

oo

500 8. 6 6. 0

Oo

o

o

o

0 0. 0

p

o

oo

d

p

oo

8352 7. 3 100. 0

f I f I I t

1986 ANNUAL BAR CHART OF WIND DIRECTIONSALL WIND SPEEDS INCLUDED

WIND SECTOR

NORTH

NW

NNW

FREQ CUM. PERCENT CUM.FREQ PERCENT

375 375 4.43 4.43

259 634 3.06 7.49

329 963 3.88 11.37

565 1528 6.67 18.04

731 2259 8.63 26.67

409 2668 4.83 31.50

398 3066 4.70 36.20

374 3440 4.42 40.62

367 3807 4.33 44.95

217 4024 2.56 47.51

334 4358 3.94 51.46

979 5337 11.56 63.02

1229 6566 14.51 77.53

736 7302 8.69 86.22

663 7965

504 8469

1 1 1 1 r

600 800 1000 1200 1400200 400

FREQUENCY

Figure All-1. Beulah Wind Bar Chart

7.83 94.05

5.95 100.00

- 119 -

MNJ

O

TABLE All-2

Dunn Center Meteorological Data Siimmary

FRfQUtNCV .UJSIRIBUTION OF WIND DIRECTION VS. WIND SPEEDBY SITE FOR 1706

l-REOUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT ***«•*•

DIREC TION SPEED (MP H)00-03 04 07 08-12 13-18 19-24 25-•31 32-38 39-46 -N,

46 TOT AVE y.TOT

N 0. 32 1. 08 1. 38 1. 24 0. 34 0.03 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 384 10.8 4. 4

MNE 0. 21 0. 00 1. 25 0. 63 0. 07 0.00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 265 9.4 3. 0

NE 0. 11 1. J8 1. 09 0. 93 0. 21 0.02 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 309 10.3 3. 5

ENE 0. 37 1. 27 1. 43 0. 96 0. 39 0. 10 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 395 10.6 4. 5

E 0. 50 1. 06 1. 67 1. 08 0. 22 0.05 0. 02 0. 01 0.00 403 10.2 4. 6

ESE 0. 38 1. 22 1. 32 0. 90 0. 11 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 345 9.4 3. 9

SE 0. 57 1. 97 2. 41 1. 95 0. 69 0.23 0. 07 0. 00 0.00 689 11.2 7. 9

SSE 0. 85 2. 56 3. 23 1. 73 0. 56 0. 15 0. 06 0. 00 0.00 798 10. 1 9. 1

S 1. 09 1. 98 2. 75 1. 70 0. 51 0.02 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 7o;> 9.7 8. 1

GSW 0. 89 1. 51 1. 33 0. 74 0. 15 0.02 0. 00 0. 01 0.00 407 8.4 4. 7

SW 0. 78 1. 72 1. 32 0. 45 0. 14 0.09 0. 02 0. 01 0.00 395 8.3 4. 5

WSW 0. 88 2. 67 1. 81 0. 54 0. 18 0.07 0. 00 0. 03 0.03 543 8.2 6. 2

W 1. 06 3. 63 3. 39 2. 14 0. 81 0. 15 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 977 9.7 11.2

WNW 0. 46 1. 50 2. 53 1. 97 0. 93 0.38 0. 24 0. 03 0.00 702 13.0 8. 0

NW 0. 17 1. 11 2. 32 2. 45 2. 00 1. 10 0. 25 0. 00 0.00 822 15.9 9. 4

NMW 0. 16 1. 02 2. 11 2. 07 1. 09 0. 42 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 600 13.6 6. 9

CALM 0. 00 0 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0 0.0 0. 0

TOT 8. 80 26. 35 3 1. 32 21. 47 8. 40 2.85 0. 68 0. 10 0.03 8739 10.5 100. 0


WIND SECTOR

NORTH


384 384 4.39 4.39

265 649 3.03 7.43

309 958 3.54 10.96

395 1353 4.52 15.48

403 1756 4.61 20.09

345 2101 3.95 24.04

689 2790 7.88 31.93

798 3588 9.13 41.06

705 4293 8.07 49.12

407 4700 4.66 53.78

395 5095 4.52 58.30

543 5638 6.21 64.52

977 6615 11. 18 75.70

702 7317 8.03 83.73

822 8139

T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

FREQUENCY

Figure All-2. Dunn Center Wind Bar Chart

9.41 93.13

600 8739 6.87 100.00

- 121 -

TABLE All-3

Hannover Meteorological Data Summary

OF WIND DIRECTION V9, WIND SPEEDBY SIFE FOR 1906

**«•*» FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT

SPEED (MPH)DIRECTION00- 03 04-O/ 08-12 13

N)

to

N 0. 20 1. 09 1. 81

NNE 0. 11 1. 06 1. 59

NE 0. 11 0. 00 0. 95

ENE 0. 22 1. 22 1. 13

Ti 0. 1 1 0. 75 1. 26

EBE 0. 08 0. 51 0. OS

SE 0. 13 0. 64 1. 27

SSE 0. 20 0. 07 1. 91

S 0. 1 1 1. 21 2. 57

ssw 0. 08 0. 59 1. 64

sw 0. 14 0. 50 1. 03

wsw 0. 05

CO

d

1. 51

w 0. 06 0. 60 1. 30

WNW 0. 06 0. 67 1. 62

NW 0. 17 1. 17 2. 04

NNW 0. 1 5 0. 78 2. 07

CALM 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

TOT 2. 00 12. 93 24. 59

1 I I [

1. 36

0. 08

1. 01

0. 94

1. OS

1. 23

1. 68

3. 09

3. 73

1. 97

1. 13

2. 61

1. 58

2. 33

2. 49

2. 09

0. 00

19-24 25-31 32-38 39-46 > 46 IQT AVE y.TOT

0. 97 0. 38 0. 10 0. 01 0. 00 466 13. 7 5. 9

0. 53 0. 14 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 340 11. 7 4. 3

0. 33 0. 11 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 261 11. 8 3. 3

0. 64 0. 15 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 339 11.9 4. 3

0. 28 0. 06 0. 00 0. 04 0. 00 282 11. 8 3. 6

0. 42 0. 05 0. 04 0. 00 0. 00 252 13. 4 3. 2

1. 06 0. 53 0. IS 0. 05 0. 00 435 15. 8 5. 5

2. 07 1. 12 0. 29 0. 23 0. 01 770 17. 2 9. 8

2. 28 1. 13 0. 55 0. 10 0. 00 918 16. 5 11. 7

0. 61 0. 28 0. 14 0. 05 0. 03 423 14. 7 5. 4

0. 79 0. 13 0. 03 0. 00 0. 06 299 14. 5 3. 8

1. 46 0. 33 0. 05 0. 01 0. 00 512 15. 3 6. 5

1. 69 0. 93 0. 15 0. 09 0. 00 503 17. 5 6. 4

1. 51 0. 65 0. 42 0. 14 0. 05 586 17. 2 7. 5

1. 73 1. 37 0. 81 0. 20 0. 04 780 17. 9 10. 0

1. 93 1. 12 0. 41 0. 08 0. 08 684 17. 3 8. 7

0, 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 0. 0 0. 0

18. 31 9. 50 3. 19 1. 01 0. 27 7850 14. 9 JOG. 0

c I r f 1 I 1 1 I


WIND SECTOR

NORTH

NNW


466 466 5.93 5.93

340 806 4.33 10.25

261 1067 3.32 13.57

339 1406 4.31 17.89

282 1688 3.59 21.47

252 1940 3.21 24.68

435 2375 5.53 30.21

770 3145 9.80 40.01

918 4063 11.68 51.69

425 4488 5.41 57.09

300 4788 3.82 60.91

512 5300 6.51 67.42

503 5803 6.40 73.82

586 6389

788 7177

684 7861

I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' r ' I ' I

C 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

FREQUENCY

Figure All-3. Hannover Wind Bar Chart

7.45 81.27

10.02 91.30

8.70 100.00

- 123 -

TABLE All-4

Lone Butte Meteorological Data Summary

F-f<fc.CMJEhiCY L3 H 1 IONiJY SITE FOR 190A

U i p.! - TiuN vs. WliMD SPiLSD

FRtOUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT

J)1REC"I JON SPEED (MPH)

N)

00-03 04 07 08--12 1.3 •18 19-24 25-31 32-33 39--46 46 TOT AVE y.TOT

N 1. 36 .t 0.1 0. 90 0. 29 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 00 0.00 606 5. 9 3. 5

NNF 1. 30 0. 94 0. 43 0. 04 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 490 4. 3 2. 9

NE 3. .1.6 1. 97 0. 98 0. 09 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 890 4. 9 5. 2

EiME 2. 85 1. 65 0. 88 0. 15 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 945 4. 6 5. 5

F 2. 56 1. 52 1. 69 0. 42 0. 04 0. 03 0. 02 0.00 0.00 1070 6. 1 6. 3

esf: 1. 81 1. 65 2. 07 0. 42 0. 03 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 0.00 1023 6. 7 6. 0

SE 1. 31 1. 62 2. 01 1. 04 0. 25 0. 13 0. 00 0.00 0.00 1086 8. 7 6. 4

3SE 1. 08 2. 16 3. 29 1. 60 0. 22 0. 02 0. 01 0.00 0.00 1430 9. 1 8. 4

S 0. 99 1. 31 1. 33 0. 46 0. 09 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 714 7. 4 4. 2

SSW 0. 92 0. 84 0. 28 0. 09 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 364 4. 9 2. 1

SW 0. 92 0. 99 0. 37 0. 28 0. 09 0. 02 0. 01 0.00 0.00 460 6. 6 2. 7

wsw 1. 92 1. 82 0. 94 0. 41 0. 16 0. 05 0. 02 0.00 0.00 909 6. 4 5. 3

u 4. 99 4. 67 2. 61 1. 58 0. 32 0. 04 0. 01 0.00 0.00 2429 6. 5 14. 2

NNW 2. 17 2. 39 3. 33 3. 77 1. 27 0. 16 0. 04 0.00 0.00 2243 10. 7 13. 1

NW 1. 57 1. 91 2. 30 2. 31 0. 55 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 0.00 1478 9. 6 8. 6

MNW 1. 26 1. 15 1. 83 1. 12 0. 16 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 943 8. 5 5. 5

GAL M 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

1OT 29. 38 27. 60 25. 23 1.4. 05 3 18 0. 46 0, 09 0.00 0.00 17088 6. 9 100. 0


WIND SECTOR

NORTH


606 606 3.55 3.55

498 1104 2.91 6.46

890 1994 5.21 11.67

945 2939 5.53 17.20

1070 4009 6.26 23.46

1023 5032 5.99 29.45

1086 6118 6.36 35.80

1430 7548 8.37 44.17

714 8262 4.18 48.35

364 8626 2.13 50.48

460 9086 2.69 53.17

909 9995 5.32 58.49

2429 12424 14.21 72.71

2243 14667 13.13 85.83

1478 16145 8.65 94.48

943 17088 5.52 100.00

FREQUENCY

Figure All-4. Lone Butte Wind Bar Chart- 125 -

TABLE All-5

Lostwood Meteorological Data Summary

FRf:Cv»UENCV i.HSTRl .'TJON OF WIND DIREGIIOM VS.BY SITF FOR .196.'

WIND SPEED

NJ(Tl

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT

SPEED (flPKI)00 03 04-07 08-12 13-18 19-24 25-31 32-38 39-46 46 TOI AVE 7.T0T

N 0. 34 1. 29 1. 57 0. 80 0. 27 0. 07 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 373 10. 0 4. 3

NME 0. 19 0. 91 1. 08 0. 66 0. 17 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 259 9. 9 3. 0

NE 0. 31 0. 04 1. 16 1. 07 0. 23 0. 12 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 322 11. 1 3. 7

EME 0. 42 0. 91 1. 02 0. 85 0. 36 0. 15 0. 03 0. 01 0.00 323 11.2 3. 8

fc 0. 16 1. 24 1. 63 1. 06 0. 23 0. 07 0. 03 0. 01 0.00 382 10. 7 4. 4

ESE 0. 22 1. 27 1. 17 0. 33 0. 03 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 260 8. 0 3. 0

BE 0. 17 0. OS 1. 27 0. 63 0. 30 0. 12 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 290 10. 9 3. 4

3SE 0. 33 0. 72 1. 50 1. 13 0. 31 0. 02 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 345 11. 0 4. 0

3 0. 30 1. 18 2. 23 2. 44 0. 77 0. 14 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 600 12. 3 7. 1

BSW 0. 67 1. 74 3. 17 1. 79 0. 66 0. 16 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 707 10. 7 8. 2

SW 2. 26 5. 96 4. 53 1. 60 0. 35 0. 08 0. 05 0. 00 0.00 1277 7. 9 14. 8

WBW 1. 42 2. 14 2. 47 2. 75 0. 98 0. 15 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 053 10. 7 9. 9

W 0. 08 1. 21 2. 50 2. 31 1. 11 0. 26 0. 07 0. 01 0.00 693 12. 7 8. 0

WNW 0. 51 0. 00 1. 96 1. 81 0. 98 0. 23 0. 17 0. 03 0.00 560 13. 4 6. 5

NW 0. 46 1. 10 2. 17 2. 97 2. 04 0. 46 0. 05 0. 00 0.00 798 14. 4 9. 3

NNW 0. 38 1. 42 2. 02 1. 59 0. 91 0. 14 0. 08 0. 00 0.00 563 12. 1 6. 5

CALM 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0 0. 0 0 0

IDT S. 73 23. 59 31, 44 23. 78 9. 71 2. 17 0. 51 0. 07 0.00 8613 IJ . 1 100 0


WIND SECTOR

NORTH

NW

"I ' I f

200 400 600

FREQUENCY


373 373 4.33 4.33

260 633 3.02 7.34

322 955

323 1278

382 1660

260 1920

290 2210

345 2555

608 3163

707 3870

1277 5147

853 6000

693 6693

561 7254

798 8052

567 8619

1 ' 1 1 1

1000 1200 1400

3.74

3.75

4.43

3.02

3.36

4.00

7.05

8.20

14.82

9.90

8.04

6.51

9.26

6.58

11.08

14.83

19.26

22.28

25.64

29.64

36.70

44.90

59.72

69.61

77.65

84.16

93.42

100.00

Figure All-5. Lostwood Wind Bar Chart

- 127 -

TABLE All-6

TRNP-SU Meteorological Data Summary

F!■'!;•QUE^fCV DTS'lH j DUriOW OF WIND DIRiJCTl'OM Vc)3V SITE FOR J'7n6

"iiND iiPFI'D

!-Rt-GUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT

DIRrCTION SPEED (MPH)

NJ00

00 03 04 07 OS- 12 13-18 19-24 25-31 32-38 39-46 > 46 Tor AVE XTOT

N 0. 14 J . 66 1. 38 0. 04 0. 16 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 358 9. 4 4. 2

NNE 0. 15 1. : 1. 01 0. 60 0. 07 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 260 8. 9 3. 0

NE 0. 22 1. J7 1. IS 0. 59 0. 21 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 2eii 9. 3 3. 4

ENL-. 0. 14 0. 35 i. 10 0. 50 0. 12 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 233 9. 6 2. 7

E 0. 13 0. 33 1. 60 0. 98 0. 27 0. 05 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 335 11. 0 3. 9

ESE 0. 12 0. 30 1. 36 1. 28 0. 30 0. 02 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 332 11. 6 3. 9

SH 0. 06 0. 46 1. 56 1. 71 0. 55 0. 19 0. OS 0. 00 0. 00 393 14. 0 4. 6

SSE 0. 13 0. 60 1. 03 2. 28 1. 76 0. 69 0. 08 0. 01 0. 00 630 15. 9 7. 4

S 0. 14 1. 49 3. 16 3. 31 1. 42 0. 50 0. 09 0. 00 0. 00 864 13. 7 10. 1

SSW 0. 13 2. 31 5. 64 3. 77 0. 78 0. 18 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 1137 11. 2 13. 3

sw 0. 15 1. 43 1. 94 1. 60 0. 57 0. 16 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 5o;> 11. 8 5. 9

wsw 0. 11 0. 78 1. 81 1. 35 0. 33 0. 06 0. 06 0. 02 0. 00 386 12. 1 4. 5

w 0. 12 1. 09 1. 65 1. 79 0. 54 0. 11 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 452 12. 3 5. 3

WNW 0. 19 1. 31 2. 28 2. 07 0. 85 0. 36 0. 05 0. 00 0. 00 60S 12. 9 7. 1

NW 0. 21 1. 73 2. 70 3. 25 1. 79 0. 29 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 853 13. <2 10. 0

NNW 0. 30 1. 97 3. 51 3. 36 1. 35 0. 19 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 912 12. 3 10. 7

CAI w 0. 00 0. 00 0 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 0. 0 0. 0

TO r 2 43 20. 24 33. 72 29. 29 1 1. 07 2. 81 0. 40 0. 04 0: 00 8543 1 J. B 100. 0


WIND SECTOR

NORTH


358 358 4. 18 4.18

260 618 3.04 7.22

288 906 3.36 10.58

233 1139 2.72 13.30

335 1474 3.91 17.21

334 1808 3.90 21.11

405 2213 4.73 25.84

632 2845 7.38 33.22

866 3711 10. 11 43.33

1140 4851 13.31 56.64

502 5353 5.86 62.51

386 5739 4.51 67.01

452 6191 5.28 72.29

608 6799 7.10 79.39

853 7652 9.96 89.35

912 8564 10.65 100.00

200 400 600 800

FREQUENCY

1000 1200

Figure 11-6. TRNP-SU Wind Bar Chart

- 129 -

o

TABLE All-7

TRNP-NU Meteorological Data Siimmary

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF WIND DIRECTION VS. WIND SPEEDBY SITE FOR 1986

**«•** FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENT «*»**

DIRECTION SPEED (MPH)00 -03 04 -07 08-12 13-18 19-24 25-31 32-38 39-46

0. 39 0. 05 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

0. 36 0. 00 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00

0. 18 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

0. 36 0. 06 0. 01 0. 01 0. 00

0.64 0. 11 0.02 0.00 0.00

1.92 0.28 0.09 0.00 0.00

1. 22 O. 26 0. 08 O. 00 0. 00

O. 75 0. 15 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

0. 14 0. 01 0. 00 0. 00 O. 00

0. 07 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 O. 00

0. 23 0. 04 0. 00 0. 01 0. 00

0. 66 0. 12 0. 04 0. 00 0. 00

2. 58 O. 56 0. 07 O. 00 0. 00

3. 09 O. 74 0. 08 O. 02 0. 00

1. 10 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00

0. 47 0. 04 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

14. 17 2. 51 0. 41 0. 05 0. 00

N 1. 10 1. 08 1. 10

NNE 1. 37 1. 07 0. 69

NE 1. 83 1. 36 0. 90

ENE 2. 51 1. 76 1. 17

E 2. 24 3. 22 2. 57

ESE 1. 43 4. 21 3. 77

SE 0. 86 2. 30 2. 18

SSE 0. 45 0. 68 1. 11

S 0. 69 0. 56 0. 66

SSW 0. 64 0. 89 0. 28

SW 0. 98 1. 54 0. 61

WSW 1. 63 2. 31 1. 72

W 3. 60 3. 51 3. 04

WNW 2. 49 3. 36 4. 21

NW 1. 50 1. 96 2. 27

NNW 0. 98 1. 06 1. 41

CALM 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00

TOT 24. 30 30. 86 27. 70

> 46 TOT AVE 7.T0T

o

oo

317 7. 1 3. 7

0. 00 299 6. 2 3. 5

p

Oo

365 5. 4 4. 3

p

oo

502 5. 8 5. 9oo

d751 6. 7 8. 8

p

oo

999 8. 6 11. 7

oo

d

588 9. 0 6. 9

p

oo

268 9. 6 3. 1

0. 00 176 6. 5 2. 1

p

oo

161 5. 1 1. 9

p

oo

291 6. 2 3. 4

p

oo

552 7. 1 6. 5

oo

d

1139 8. 2 13. 4

p

oo

1194 9. 4 14. 0

0. 00 591 7. 9 6. 9

p

oo

337 7. 5 4. 0

p

oo

0 0. 0 0. 0p

oo

8530 7. 3 100. 0


WIND SECTOR

NORTH


329 329 3.77 3.77

303 632 3.47 7.23

372 1004 4.26 11.49

510 1514 5.84 17.33

756 2270 8.65 25.98

1007 3277 11.53 37.51

590 3867 6.75 44.26

272 4139 3.11 47.37

178 4317 2.04 49.41

168 4485 1.92 51.33

299 4784 3.42 54.76

569 5353 6.51 61.27

1174 6527 13.44 74.71

1245 7772 14.25 88.96

610 8382 6.98 95.94

355 8737 4.06 100.00

-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

FREQUENCY

Figure All-7. TRNP-NU Wind Bar Chart

- 131 -

This page is blank

QUALITY ASSURANCE STATISTICS

APPENDIX 12

This page is blank

INTRODUCTION

EPA promulgated regulations that specify the "Quality Assurance

Requirements for State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS)"

(1). This was a uniform comprehensive approach to obtaining

quality data and a statistical method for assessing the quality

of those data.

The assessment of data quality is accomplished by statistically

calculating the results of "Precision" and "Accuracy", where

precision may be defined as a measure of repeatability of the

measuring instruments and accuracy as a measure of closeness of

an observed measurement to a true value. These results are re

ported as "Probability Limits" at a 95% confidence level. (See

Appendix 10 for definitions of terms and formulas used in com

puting the quality assurance statistics.

PRECISION

Manual Methods (TSP, SO^, NO3, PM-j^g)

Estimates of precision for TSP are calculated from the TSP re

sults obtained from a collocation of two hi-volurae samplers. In

a similar manner, an estimate of PMj^g precision from two collo

cated samplers at Bismarck is obtained. Estimates of precision

for SO4 and NO3 are obtained from the analysis of filter strips

from each collocated sampler. As a minimum, two sites must be

- 135 -

established with collocated samplers to estimate precision for a

reporting organization. During 1986, collocated TSP samplers

were maintained at Fargo and Bismarck. Samples wore obtained

during the regular 24-hour sampling schedule every six days. The

sampling schedule has been included as Appendix 4 to this report.

After analysis is completed on each set of filters received from

the collocated sites, the percent difference between the concen

trations of pollutants as recorded by the duplicate and the offi

cial samplers is calculated. At the end of each quarter, the

average percent difference, the standard deviation, the lower 95

percent probability limit are calculated for each parameter at

each site.

Precision results that contain a large number of TSP concentra

tions less than 20 pg/m^ must be carefully considered due to the

poor precision encountered at those concentrations.

Table A12-1 notes the manual precision data obtained for the TSP

network during 1986, whereas. Table A12-2 notes the manual preci

sion data for the PM^g network.

The North Dakota State Department of Health's (NDSDH) limits for

manual precision are +_ 20%. The average percent difference for

each quarter is low. However, the large standard deviations

cause the upper and lower probability limits to be large, espe

cially for suspended nitrates. The results indicate that the

- 136 -

TABLE A12-1

MANUAL PRECISION CHECKS


1st Quarter 1986

(jO

Lower 95% Upper 95% # of TSP

Avg. % Std. Probability Probability Samples

Location Pollutant Ob servations Di ff. Dev. Limit Limit <2 0 yg/m^

Hi smarck TSP 14 -4.1 7.6 -14.6 6.4 3

Commercial SO4 14 -3.7 19.9 -31. 2 23.8

NO3 14 10.7 28.8 -2 9.2 50.6

Fargo TSP 15 4.4 10.0 -9. 5 18. 3 4

Commercial SO4 15 -0.2 9.3 -13.0 12.7

NO3 15 -1.3 9. 9 15. 1 12.4

2nd Quarter 198 6

Lower 95% Upper 95% # of TSP

Avg. % Std. Probab ility Probability Samples

Location Pollutant Ob servations Di ff. Dev. Limit Limit <2 0 iig/m

Bi smarck TSP 15 1.2 8.7 -11.0 13.3 2

Commercial SO4 14 -0.5 9.9 -14. 2 13. 2

NO3 15 -5.2 14.5 -25.3 14.9

Fargo TSP 14 1.8 10.2 -12. 3 15. 9 3

Commercial SO4 15 -3.7 6.4 -12.6 5.2

NO3 15 -6.3 11.0 -21.5 9.0

TABLE A12-1 Continued

OJ

00

Location

Bi smarck

Commercial

Fargo

Commerci al

Location

Bi smarck

Commercial

FargoCommercial

Pollutant Observations

TSP

SO4NO3

TSP

SO4NOo

TSP

SO4NOo

TSP

SO4NOo

16

16

16

16

16

16

Pollutant Observations

14

14

14

15

15

15

3rd Quarter 19 86

Lower 95% Upper 95%Avg. % Std. Probability ProbabilityDiff. Dev. Limit Limit

0.9 3.6 -4.1 5.9

1.3 6. 8 -8.2 10.7

3.6 1 5.8 -18.3 25.5

-0.5 6.2 -9.1 8.1

-0.2 5.7 -8.0 7.7

-0.4 8.1 -11.7 10.8

4th Quarter 1986

Lower 95% Upper 95%Avg. % Std. Probability Probab ilityDiff. Dev. Limit Limit

-0.5 4.6 -6.9 5.9

2.0 5.6 -5.7 9.7

-1.4 5.7 -9.4 6.5

-0.7 6.4 -9.6 8.3

2.1 5.7 -5.8 10.0

1.9 7.4 -8.4 12. 1

# of TSP

Samples<2 0 tiq/m

0

# of TSP

Samples<2 0 yq/m

manual methods employed by the North Dakota State Department of

Health are precise.

Continuous Methods (SO2/ NO, NO2, H2S, O3)

Estimates of precision for continuous analyzers are calculated

from the results of bi-weekly precision checks utilizing a gas of

known concentration between 0.08 and 0.10 ppra.

Tables A12-3 through A12-7 provide, by pollutant, a summary of

the precision checks performed on each continuous analyzer during

1986. Included in these tables are the actual number of

precision checks conducted on each analyzer, the average of the

individual percent differences of these checks, the standard

deviation of the percent differences, and upper and lower 95%

probability limits.

The continuous precision limits of the North Dakota State Depart

ment of Health for average percent difference are ̂ 15%. The

results presented in the average percent difference column of

Tables A12-3 through A12-7 indicate that the measurements are

prec ise.

- 139 -

TABLE A12-2

MANUAL PRECISION 1986

INHALABLE PARTICULATES (PMj^g)

Lower 95% Upper 95% # of PMj^qAvg. % Std. Probability Probability Samples

Observations Diff. Dev. Limit Limit < 20 pq/m

1st

Qtr 15 -1. 4 7.6 -11. 9 9. 1 1

2nd

Qtr 15 3. 8 15.9 -18. 2 25.7 3

3rd

Qtr 15 0.3 2.9 -3.8 4. 3 1

4th

Qtr 14 -2.9 1.9 -5.5 -0.3 4

- 140 -

TABLE A12-3

CONTINUOUS PRECISION CHECKS 1906

Sulfur Dioxide

Site Naee

I of

Checks

of Avg. I Std.

Dev.

95 I Lower

ProbabilityLi ait

95 X UpperProbability

*♦* Ist Quarter 1986 *»♦BEULAH 5 1 -2.50 2.18 -6.77 1.77DUNN CENTER 6 1 -2.78 2.41 -7.50 1.94LOSTHOOD 6 1 -4.26 5.32 -14.69 6.17HEDORA 6 1 -4.26 9.12 -22.13 13.62WATFORD 6 1 0.63 2.93 -5.12 6.37HANNOVER 7 1 -1.00 3.42 -7.69 5.69

—

PORTABLE 6 1 -5.63 7.70 -20.71 9.46

»*♦ 2nd Quarter 1986 »HBEULAH 6 1 -4.33 2.42 -9.08 0.41DUNN CENTER 6 1 -2.78 1.69 -6.08 0.53LOSTWOOD 6 1 -1.30 4.06 -9.26 6.66

- HEDORA 6 1 -0.74 3.63 -7.86 6.38WATFORD 7 1 -0.36 4.37 -8.93 8.21HANNOVER 7 1 -3.43 2.99 -9.29 2.44PORTABLE 7 1 -3.57

**» 3rd Quarter

8.34

1986 ***

-19.91 12.77

BEULAH 7 1 -0.57 2.44 -5.35 4.21DUNN CENTER 7 1 -4.13 2.38 -8.78 0.53LOSTWOOD 6 1 -0.19 1.78 -3.67 3.30HEDORA 7 1 3.49 5.93 -8.13 15.11WATFORD 6 1 3.33 5.16 -6.79 13.45HANNOVER 6 1 -0.50 3.08 -6.54 5.54

(jUi)

PORTABLE 6 1 -5.83

»f» 4th Quarter

4.79

1986

-15.22 3.55

BEULAH 6 1 -0.50 3.94 -8.22 7.22DUNN CENTERLOSTWOOD

7

71 -1.741 3.01

1.551.78

-4.78-0.48

1.306.51

_ . HEDORA 6 1 1.48 6.94 -12.12 15.09WATFORD 7 I -1.25 1.77 -4.71 2.21HANNOVER 4 1 -2.00 2.16 -6.23 2.23PORTABLE 5 1 -8.50 2.98 -14.35 -2.65

- 141 -

TABLE A12-4


Nitric Oxide

Site Nate

t of # of Avg. X Std..Checks ft[!§lYZ§CI Mi.

95 I LoHer

ProbabilityLi sit

95 X Upper

ProbabilityLisit

BEULAH

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER

*♦» 1st Quarter0.42

-0.83-3.33

1986 **t1.911.02

4.13

-3.33-2.83

-11.43

4.161.17

4.76

BEULAHDUNN CENTERHANNOVER

*«# 2nd Quarter 1986-0.71 1.750.63 1.90

-0.67 2.25

-4.14-3.09-5.08

2.714.343.75


#♦* 3rd Quarter 1986

-3.57 1.34-0.71 1.22-0.17 2.56

-6.19-3.11-5.19

-0.951.684.86


*♦» 4th Quarter 1986 ***-2.29 4.70-0.54 1.22

1.25 2.63

-11.51-2.93-3.90

6.931.866.40

- 142 -

TABLE A12-5

Site Naae


Nitrogen Dioxide

I of # of Avg. X Std..Chetke ?iffi

95 X Lower

Probability

Li ait


Liiit

BEULAH

DUNN CENTER

HANNOVER

"♦ 1st Quarter 1986-1.77

0.67-2.02

6.491.624.98

-14.48-2.50

-11.78

10.953.847.73


2nd Quarter-0.86-0.474.42

1986 ***4.952.074.92

-10.57-4.53-5.22

8.843.60

14.07


♦»t 3rd Quarter

-3.04-2.20-3.17

1986 tH2.881.374.06

-8.69-4.89

-11.13

2.600.494.79


♦♦* 4th Quarter 1986 ***-0.290.011.22

5.651.433.20

-11.36-2.79-5.04

10.772.817.49

- 143 -

TABLE A12-6


Hydrogen Sulfide

Site Nase

* of I of Avg. r. Std..Checke Oiffi DeVi.

95 I Lower

ProbabilityLi ait

95 X Upper

ProbabilityLieit

LOSTNOOD

NEDORA

PORTABLE

WATFORD

ist Quarter 1986

-1.74 1.80

-6.51 3.82

-0.83 10.09

7.50 6.02

-5.27

-13.99

-20.61

-4.30

1.78

0.98

18.94

19.30

LOSTNOOD

NEDORA

PORTABLE

NATFORD

»♦» 2nd Quarter 1986 **♦-3.15 3.33-0.93 5.322.71 7.703.13 6.60

-9.67-11.36-12.37-9.82

3.379.51

17.8016.07

LOSTNOODNEDORAPORTABLENATFORD

»♦* 3rd Quarter 1986 *♦*

-0.19 2.934.29 3.110.50 2.74

-3.13 4.92

-5.93-1.80-4.87

-12.77

5.5610.375.876.52

LOSTNOODNEDORAPORTABLENATFORD

4th Quarter 1986 ♦*»4.76 2.555.37 1.300.67 10.05

-0.18 3.98

-0.232.82

-19.04-7.98

9.757.92

20.377.62

- 144 -

Site Naae

TABLE A12-7


Ozone

t of » of Avg. I Std._Checks .ftQil^zeri Diff. DeVi_

95 X Loner

Probability

Li nit


Lifflit

DUNN CENTER

HATFORD

♦** 1st Quarter 1986 ♦♦♦-3.003.54

6.221.84

-15.20-0.06

9.207.15

DUNN CENTERNATFORDHANNOVER

*** 2nd Quarter 1986-0.422.68

-4.17

1.714.053.15

-3.76-5.25

-10.33

2.9310.612.00

iamS

DUNN CENTERNATFORDHANNOVER 1

3rd Quarter-0.893.54

-3.33

19864.003.993.76

-8.73-4.27

-10.71

6.9511.354.04

4th Quarter 1986

(Honitoring waived for the winter aonths)

- 145 -

ACCURACY

Manual Methods (TSP, SO4, NO3,

The accuracy of manual methods for TSP, SO4, NO3, and PM^q is

assessed by auditing the flow portion of the hi-voluine or PM^q

sampler measurement system at normal sampler flow with a

calibrated transfer standard (orifice). At least 25% of the

network must be audited each quarter. The manual accuracy limits

of the North Dakota State Department of Health for flow are _+ 7%

difference for the high-volume samplers and ± 10% difference for

the PM3Q samples. The results of our 1986 flow audits, shown in

Tables A12-8 and A12-9, indicate that for 13 official TSP flow

audits and 10 official PM^g flow audits, none exceeded the

established accuracy limits.

Continuous Methods (SO2, NO, NO2, O3, H2S)

Each calendar quarter, a minimum of 25 percent of the analyzers

that monitor for SO2, N02f NO, O3, or H2S must be audited.

Therefore, each analyzer must be audited at least once per

year. Where there are fewer than four analyzers for a pollutant

in the reporting organization, one or more analyzers should be

randomly reaudited so that at least one analyzer for that

pollutant is audited each calendar quarter.

- 146 -

TABLE A12-8

MANUAL ACCURACY 1986


Site

Ind icated

F1 ow i n

CMM

Actual

Fl ow i n

CMM

%

Di f fere

1st Beulah 1.391 1.480 -6.0

Qtr Bowman 1. 322 1.325 -0.2

Dickinson 1.375 1.344 2.3tagd

Dunn Center 1. 373 1. 3 85 -0.9

-

Painted Canyon 1.383 1.429 -3.2

2nd Lost wood 1. 227 1. 261 -2.7

Qtr Minot 1.400 1.394 0.4

TRNP-NU 1. 260 1. 267 -0.5

Jjij^ Willis ton 1.357 1.348 0.7

- 3rd Grand Forks 1. 385 1. 365 1.5

Qtr Lake Can field 1.294 1.367 -5.3

Painted Canyon 1. 315 1. 334 -1.4

Woodworth 1.326 1.358 -2.4

tall 4th Bi smarck 1. 335 1.330 0.4

Qtr Bismarck Duplicate 1.342 1.325 1.3

Fargo 1. 448 1. 409 2.8

Fargo Duplicate 1.373 1.350 1.7

- 147 -

TABLE A12-9

MANUAL ACCURACY 1986

INHALABLE PARTICULATES (PMj^g)

Station Audit

Flow in Flow in

Site CMM CMM Difference

2nd Bismarck #1 1.080 1.101 -1.9

tansi

Qtr Williston #1 1. 140 1.078 5.8

Williston #2 1.082 1.101 -1.7

3rd Bismarck #2 1.104 1. 101 0.3

Qtr Grand Forks #1 1.107 1.081 2.4

Grand Forks #2 1. 137 1. 142 -0.4

Woodworth 1.155 1.130 2. 2

4th Bismarck #3 1. 129 1. 142 -1.1

Qtr Fa rg o #1 1.165 1.160 0.4

Fargo #2 1. 162 1. 171 -0.8

- 148 -

The audit is made by challenging the analyzer with at least one

audit gas of known concentration from each of the following

ranges which fall within the measurement range of the analyzer

being audited;

SO2, O3, NO2, NO, H2S

Level Concentration (PPM)

1 0.03 to 0.08

2 0.15 to 0.20

3 0.25 to 0.304 0.35 to 0.45

The continuous monitoring accuracy limits for the North Dakota

State I>2partment of Health are as follows: excellent < 5 %,

satisfactory 6 % to t 15%, and unsatisfactory > 1 5% for the

percent difference between the actual concentration and the audit

coneentrat ion.

Full scale concentration for the analyzers is 0.5 ppm which is

greater than a level 4 concentration; therefore, the full scale

percent difference is a calculated percent difference derived

from a linear regression calculation, and it is not counted as an

audit point.

- 149 -

Tables A12-10 through A12-14 list the accuracy data obtained from

continuous methods during 1986. The individual sites listings

contain the date of the audit and the percent difference for each

level and full scale. The network statistics contain the average

percent difference at each level for all of the audits performed

during the quarter for that parameter. The continuous measure

ments made by the North Dakota State Department of Health

personnel are accurate.

- 150 -

TABLE A12-10

CONTINUES ACCURACY CHECKS 1986

Sulfur Dioxide

Site Naee

Date of

Audit

Z Error LinearityFull Scale (Pearson Corr.)

Audit

Range (gge)Audit

,(ppe)Station

iBBllPercent

Error

1st Quarter 1986 tfi

BEULAH 03/20/B6 -1.82 0.99996651 .03-.08 0.080 0.082 2.50

.15-.20 0.200 0.200 0.00

liVhl .25-.30 0.300 0.298 -0.67

.35-.45 0.400 0.392 -2.00

HEDORA 02/28/86 1.50 0.99994531 .03-.08 0.080 0.082 2.50^■1

.15-.20 0.200 0.204 2.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.306 2.00

.35-.45 0.400 0.404 1.00

HATFORD 02/27/86 0.11 0.99970244 .03-.08 0.080 0.086 7.50.15-.20 0.200 0.206 3.00.25-.30 0.300 0.305 1.67.35-.45 0.400 0.397 -0.75

PORTABLE 02/27/86 -5.67 0.99975021 .03-.08 0.080 0.079 -1.25tMIt

.15-.20 0.200 0.194 -3.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.287 -4.33

.35-.45 0.400 0.374 -6.50

H» 2nd Quarter 1986 «t«

BEULAH 06/10/86 -5.61 0.99985094 .03-.08 0.080 0.075 -6.25.15-.20 0.200 0.193 -3.50.25-.30 0.300 0.286 -4.67

(gfei.35-.45 0.400 0.375 -6.25

DUNN CENTER 06/09/86 -3.29 0.99986763 .03-.08 0.080 0.079 -1.25Mr- .15-.20 0.200 0.196 -2.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.294 -2.00

.35-.45 0.400 0.384 -4.00

LOSTNOOD 06/11/86 4.92 0.99995131 .03-.08 0.080 0.084 5.00.15-.20 0.200 0.212 6.00.25-.30 0.300 0.315 5.00.35-.45 0.400 0.418 4.50

HEDORA 06/18/86 6.93 0.99989626 .03-.08 0.080 0.088 10.00.15-.20 0.200 0.219 9.50.25-.30 0.300 0.322 7.33.35-.45 0.400 0.426 6.50

HATFORD 06/18/86 4.29 0.99999488 .03-.08 0.080 0.087 8.75.15-.20 0.200 0.212 6.00.25-.30 0.300 0.314 4.67.35-.45 0.400 0.418 4.50

- 151

TABLE A12-10 Continued

CONTINUOUS ACCURACY CHECKS 198&

Sulfur Dioxide

Dqte of 1 Error Linearity Audit Audit Station PercentSite Naee Audit Fu[l Scale (Pearson Corr.) Range (gge) (gge) Error

HANNOVER 06/04/86 1.60 0.99995906 .03-.08 0.080 0.083 3.75

.15-.20 0.200 0.206 3.00

.23-.30 0.300 0.307 2.33

.35-.45 0.400 0.405 1.25

H* 3rd Quarter 1986 *»t

(No audits perforeed this quarter)

Mt 4tb Quarter 1986 *t»

BEULAH 12/22/8/1 1.43 0.99989288 .03-.08 0.080 0.085 6.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.206 3.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.306 2.00

.35-.45 0.400 0.404 1.00

- 152 -

TABLE A12-11

CONTINUOUS ACCURACY CHECKS 19B6

Nitric Oxide

Date of ! Error Linearity Audit Audit Station Percent

Site NaK Audit Full Scale (Pearson Corr.) Range (gge) ...iBBli lEEll Error

tsdl t«f 1st Quarter 1986 *»«

BEULAH 03/20/86 -0.99 0.99999488 .03-.08 0.080 0.079 -1.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.198 -1.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.298 -0.67tiyi

.35-.45 0.450 0.445 -1.11

-

2nd Quarter 1986 *»«

BEULAH 06/10/86 -2.68 0.99998437 .03-.08 0.080 0.079 -1.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.196 -2.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.294 -2.00

.35-.45 0.450 0.437 -2.89

DUNN CENTER 06/05/86 3.46 0.99996017 .03-.08 0.080 0.085 6.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.210 5.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.313 4.33

.35-.45 0.450 0.464 3.11

HANNOVER 06/04/86 0.08 0.99999403 .03-.08 0.080 0.081 1.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.202 1.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.301 0.33

immi

.35-.45 0.450 0.450 0.00

*♦» 3rd Quarter 1986

(No audits perforied this quarter)

BEULAH i2/22/SA•*» 4th Quarter 1984 ♦»*

5.43 0.99998B07 .03-.08 0.080 0.086 7.50.15-.20 0.200 0.214 7.00.2S-.30 0.300 0.318 6.00.35-.45 0.450 0.474 5.33

- 153 -

TABLE A12-12

CONTINUOUS ACCUNACY CHECKS 1S86

Nitrogen Dioxide

Date of I Error Linearity Audit Audit Station Percent

Site Naee Audit Full Scale (Pearson Corr.) Range (gge) (ppe) iBBll Error

**• Ist fiuarter 1986

BEULAH 03/20/S6 -1.00 0.W93588 .03-.08 0.070 0.072 2.86

.15-.20 0.194 0.192 -1.03

.25-.30 0.295 0.292 -1.02

.35-.45 0.362 0.358 -1.10

tf» 2nd Quarter 1986 see

SEULAH 06/10/86 7.77 0.99997208 .03-.08 0.068 0.078 14.71

.15-.20 0.224 0.242 8.04

.25-.30 0.297 0.322 8.42

.35-.45 0.405 0.437 7.90

DUNN CENTER 06/05/86 4.41 0.99997679 .03-.08 0.068 0.076 11.76

.15-.20 0.210 0.222 5.71

.25".30 0.283 0.300 6.01

.35-.45 0.388 0.406 4.64

HANNOVER 06/04/86 0.10 0.99999431 .03-.08 0.074 0.076 2.70

.15-.20 0.210 0.211 0.48

.25-.30 0.279 0.281 0.72

.35-.45 0.386 0.387 0.26

iiPH!)

Ht 3rd ftjarter 1986


tft 4th Quarter 1986 «h

kmi

BEULAH 12/22/86 1.42 0.99998831 .03-.08 0.069 0.076 10.14

.15-.20 0.188 0.194 3.19 im

.25-.30 0.290 0.296 2.07

.35-.45 0.365 0.372 1.92

- 154 -

TABLE A12-13

CONTINUOUS ACCURACY CHECKS 1986

Hydroqm Sulfide

Date of Z Error Linearity Audit Audit Statiim Percent

Site Naee Audit Full Scale (Pearson Corr.) Range (ppe) ...iBBll iBBBl Error

Ht 1st Quarter 1986 fH

HEDORA 02/28/86 3.11 0.99994805 .03-.08 0.080 0.081 1.25

.15-.20 0.200 0.206 3.00

.25-.30 0.300 0.306 2.00

.35-.45 0.400 0.412 3.00

PORTABLE wnm 2.35 0.99992231 .03-.08 0.100 0.093 -7.00Mi

.15-.20 0.300 0.290 -3.33

.25-.30 0.750 0.755 0.67

.35-.45 1.000 1.022 2.20

NATFORD 02/28/86 -0.17 0.99992553 .03-.08 0.080 0.082 2.50

.15-.20 0.200 0.203 1.50

.25-.30 0.300 0.300 0.00

.35-.45 0.400 0.398 -0.50

ted

2nd Buarter 1986 ♦«LOSTNOOO 06/11/86 -8.22 0.99997230 .03-.08 0.080 0.074 -7.50

ite .15-.20 0.200 0.183 -8.50.25-.30 0.300 0.276 -8.00.35-.45 0.400 0.366 -8.50

mat

HEDORA 06/18/86 -0.86 0.99963030 .03-.08 0.080 0.084 5.00.15-.20 0.200 0.206 3.00.25-.30 0.300 0.298 -0.67.35-.45 0.400 0.394 -1.50

*»* 3rd Buarter 1986

(No audits perforied this quarter)

**» 4th Buarter 1986 ♦*»


- 155 -

TABLE A12-14

CONTINUOUS ACCURACY CHECKS 1986

Ozone

Date of I Error Linearity Audit Audit Station PercentSite Naee Audit Full Scale (Pearson Corr.) Range (gga) ■ -Ippe) iBElI Error

tat ist Quarter 1986 ttt

NATFORD 02/27/86 3.39 0.99998125 .03-.08 0.068 0.070 2.94

.15-.20 0.172 0.178 3.49

.25-.30 0.253 0.263 3.95

.35-.45 0.417 0.430 3.12

Ht 2nd Quarter 1986 ttt

DUNN CENTER 06/04/86 -1.45 0.99998732 .03-.08 0.075 0.075 0.00

.15-.20 0.167 0.164 -1.80

.25-.30 0.294 0.289 -1.70

.35-.45 0.395 0.390 -1.27

NATFORD 06/18/86 -3.41 0.99999655 .03-.08 0.075 0.073 -2.67

.15-.20 0.190 0.183 -3.68

.25-.30 0.292 0.282 -3.42

.35-.45 0.389 0.376 -3.34

HANNOVER 06/04/86 -2.79 0.99997547 .03-.08 0.081 0.080 -1.23

.15-.20 0.182 0.179 -1.65

.25-.30 0.275 0.268 -2.55

.35-.45 0.372 0.361 -2.96

t#f 3rd Quarter 1986 *»♦

(No audits perfcreed this quarter)

tf# 4th Quarter 1986 •*»

(No audits perforced this quarter)

- 156 -

REFERENCE

Environmental Protection Agency, May 10, 1979, as amended.

Quality Assurance Requirements for State and Local Air Monitoring

Stations (SLAMS), Title 44, Code of Federal Regulations, Part

58. United States Government Printing Office, Superintendent of

Documents, Washington, DC.

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- 157 -

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CnORTH DAKOTA€¦ · cnorth dakota k air quality kmonitoring data summary 1986:v.;fr ••'' •...

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