DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(MASTER OF ENGINEERING)

2014

SEMINAR

ON

CNG AS A ALTENATE FUEL

FOR I.C ENGINE

Presented ByPD SOLANKI (130450711010)

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ROAD MAP INTRODUCTION

AVAILABILITY OF CNG

PROPERTIES

MODIFICATION REQUIRED IN ENGINES

PERFORMANCE & EMMISION CHARACTERRISTICS

REFERENCES

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• Alternative fuels are substances or other materials, that can be used as fuels instead of

Convection Fuels.

• There aren’t the conventional fuels.

• Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in

many countries.

• The research on alternative fuels for internal combustion engine has become essential due

to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollutants, where Natural

gas is one of the most promising fuel alternatives for the future .

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INTRODUCTION

AVAILABILITY OF CNG

• The world's largest gas field is the offshore Gas-Condensate field, shared

between Iran and Qatar. It is estimated to have 51 trillion cubic meters of

natural gas and 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates.

• The areas which are high in natural gas availability in India are mostly the

Western offshore area.

• However, the other major production areas for natural gas are the on-shore

fields in Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States.

• Natural gas in comparatively lesser amount is also produced in the states of

Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan States.

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PROPERTIES

• CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed

of methane), to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard

atmospheric pressure.

• The composition of CNG can vary from place to place and from

manufacturer to manufacturer but its ideal composition is as shown:

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Conti…

CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT

Methane 90% Maximum

Ethane Content 4% Maximum

Propane Content 1.7% Maximum

C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum

C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum

CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum

Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum

Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum

Oxygen 0.5% Maximum

Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum

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CONTI..

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CASE STUDY OF RESERACH PAPER

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Here I have represented the study of this research paper:

COMPOSITION

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PROPERTIES OF CNG

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COMPARISION OF PROPERTIES OF

CNG WITH GASOLINE

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CNG CHARACTERITIC

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CNG ENGINES DEVELOPMENT• For petrol engines or spark ignition engines there are two options, a bi-fuel

conversion and use a dedicated to CNG engine.

• The bi-fuel conversion of vehicles fitted with fuel-injected engines may

utilize the original engine management system, if it can be modified to

control the gas flow and revised ignition timing or alternatively, be fitted

with a standard CNG control system.

• The fuel injectors must be disabled when the engine is running on gas,

although fuel must still flow to the injectors and then pass directly to the

return fuel line to provide cooling.

• With diesel engines converted or designed to run on natural gas, there are

two main options

1) Dual-fuel engines & 2) Dedicated natural gas engines.

• For compression ignition engines conversions to spark ignition, the pistons

must be modified to reduce the original compression ratio and a high-energy

ignition system must be fitted.

• CNG storage system has to be changed.

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PERFORMANCE & EMMISION

CHARACTERRISTICS

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Figure shows in order to greatly reduce

exhaust emissions, a multi-port injection system

was chosen, and the injectors and pressure

regulator have been newly developed.

At the same time, precise air fuel (A/F) ratio

control and special catalysts for CNG exhaust

gas have been utilized.

ADVANTAGES

1) Cheap

2) Engine friendly

3) Safe

4) Easy transportation

5) Clean

6) Odorless

7) Cost effective

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DISADVANTAGES

The storage cylinder takes a lot of space as the gas

once filled has to travel at least of 400kms.

Loss of power & efficiency.

CNG gas stations are not widely spread in India.

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CONCLUTION

CNG is attractive for this reasons.

It is the only fuel cheaper than gasoline or diesel.

It has inherently lower air pollution emissions.

It has lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Its use extends petroleum supplies, and there are large quantities

of the fuel available in the world.

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Based on the reviewed paper for the performance and emissions of

compressed natural gas , it is concluded that the compressed natural gas

represents a good alternative fuel for SI engine and therefore must be

taken into consideration in the future for transport purpose.

CNG Vehicles in India

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REFERENCES

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1. Text book “ Internal Combustion Engines” By- V.M Domkundwar,3rd edition,2009,

Dhantpat Rai Publication.

2. Rosli Abu Bakar, Mardani Ali Sera and Wong Hong Mun, “A Technical Review of

Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine”.

American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1 (4) (2008) pp. 302-311.

3. Munde Gopal G., Dr. Dalu Rajendra S., “ Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative

Fuel for Spark Ignition Engine: A Review” International Journal of Engineering and

Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2012.

4. www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels.htm