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Student

Class

Date

1. Look at the list of changes to an ocean ecosystem

1. extinction of some species of fish

2. loss of food supply for predator species

3. loss of all species in the ecosystem

4. weakening of the sustainability of the

ecosystem

Which of these are the most likely results of overfishing in ocean ecosystems?

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1, 2, 3, and 4

D. 1, 2, and 4 only

2. Corn is widely being used in the United States to make ethanol for use in automobile fuel. How might the overproduction of corn negatively affect the

environment?

A. decreasing soil fertility

B. decreasing oil transportation

C. increasing the greenhouse effect

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D. increasing carbon dioxide emissions

3. Since the 1900s, the human population has increased in Florida. As a result, much of the fresh water that had previously made its way to the Everglades has

been diverted for human use

Which would be the most likely effect of decreased flows of fresh water on the ecology of the Everglades?

A. an increase in the amount of erosion in the Everglades

B. a decrease in the amount of salt water in the Everglades

C. a decrease in the populations of native plants and animals

D. an increase in the reproductive rates of native plants and animals

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4. Nitrogen is a nutrient needed by plants for growth. Nitrogen is naturally cycled into the soil where it is rapidly absorbed by plants. What would a farmer most

likely do to replenish nitrogen that was depleted from the soil?

A. use water that is enhanced with phosphates

B. add fertilizer to the soil to provide a source of nitrogen

C. use genetically altered crops that fix their own nitrogen

D. add bacteria to the soil in order for the crop to grow stronger roots

5. Vetiver grass is planted by farmers along the borders of corn field

Which process does the vetiver grass most likely help farmers reduce?

A. chemical weathering

B. insect infestation

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C. freezing of crops

D. water erosion

6. While on a trip to Peru, Carlos saw that a mountainside had been terraced by the ancient Inca Indians. The Incas had terraced the side of the mountain to grow

food

Which other purpose did the terracing of the mountain serve?

A. It provided a transportation system.

B. It encouraged wild plant growth.

C. It helped control erosion.

D. It prevented flooding.

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7. Which human activity most likely contributes to the solid waste pollution in streams and landfills?

A. using natural fertilizers on lawns

B. buying products packaged in disposable containers

C. combining leaves and grass clippings with paper products to use in composting

D. recycling glass, paper, and aluminum products

8. Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that

A. sediments are being deposited.

B. water is being polluted.

C. rocks are being weathered.

D. ground water is being depleted.

9. The human population is increasing every day. How does this increase in population affect the natural resources that maintain humans?

A. increases the supply of resources

B. decreases the amount of resources

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C. results in less demand for resources

D. improves the quality of the resources

10.

A. an increase in autotroph populations

B. a decrease in the duck population

C. an increase in the racoon population

D. a decrease in pathogens of carnivorous fish

11. In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, humans could

A. burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil

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B. heat household water with solar radiation

C. increase industrialization

D. use a natural-gas grill to barbecue instead of using charcoal

12. The rapid destruction of tropical rainforests may be harmful because

A. removing trees will prevent scientists from studying ecological succession

B. genetic material that may be useful for future medical discoveries will be lost

C. energy cycling in the environment will drop

D. the removal of trees will limit the construction of factories that will pollute the environment

13. Which characteristic of a cold-water upwelling near the coast of Northern California results in a

large concentration of marine organisms?

A. loss of thermal stability

B. high nutrient concentration

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C. consistent surface-current flow rate

D. increased availability of dissolved oxygen

14. The diagram below gives the names for energy at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic

spectrum.

Energy at which wavelength is most likely to be absorbed by the ozone layer in Earth’s

stratosphere?

A. 0.10 nm

B. 250 nm

C. 0.01 cm

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D. 95 m

15. What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?

A. geothermal heating

B. planetary rotation

C. solar heating

D. lunar tidal forces

16. The Gulf Stream current travels from the equator towards Europe.

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If the Gulf Stream stopped flowing, which environmental change would most likely occur?

A. More reefs would develop in the waters near the eastern Greenland coastline.

B. Water temperatures in the Northern Atlantic Ocean would be much hotter.

C. Land masses in the Northern Atlantic Ocean would have colder climates.

D. Most of Europe would be flooded because of rising sea levels.

17. St. Augustine, Florida, and San Antonio, Texas, are located near the same latitude. However,

average winter temperatures in St. Augustine are higher than in San Antonio.

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Which most influences the milder temperatures of St. Augustine, Florida?

A. increased cloud cover

B. reduced solar radiation

C. distance north of the equator

D. nearness to ocean currents

18. Ocean currents affect global climates. The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt is shown.

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Which is most likely the mechanism that drives the current to continue to circulate?

A. surface winds

B. density currents

C. rotation of Earth

D. gravity of the Moon

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19.

A. 1 and 5

B. 2 and 6

C. 3 and 7

D. 4 and 8

20. The Coriolis Effect provides evidence that Earth

A. rotates

B. has a tilted axis

C. has seasons

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D. revolves

21.

A.

B.

C.

D.

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22. The primary cause of surface ocean currents is

A. atmospheric winds

B. atmospheric precipitation

C. ocean water evaporation

D. ocean floor earthquakes

23. Which human activity directly affects the quality of freshwater resources?

A. depleting the ozone layer

B. burning gasoline in car engines

C. storing nuclear waste in casks

D. allowing runoff from agricultural fields

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24.

A. southeast

B. southwest

C. northeast

D. northwest

25. The water table usually rises when there is

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A. a decrease in the amount of infiltration

B. a decrease in the amount of surface area covered by vegetation

C. an increase in the amount of precipitation

D. an increase in the slope of the land

26.

A.

B.

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C.

D.

27. The greatest amount of rainwater infiltration occurs on the side of a hill if the surface of permeable soil

has

A. small soil particles and a steep slope

B. small soil particles and a gentle slope

C. large soil particles and a steep slope

D. large soil particles and a gentle slope

28.

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A.

B.

C.

D.

29. The accompanying cross section represents a forested area in North Carolina.

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A. A and B

B. B and D

C. C and E

D. D and E

30. A paved blacktop parking lot was built on what was once a soil-covered field. This area will now

experience increased runoff when rain occurs because the paved parking lot has

A. less capillarity

B. less permeability

C. greater infiltration

D. greater porosity

31. If excessive amounts of hot water are discharged into a lake, the immediate result will most likely be

A. an increase in the sewage content of the lake

B. a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the lake

C. an increase in the amount of PCB pollution in the lake

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D. a decrease in the amount of phosphates in the lake

32. Preserving wetlands helps to improve water quality because

A. vegetation and sediment in wetlands act as a natural water filter

B. grasses and shrubs in wetlands absorb carbon dioxide

C. birds and frogs in wetlands consume pollutants

D. native species in wetlands outcompete invasive species