US Army Corps of EngineersBUILDING STRONG®

CMS: A Coastal Modeling System for Inlets and Navigation Projects

Emphasis on practical coastal modeling

Lihwa Lin, Ph.D. and Zeki Demirbilek, Ph.D., U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

COAA2010Taipei

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Introduction of Coastal Modeling System (CMS)

GUI and Interface by Surface-water Modeling System (SMS)

Idealized and Laboratory Examples

Real-world Examples

Summary

Outline __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Coastal Modeling System (CMS) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CMS‐PTMLagrangian

Particle 

Tracking Model

CMS‐PTMLagrangian

Particle 

Tracking Model

CMS‐WaveDiffraction, Reflection, Run‐up, Setup, Overtopping, Wave 

generation, Structures

CMS‐WaveDiffraction, Reflection, Run‐up, Setup, Overtopping, Wave 

generation, Structures

Unstructured grid, several sediment transport formulas, 

fast, channel sedimentation, inlet shoals

Unstructured grid, several sediment transport formulas, 

fast, channel sedimentation, inlet shoals

Current, Water Level, 

Morphology Change

Current, Water Level, 

Morphology Change

Wave Height, Direction, Period, 

Dissipation, Radiation Stresses

Wave Height, Direction, Period, 

Dissipation, Radiation Stresses

CMS‐Flow

HydrodynamicsWaves, Tide, Wind, 

River, Current

HydrodynamicsWaves, Tide, Wind, 

River, Current Sediment 

Transport

Sediment 

Transport

Wave 

Info

Wave 

Info

MorphologyMorphologic Constraints

MorphologyMorphologic Constraints

Other ProcessesWeirs, Culverts

Other ProcessesWeirs, Culverts

3 main models:

CMS-FlowCMS-WaveCMS-PTM

Physics-basedto simulate complete coastal processes

Integrated and user-friendlysystem in SMS

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CMS Models __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• CMS-Flow: a 3D time-dependent hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for simulating circulation, salinity & sediment transport forced by tides, wind, atmospheric pressure, river inflow, waves using implicitnumerical scheme on quad-tree grid

• CMS-Wave: a steady-state, half-plane spectral wavetransformation model based on wave-action balance diffraction equation on a non-uniform Cartesian grid

• CMS-PTM: a particle tracking model to calculate thepaths & mobility of sediment (cohesive and non-cohesive particles in a Lagrangian

approach

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CMS World __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gulf (cont)Port of S. LA, Bonne Carie, LAWhite Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, LAPensacola Pass, FLEglin-Ft. Walton Beach, FLNew Pass, FL (SAJ)Big Sarasota Pass, FL (SAJ)Sarasota Bay (SAJ)Blind Pass, FLJohns Pass, FLTampa Bay, FLVenice Inlet, FLGordon Pass, FLLongboat Pass, FLWiggins Pass, FLGasparilla Island, FLAnna Maria Island, FLCape Sable Canal, FLKey West Federal Navigation Channel (SAJ)

West Coast/PacificMouth of Columbia River, WA/ORSeattle, WA (CMS-Wave)Grays Harbor, WAWillapa Bay Toke Point, WA (NWS)Willapa Bay Center, WANoyo, CAHumboldt, CAOcean Beach, CADana Point, CAPelekane, HICold Bay, AKKetchikan, AK (CMS-Wave)

Atlantic (cont)Rooster Island, MDHavre De Grace, MDOcean City Inlet, MDCape Fear, NCSt. Augustine, Del. Bay, DEPoint Lookout, NYShark River Inlet, NJHereford Inlet, NJPleasant Bay, MALake Montauk, NYAskaroken, NYShinnecock Inlet, NYMoriches Inlet, NYEast Harbor, MA (NAE)Rhode Island (RSM) (NAE)Great Egg Inlet, (NAP)

Great LakesCleveland Harbor, OHNew Buffalo, MILake ErieOntario Beach, Rochester, NY

GulfBahia Grande, TXMouth of Colorado River, TXMatagorda Ship Channel, TXBaffin Bay, TXCorpus Christi Bay, TXHouston-Galveston, TXSabine Pass, TX

InternationalNW AustraliaVeracruz, MexicoGrand Cayman Is., BahamasBardawil Lagoon, EgyptNanaimo, British Columbia, Canada (CMS-Wave)Papua New Guinea (CMS-Wave)Equatorial Guinea, Africa (CMS-Wave)

AtlanticSinger Island, FLPalm Beach Harbor/Lake Worth Inlet, FL (SAJ)Sebastian Inlet, FLSt. Augustine, FLJacksonville Harbor, FL (SAJ)Rudee Inlet, VAPoplar Island, MDSt. Jerome Bay, MD

CMS Licenses CANADA 4CHINA 5COLOMBIA 1GERMANY 1GUATAMALA 1INDIA 1INDONESIA 1ITALY 1JAPAN 1JORDAN 4ROMANIA 2S. KOREA 6SPAIN 5TAIWAN ROC 1U.K. 4USA 30VENEZUELA 1VIETNAM 2TOTAL 71

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Surface-water Modeling System (SMS) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Display

Toolbars

Help/Status

Edit Fields

Project Explorer

Modules

A Complete Modeling InterfaceBuild a CMS simulation from start to finish

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CMS-Flow Key Features __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grid option► Non-uniform Cartesian grid:

Easy to setup► Telescoping (quadtree) grid:

Efficient, flexible

Solver option► Implicit: Tidal flow, long-term

morphology change ~ 10 to 15 min time step

► Explicit: Flooding, breaching, super-critical flow ~ 1 sec time step

Parallel Processing

Non-uniform Cartesian grid

Quadtree grid

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CMS Telescoping (Quad-tree) Grid __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nowcast

and forecast

Wind, waves, tide, and current, Humboldt Bay Entrance, CA

Collaboration with NWS (NOAA)

Telescoping Grid

Total 57 k cells

30 km

26 k

m

Cell size: 12.5 m – 1.6 km

Humboldt Bay, CA

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CMS-Flow: Channel InfillingNon-Equilibrium Sediment Transport

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Galappatti and Vreugdenhil (1985)

Test 010.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.552 4 6 8 10 12 14

Distance, m

Dep

th, m

Initial BathyMeasured 15 hrComputed 15 hrMeasured 7.5 hrComputed 7.5 hr

1:10

Current only

Test 020.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.62 4 6 8 10 12

Distance, m

Dep

th, m

Measured 15 hrInitial bathyComputed 15 hrComputed 7.5 hr

Galappatti and Vreugdenhil (1985)

1:7

Current only

0.22

0.27

0.32

0.37

4 6 8 10 12 14Distance, m

Dep

th, m

Initial Bathymetry

Measured, 10 hr

Calculated, 10 hr

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

13 15 17 19 21 23 25Horizontal Distance, m

Wat

er D

epth

, m S

WL

0 hrMeasured, 23 hr 30 minCalculated, 23 hr 30 min1:10

Van Rijn (1985)

Van Rijn and Havinga (1995)

Waves parallel to flow

Waves perpendicular to flow

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Extreme Wetting/Drying __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Remediation, restoration project

1:1500 slope

Circulation dominated by wind

Laquna Madre, TX

Bahia Grande

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Wind Generated Circulation in Bahia Grande, TX __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30-day simulation

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CMS-Wave Key Features __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection

Bottom friction

White capping

Wave breaking (4 options)

Wind generation

Wave-current & wave-wave interactions

Transmission, run-up &overtopping

Infra-gravity wave

Muddy bottom

Non-uniform Cartesian grid with nesting capability

Optional “Fast Mode”

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Wave-Action Balance Diffraction Equation ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wave-Action Balance Equation with Diffraction (Mase, 2001)

where is the wave-action spectrumand is the wave directional spectrum.

Note: x is normal to the offshore boundary, y is parallel to the offshore boundary

2 2[( ) ] [( ) ] [ ] 1{( cos ) cos }2 2

gx gy gg y y g yy

in dp nl

c u A c v A c Acc A cc A

x yS S S

/A E

( , )E E

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Wave Diffraction and Reflection ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Animation by SMS

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Wave Run-up __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wave run-up: rush of waves up a slopeor structure

Two-percent run-up, R2 : the vertical up-rush level exceeded by 2-percent of the larger water elevation Ahrens & Titus (1981), Mase & Iwagaki (1984)

~ 400 laboratory experiments

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Goda Wave Transmission Experiments (2000) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

KR

KR

KT

KT cm

8.1

13.5

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

KR

KT

0

0.5

1.0

HI HR HThc

dh

HI

d/h = 0.5

hc/HI

KR

KR

KT

KT cm

8.1

13.5

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

KR

KT

0

0.5

1.0

HI HR HThc

dh

HI

d/h = 0.5

hc/HI

Regular waves

Random waves

Transmission coefficients ktHi = 1

m, Tp = 6 sec (monochromatic wave)h = 10

m, d = 5

m, B = 80

m

hc (m) CMS-Wave EquationsVertical wall

Rubble mound

Vertic al wall

Rubble mound

-2.0 1.02 1.02

-1.5 1.03 1.03

-1.0 0.78 0.78

-0.5 0.63 0.63

0.0 0.46 0.34 0.45 0.33

0.5 0.27 0.18 0.30 0.18

1.0 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.03

1.5 0.10 0.024

2.0 0.07 0.018

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Wave Generation __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rita

Hurricane Rita0400 UTC, 24 September 2005

Matagorda

Bay, TX

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Wave Dissipation over Muddy Coast __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(a)(a)

(b)(b)

Lamb (1932)

24mud turbS v k E

Louisiana Coast

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Nonlinear Wave-Wave Interaction __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Based on Jenkins and Phillips (2001)

5

With NWW

Without NWW

420

5 4exp( 0.74 ) agE

Louisiana Coast

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Infra-gravity Waves __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Incident Wave:2 m, 15 secfrom NE

with infra-gravity wave

without infra-gravity wave

Humboldt BayCA

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Coupling CMS-Flow & CMS-Wave __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Matagorda ShipChannel, TX CMS

DomainCMS-Wave

MorphologicalChange

SouthJettyBreaching

CMS-FlowJetty Breaching Simulation

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Calculated 30-day Morphology Change: Tombolo Development

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CMSSteering Interval= 4 hr

Grain Size= 0.18 mm

Hydro time step= 0.25 sec

Transport andmorphologycalc time step= 9 sec

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Application: Testing of New Orleans Levees with Surge and Waves

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1

2

3

4

5

ERDC/CHL TR-08-10by Hughes (2008)

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Calculated Levee Overtopping Storm Surge =1.3 m, Hs =2.3 m, Tp =14 sec

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Coupled CMS-Flow& CMS-Wave

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ADCIRC & CMS Simulations ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

46029

46211

ADCIRCDomain

Total 400 x 240 cellsCells: 40 m x 30 m to 200 m x 200 m

1 245

73

6

Grays Harbor, WA

46211

CMS Domain

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ADCIRC & CMS Calculated Current Fields 13 October – 12 November 1999

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ADCIRC (Wind, Tides) CMS (Wind, Tides, Waves)

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Flow and Wave Overtopping Rate Calculation ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Strait of Juan De Fuca Waverun-upcalculation

191 overtoppingoutput locations

Elwha, WA

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Boundary Condition (30-hr Simulation) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Water Level (30-hr input)

Constant Incident Wave:2.3 m, 16.7 sec, WNW

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Calculated Wave and Water Level @ 30-hr Simulation

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Shoreline

Calc.wavefieldby CMS

CMS-Wave standaloneCalc.waterlevel fieldby CMS

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Calculated Flow Rate (m2/sec) Along 191 Locations

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

W

E

CMS-Wave standalone

W

E

CMS

Calc. wave field

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Hurricane Isabel Simulation 17-21 Sep 2003

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CMS Domain: Lower Chesapeake Bay~ 20 x 24 km

Total Cells: ~ 530,000 (rectilinear grid)

Cell Size: 10 ~ 300 m

Water Surface Elevation Forcing: ADCIRC regional simulation

Wind: PBL Model

Chesapeake Bay

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CMS Simulation ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Calculated Water Surface Elevation(Mean Sea Level + 2 m Sea Level Rise):

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CMS Simulation ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Calculated Wave Height (2 m Sea Level Rise):

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CMS-PTM ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dredged Material Discharge –

clay particles (Noyo

Bay, CA)

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Summary ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CMS is developed for practical applications to simulate the full coastal processes emphasizing wave-structure-land interactions.

It provides a powerful engineering tool on desk-top computers with both accuracy and run-time efficiency through the use of SMS interface.

CMS-PTM shows path and mobility of sediment particles driven by hydrodynamics flow, waves, and interacted with sediment properties.

Future capabilities include spherical coordinate for flow, full-plane for wave, shoreline change, and a advanced data analysis module.

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CMS Documentation ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CIRP CMS

CIRP Wiki

http://cirp.usace.army.mil/ http://cirp.usace.army.mil/wiki/

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THANK YOU … ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Questions?

“Sediment Impoundment Basin”on weir jetty, Rudy Inlet, VA

Wave & Tide driven current

Measured

Calculated