CMP 101 Set 12 Algorithm and Flowcharts

8/4/2019 CMP 101 Set 12 Algorithm and Flowcharts

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CMP 101 Fundamentals of

Computer and programming in C

Computer Program Planning


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Algorithm

The word algorithm is the deformed version of theword alkhowarizm: A method used byAbAbdallhMuammad ibn Ms al-Khwrizmfor

problem solving.

Al Khwrizmi was a thematician, astronomer and geographer, a scholar in the

House of Wisdom in Baghdad. His contributions had a great impact on language.

"Algebra" is derived from al-jabr, one of the two operations he used to solvequadratic equations.

Algorism and algorithm stem from Algoritmi, the Latin form of his name.His name

is the origin of (Spanish) guarismoand of (Portuguese) algarismo, both meaning

digit.

Reference :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_al-

Khw%C4%81rizm%C4%AB#Arithmetic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwarezmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pt:algarismohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_digithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_digithttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pt:algarismohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwarezm


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Algorithm

A ser of step-by-step instructions to

accomplish a task.

An algorithm must have start instruction

Each instruction must be precise.

Each instruction must be unambiguous.

Each instruction must be executed in finite time.

An algorithm must have stop instruction.


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Algorithm Example 1

Suppose you are given a

set of mark sheets

where each mark sheet

bears A, B, C or F lettergrades.

Write an algorithm to

read mark sheet and

print the grade that it

contains.

1. Start

2. Take a mark sheet and

read the grade.

3. Print the grade

4. Stop


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Algorithm Example 2


set of mark sheets


bears A, B, C or Fgrades.

Write an algorithm to read

a mark sheet and print

the if the grade is A

only.

1. Start


read the grade.

3. If grade is A then Printthe grade

4. Stop


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Algorithm Example 3


set of mark sheets


bears A, B, C or Fgrades.

Write an algorithm to read

a mark sheet and print

the grade if it is A or Bonly.

1. Start


read the grade.

3. If grade is A or B thenPrint the grade

4. Stop


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Algorithm representation

A pseudo code

A flowchart

Programs statements in

a programminglanguage.

Pseudocode Example 1Start

Take a mark sheet and read the grade.

Print the grade

Stop

Pseudocode Example 2

Start

Take a mark sheet and read the

grade.

Ifgrade is A then Print the grade

Stop


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FlowchartPseudocode Example 1

START

Grade

Grade

Pseudocode Example 2

START

Grade

Grade = A

Grade

NoYes

STOP

STOP


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Flowchart Symbols

INPUT DECISION

TERMINAL

Flow line

PROCESS

PRINT

DIRECT

ACCESSSTORAGE

SequentialAccess MAGNETIC

DISK


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Flowchart/Pseudocode examples

Start

A:B

A,B

BIG ABIG B A=B

Stop

AB

A=B

if A < B thenPrint BIG B

else

If A>B then

Print BIG A

else

Print A=Bendif

endif

ifA < B

then

else

endif

IfA>B then

else

endif

If block

else block

Print Big B

Print BIG A

Print A=B

Find the biggest of the

two numbers A and B


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Flowchart/Pseudocode examples

A:B

Start

B:C A:C

BIG C

A,B,C

A>BAC

BIG C

A


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Flowchart/Pseudocode Selection

If A < B then

else

end if

A:B

Start

B:C A:C

BIG C

A,B,C

A>BA=C

BIG C

AC

A< B

A:C

A>B

A=CA


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Flowcharts

Given the input data: Student id number, student

name, the marks obtained in

5 subjects, each subject

having maximum marks 100.

Draw a flowchart for

the algorithm to: Calculate the percentage

marks obtained , and Print students roll number

and percentage of marks.

Start

Roll, name,

m1,m2,m3,m4,m5

Total =m1+m2+m3+m4+m5

Percentage = Total/5

Roll, name, percentage

Stop


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Start

Roll, name, m1,m2,m3,m4,m5

Total = m1+m2+m3+m4+m5



Stop

Student no=1

Student

no=+1

Is

student

no < 3Yes

No

Compute percentages for three students and print

their roll numbers, names, and percentage of marks.

Student no

Roll

name

m1

m2

m3

m4

m5

TotalPercentage

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

00

Initialvalue

Variables orMemory

address

1

25

A

70

80

80

90

40

36072

Firstiteration

2

25

A

70

80

80

90

40

36072

2

35

B

80

70

70

70

50

34068

Seconditeration

3

35

B

80

70

70

70

50

34068

Thirditeration

3

27

C

60

45

90

60

30

28557


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Start

Roll, name, m1,m2,m3,m4,m5

Total = m1+m2+m3+m4+m5



Stop

Roll =0Yes

Compute percentages for many students and print

their roll numbers, names, and percentage of marks.

Rollname

m1

m2

m3

m4

m5

Total

Percentage

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Initialvalue

Variables orMemoryaddress

Firstiteration

25A

70

80

80

90

40

360

72

35B

80

70

70

70

50

340

68

Seconditeration

Thirditeration

No

0

0

0

0

0

0

340

68


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Flowchart Selection

A,B

Is A>B?

Stop

I am watching

Start

StartInput A, BifA > B then

Print I am watchingend if

end

Then block

Yes

No


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Flowchart Selection

A,B

Is A>B?

Stop

I am watching

Start


else

Print I am watching

end if

end

then block

No

Yes

else block


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Flowchart Selection

A,B

Is

A>B?

Stop

Start


X=A*BPrintX

else

ifB=0 thenPrint B is zero

elseX=A/B

PrintXend if

end if

end

then block

No Yes

else block

X

X=A*B

X=A/B

Is

B=0?

No

B is zero

Yes


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Flowchart Selection

A,B

Is

A>B?

Stop

Start


X=A*BPrintX

else ifB=0 then

Print B is zeroelseX=A/BPrintX

end if

end

then block

No Yes

else if block

X

X=A*B

X=A/B

Is

B=0?

No

B is zero

Yes


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Flowchart Selection (Case)

A

Is A

= 1

Stop

Start

X

Is A

= 20

Is A= 65

Y

Z

W

start

Input A

case A of

1: Print X

2: Print Y

3: Print Zotherwise: Print W

endcase

end

start

Input A

If A =1 then

PrintX

elseifA =20 then

Print Y

elseifA=65 then

Print Z

else

Print W

endif

end


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Flowchart Iteration

Is

count=5?

Stop

Start Start

forCount = 1 to 5 by1 doPrintCount

end for

end

No

CountCount=+1

Count=1

Start

Count = 1

while Count 5

end

REPEAT LOOP

Range

Range

Range


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Flowchart Iteration

Is I < N ?

Stop

Start

No

i=+1

i=1

Start

InputN

for I = 1 to N by 1do

InputRoll, Name, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5

PrintRoll, Name, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5

end for

end

Yes

Roll, Name,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5

Roll, Name,

m1,m2,m3,m4,m5

N

Start

InputN

i = 1

repeat

InputRoll, Name, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5PrintRoll, Name, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5

i++

until i > N

end


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Flowchart Iteration

Is Roll=0?

Stop

Start

No

Count=+1

Count=0

Start

Count = 0InputRoll, Name, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5

while Roll

CMP 101 Set 12 Algorithm and Flowcharts

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