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Structuralism

Comes from formalism bur merely linguistic. School very influential in 70s & 80.Series of text hich focus on the text an! only the text. "t survives to!ay mainly in narratology

#novels$ short stories%. very form that involves telling a story. Structuralism ' base! on un!er!onmotives$ (attern$ forms on the root of the narrative.

") *er!inan! !e Saussure+s Cours !e ,inguisti-ue enerale #95%Suiss linguistic hose course a((eare! in 95. C, establishe! a fe (rinci(les. istinction

beteen langue & (arole.

a% ,angue vs. 1arole

,angue rules #grammar$ vocabulary$ synatx%. 3ll the structures that alloe! us to buil! sentencesan! communicate.

1arole hat (eo(le actually say. Sub4ect6erbb4ect

b% 3 system of relate! or!seyor! relate!

m(hasis on the relathionshi( beteen the or!s. he ay the or!s relate! to the outsi!e orl!.

etermine! by a system of !ifferences beteen or!s.g ' all ' :eaning establishe! because the or! short exists. ((osition beteen tall/short.

c% he sign ' Signifie! & signifier

Sign 3ssocitaion of a Signifie! & a signifier.

Signifie! ' :eaning of the or!.Signifier he or!.

3ssociation beteen a or! an! its i!ea.

!% Syntagmatic an! (ara!igmatic

Sthg e refere! ithout using that or!s.Syntagmatic 3ssociation of or!s to ma;e a sentence.

1rinci(le of

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:ost famous is the stu!y of e!i(us ' ;ille! his father & marrie! his mother.

hat system !i! strauss fin! in this myth =ille! his father ' :ean that family is not so im(ortant$ bloo! relation are un!ervalue.

:arrie! his mother ' *amily is too much im(ortant$ he overvalue! bloo! relation.

he brothers ;ille! each others ' Dn!ervalue.he (atterm of the ol! myth as built u(on the o((osition btn un!ertaing & overating bloo!

relation. #g ' 3ntigone%Strauss+ stu!y of myth also a((lie! ith the theory of langue vs. 1arole.

,angue became the heart of the story.

1arole ' s(ecific story tol!Strauss as creating a narratology$ the stu!y of stories.

""") Earratology ' rammars of Earrative

a% 1ro((+s functions #928%1ro(( *amous for his :or(hology of the *ol; ale. ,in;e! to Bussian culture.

Cf 1age F ' 1ro((+s functions. G functions or (lot elements constitute the basic elements of the

Bussian *ol; tale. Ae bro;e !on into (ieces$ into (lot elements. 3ll Bussian fol; stories are base!on this (atterns. hey !on+t have all the function. hey alays a((ear in the same or!er. ee(

structure.1ara!igmatic stu!ies !on+t loo; for the structure but are base! on o((ostion & similarities.

b% reimas+ chart of 3ctants #9FF%

reimas use! the basic structure of a sentence in or!er to ma( the !ee( structure of the narrative

(lot.Aero ' Sub4ect$ the character.

he ob4ect of the -uest hat the main character antsCircumstancial ob4ect

Sen!er ' ho sen!s the ob4ect

Beceiver ' ho benefits the -uestAel(er ' he main character

he o((onent ' self ex(lanatory"f they !on+t (lay a role in the (lot$ they can+t be calle! 3ctants.

"t can be an i!ea or it can be not a character.

b4ect he Aolly raalBeceiver he ing

Ael(er Some enchante! creature$ a night sore((onent em(tation$ a giant H

Sub4ect & ob4ect can be i!entical if the goal of the -uest is to fin! oneself.rage!y ' >ase! on the fact that the hero !estrye! himself. Ae is !estroye! by his on mista;es.3ccor!ing to genre$ you can have interesting (ermutations.

c% o!orov+s rammar of the ecameron #9F9%

o!orov ' Character corres(on!s to a noun.3ll aroun! the character is a!4ective ' history$ frien! etc.

3ll the actions corres(on! to verbs."n!icative moo! ' hat really ta;es (lace in the story.

Con!itional$ sub4onctive ' hat !on+t actually ha((en in the story.

Dsing grammatical conce(t & a((ly them to the (lot."rony ' hen an event can be seen in !ifferent ays. his is here enette intervenes

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!% enettes+ *igures """ #972%

Ae ent beyon! o!orov. evelo(e! a mo!el base of the form of a verb ' ense #(resent$ (ast$future%$ the moo! #in!icative$ con!itional..%$ voice #active or (assive%.

ense ' relate! to the !ifferences btn text time/story time. ime it ta;es to rea! the story/ime an

event last in the story:oo!' ho see = 1oint of vie of a character ' b4ective or sub4ective. "n!icative initial (t of

vie & sub4ective Sub4 (t of vie.Aomo!iegetic narrator ' hen a story is tol! by a character in the story #he reat atsby%

Aetero!iegetic narrator ' hen the story is tol! by an agent$ a s(ea;er$ a voice that is not a character

of the story.

Cc '

he linguistic narration 1arts of the (lot.

:o!!$ connection btn voice & narrator !oesn+t or; very ell.Eot account ith the multi(licity of meaning in lietrature. ext & nothing but the text is not really

relevant.