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THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN DISCIPLINEPrepared by:REXQAL TRAVALMARLISA LUASGROUP DYNAMICSbyFRITZ REDL & WILLIAM WATTENBERGMuch student behavior is caused by forces detectible only in larger groups.

Group dynamics account for phenomena such as group spirit, group norms, and expectations, imitative behavior, desire to excel, scapegoating of certain students and providing hiding places for non achievers.

To control misbehaviorIdentify and soften typical causes of misbehavior.

Clarify and discuss student roles and teacher roles.

Involve students in deciding how misbehavior should be handled.Maintain responsible student behavior by using influence technique rather than threat and punishment.SHAPING BEHAVIORB.F. SKINNERVoluntary behavior is shaped by reinforcement which we receive immediately after performing an act.A stimulus (something the individual receives) can strengthen a particular behavior but only if it is received after the behavior occur.Reinforcing stimuli knowledge of results, peer approval, awards, teacher smiles, nods, praise

Constant reinforcement helps new learning become established quickly.Intermittent reinforcement, given occasionally is sufficient to maintain desired behavior once it is established.However, now teacher considering it akin to bribing students to get them to behave acceptably.Teacher realizes it was far easier just to teach students how they should and should not behave.CHOICE THEORYbyWILLIAM GLASSERGlasser believed a great many of our personal problems are due to unsatisfactory or nonexistent connections with people upon whom we depend.

Reality therapy provides a means for troubled people to connect or reconnect with others important in their lives such as teachers.Glassers suggestion for working effectively:Focus on the present.Avoid criticizing and blaming.Remain nonjudgmental and noncoerciveDont get bogged down in excuses.Put together specific workable plans for connecting with people important to you.To gain educatorss immediate attention:The problem with failureThe power of choiceThe value of class meetingsLESSON MANAGEMENTbyJACOB KOUNINGood discipline was not so much dependent on what teachers did when misbehavior occurred but on how a teacher presented lesson and dealt with various groups in the class.The more effective teachers managed their lessons so that students were kept alert, on task and involved.

Group alerting- teachers obtained students full attention before giving directions or making explanations.Teacher maintained student accountability by calling on students from time to time to respond, demonstrate or explain.Withitness -Teacher displayed a constant awareness of what the students were doing in the classroom at all times.Lesson momentum forward movement of the lesson, with no confusion or dead spots.Hold students accountable for attention and participation and stop before reaching students point of satiation.CONGRUENT COMMUNICATION

BYHAIM GINOTTCongruent communication- communication that is harmonious with students feelings about situations and themselves.Sane messages- address situations rather than the students character or past behavior Teacher do not preach, moralize, impose guilt or demand promises but treat the students as social equals.Teachers invite cooperation from the students by describing and find for solution together.Evaluative praise is worse than no praise at all.Eg : a) evaluative praise- good boy for raising up you hands. b) appreaciative praise- Thank you for remembering to raise you hand.Avoid asking Wh- questions.NEEDS AND DEMOCRATIC TEACHINGRUDOLF DREIKURSLearning occurs best in democratic classrooms that emphasize active student involvement, promote a sense of belonging and foster self-discipline.Identify and address the mistaken goal if reflects and discuss with students.Democratic classroom helps students develop self-control based on social interest.Autocratic classroom teacher makes all decision and imposes them on students.

Permissive classroom teacher overlooks students failure to comply with rules and conduct themselves.Democratic classroom:Always speak in positive termsEncourage students to strive for improvement Help students learn from mistakes.Encourage responsibility and independenceShow faith in students.

Encourage students to help each otherShow pride in students work.Be optimistic and enthusiasticUse encouraging remarks