Cm chapter 6

1. Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to:A. Provide results as soon as possible

B. Predict the type of urinary casts present

C. Increase cost-effectiveness of urinalysis

D. Decrease the need for polarized microscopy2. Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include

all of the following except:A. Preparation of the urine sediment

B. Amount of sediment analyzed

C. Method of reporting

D. Identification of formed elements3. All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic results except:A. Braking the centrifuge

B. Failing to mix the specimen

C. Dilute alkaline urine

D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens4. The two factors that determine relative centrifugal

force are:A. Radius of rotor head and rpm

B. Radius of rotor head and time of centrifugation

C. Diameter of rotor head and rpm

D. RPM and time of centrifugation5. When using the glass slide and coverslip method,

which of the following might be missed if the coverslip

is overflowed?A. Casts

B. RBCs

C. WBCs

D. Bacteria6. Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed

using an objective power of:A. 4_

B. 10_

C. 40_

D. 100_7. Which of the following should be used to reduce light

intensity in bright-field microscopy?A. Centering screws

B. Aperture diaphragm

C. Rheostat

D. Condenser aperture diaphragm

8. Which of the following are reported as number per

LPF?A. RBCs

B. WBCs

C. Crystals

D. Casts9. The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:A. Increase visibility of sediment constituents

B. Change the constituents refractive index

C. Decrease precipitation of crystals

D. Delineate constituent structures10. Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:A. Prussian blueB. Toluidine blue

C. Acetic acidD. Both B and C11. Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan

III?A. Cholesterol

B. Neutral fats

C. TriglyceridesD. Both B and C12. Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing light?A. Cholesterol

B. Neutral fats

C. TriglyceridesD. Both A and B13. The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:A. NeutrophilsB. Renal tubular cells

C. Eosinophils

D. Monocytes14. Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:A. HyposthenuricB. Hypersthenuric

C. Highly acidicD. Highly alkaline15. Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets

may be accomplished by all of the following except:A. Observation of budding in yeast cells

B. Increased refractility of oil droplets

C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid

D. Lysis of RBCs by acetic acid16. The finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:A. Glomerular bleedingB. Renal calculi

C. Traumatic injuryD. Coagulation disorders17. Leukocytes that stain pale blue with Sternheimer-

Malbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:A. Indicative of pyelonephritisB. Basophils

C. Mononuclear leukocytes

D. Glitter cells18. Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:A. Yeast cells

B. Squamous epithelial cells

C. Pollen grainsD. Renal tubular cells19. When pyuria is detected in a sediment, the slide

should be carefully checked for the presence of:A. RBCs

B. Bacteria

C. Hyaline castsD. Mucus20. Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:A. Collecting ductB. Vagina

C. Bladder

D. Proximal convoluted tubule21. The largest cells in the urine sediment are:A. Squamous epithlial cells

B. Urothelial epithelial cells

C. Cuboidal epithelial cells

D. Columnar epithelial cells22. A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:A. Cuboidal cellB. Clue cell

C. Caudate cellD. Columnar cell23. Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the

following except:A. Spherical

B. Caudate

C. Convoluted

D. Polyhedral24. Increased transitional cells are indicative of:A. CatheterizationB. Malignancy

C. PyelonephritisD. Both A and B25. A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular

epithelial cells is:A. Elongated structure

B. Centrally located nucleus

C. Spherical appearance

D. Eccentrically located nucleus26. Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells

may contain:A. Bilirubin

B. Hemosiderin granules

C. PorphobilinogenD. Myoglobin27. The predecessor of the oval fat body is the:A. Histiocyte

B. Urothelial cell

C. Monocyte

D. Renal tubular cell28. A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced

a Maltese cross formation under polarized light but

does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:A. Contains cholesterol

B. Is not an oval fat body

C. Contains neutral fats

D. Is contaminated with immersion oil29. The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly

associated with:A. Cystitis

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. PyelonephritisD. Liver disorders30. The primary component of urinary mucus is:A. Bence Jones proteinB. Microalbumin

C. Tamm-horsfall proteinD. Orthostatic protein31. The majority of casts are formed in the:A. Proximal convoluted tubules

B. Ascending loop of Henle

C. Distal convoluted tubules

D. Collecting ducts32. Cylindroiduria refers to the presence of:A. Cylindrical renal tubular cells

B. Mucus resembling casts

C. Hyaline and waxy casts

D. All types of casts33. A person submitting a urine specimen following a

strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of

the following in the sediment except:A. Hyaline casts

B. Granular casts

C. RBC casts

D. WBC casts34. Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following

should be observed except:A. Free-floating RBCs

B. Intact RBCs in the cast

C. Presence of a cast matrix

D. A positive reagent strip blood reaction35. WBC casts are primarily associated with:A. PyelonephritisB. Cystitis

C. GlomerulonephritisD. Viral infections36. The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular epithelial casts is primarily:A. Elongated

B. Cuboidal

C. Round

D. Columnar37. When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:A. Embedded in a clear matrix

B. Embedded in a granular matrix

C. Attached to the surface of a matrix

D. Stained by components of the urine filtrate38. The presence of fatty casts is associated with:A. Nephrotic syndromeB. Crush injuries

C. Diabetes mellitusD. All of the above39. Nonpathogenic granular casts contain:A. Cellular lysosomesB. Degenerated cells

C. Protein aggregatesD. Gram-positive cocci40. All of the following are true about waxy casts Except they:A. Represent extreme urine stasis

B. May have a brittle consistency

C. Require staining to be visualized

D. Contain degenerated granules41. The observation of broad casts represents:A. Destruction of tubular walls

B. Dehydraton and high fever

C. Formation in the collecting ducts

D. Both A and C42. All of the following contribute to the formation of

urinary crystals except:A. Protein concentration

B. ph

C. Solute concentration

D. Temperature43. The most valuable initial aid for the identification of

crystals in a urine specimen is:A. ph

B. Solubility

C. Staining

D. Polarized microscopy44. Crystals associated with severe liver disease include

all of the following except:A. Bilirubin

B. Leucine

C. Cystine

D. Tyrosine45. All of the following crystals routinely polarize except:A. Uric acid

B. Cholesterol

C. Radiographic dye

D. Cystine46. Differentiation between casts and fibers can usually

be made using:A. Solubility characteristics

B. Patient history

C. Polarized light

D. Fluorescent light47. Match the following crystals seen in acidic urine with

their description/identifying characteristics:____Amorphous urates

1. Envelopes

____Uric acid

2. Thin needles

____Calcium oxalate

3. Yellow-brown,

monhydrate

whetstone

____Calcium oxalate

4. Pink sediment

Dehydrate

5. Ovoid48. Match the following crystals seen in alkaline urine

with their description/identifying characteristics:____Triple phosphate

1. Yellow granules

____Amorphous phosphate

2. Thin prisms

____Calcium phosphate

3. Coffin lids

____Ammonium biurate

4. Dumbbell shape

____Calcium carbonate 5. White-precipitate

6. Thorny apple49. Match the following abnormal crystals with their

description/identifying characteristics:____Cystine 1. Bundles following refrigeration

____Tyrosine 2. Highly alkaline pH

____Cholesterol 3. Bright yellow clumps

____Leucine 4. Hexagonal plates

____Ampicillin 5. Flat plates, high specific gravity

____Radiographic 6. Concentric circles, radial

dye

striations

____Bilirubin7. Notched corners8. Fine needles seen in liver

Disease50. Match the following types of microscopy with their

descriptions:____Bright-field 1. Indirect light is reflected off the object

____Phase

2. Objects split light into two

beams

____Polarized 3. Low refractive index objects

may be overlooked

____Dark-field 4. Three-dimensional images

____Fluorescent 5. Forms halo of light around

object

____Interference 6. Detects electrons emitted

contrast from objects

7. Detects specific wavelengths of light emitted from objects