Cluster Himanshu REPORT

7/30/2019 Cluster Himanshu REPORT

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SECTION A

INTRODUCTION

1)INTRODUCTION TO THE EXERCISE

As a part of our course curriculum the students of B. Tech.(Urban and regional

Planning), Third Semester, are required to undertake the planning practice exercise SPP 205:

PLANNING STUDIO-III (SITE PLANNING-I) CLUSTER DESIGN wherein the students

are required to expertise intends to apply the theories of the Site Planning and Design. The

students are required to understand the technique to study the requirement of the agencies or

cities for which the area is likely to come. To study the norms, standards prevailing in the

area, study the byelaws or regulation existing in the area. To identify the specific objective

and the consideration for planning of the area, planning projection and to identify the

requirement of the area. The purpose of the exercise is to present a brief explanatory role of

the designer in planning and development of a cluster to be explored. In this exercise, eachstudent has taken a cluster from his/her neighbourhood the basis of previous exercise. All

students have taken norms & standards preferably those given by PUDA.

2)OBJECTIVE

The objective of the exercise is to make the students understand how to develop a site,

the importance of the norms, standards and building bye laws existing in that area and how

to project the requirements of that area after development which is z to a approach, based on

the collected data regarding the site.

3)SCOPE

The scope of this exercise is to understand the requirements of a cluster and how to

design a cluster which mainly comprises the residential component. The plotted and the

flatted development have to be provided and the design has to be appealing in every sense i.e.

functionally as well as aesthetically. Each component should be easily accessible from every

corner of the road. In this exercise a cluster was selected from the neighborhood and site

analysis of the on-site as well as surroundings was done. Certain objectives were set which

were to be achieved by means of the design of the cluster. On the basis of the norms given by

PUDA, the assumptions and requirements were calculated and then specific planning and

design considerations were made. On the basis of these considerations, four plans were

proposed i.e. layout, circulation, utilities and landscaping.

4)INTRODUCTION TO SITE

The cluster selected for designing is located in the west of mohali city and in north-

east direction with respect to the neighborhood of which it is a part. The site is surrounded by


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clusters on two sides and residential area on its right side and is connected with the bye-pass

road.

Figure 1 cluster site

5)NEED OF CLUSTER DESIGN

The concept of design helps to have optimum utilization of resources mainly land. It

minimizes the incidental open spaces which are a mere wastage of land and usually become

the dumping sites and breeding places for mosquitoes and rodents. A good design serves twofunctions i.e. better aesthetic view and healthy living environment. Buildings are oriented as

per the sun, wind and view orientation. Haphazard development is controlled through

planning and design. The common areas like parks and other recreational areas help to have

cohesive environment among different sections of the society. The plots and flats are

provided according to the various income groups so that they can afford them easily and are

also segregated on the income basis so that the residents dont have to face social problems

like discrimination etc.

6)IMPORTANCE OF CLUSTER DESIGN

Providing better and healthy living conditions.

Every service provided into the cluster should be accessible for each an everyindividual for their convenience.

It is a planning for the betterment of the society which includes all the four incomegroup of people such as HIG .MIG ,LIG, and EWS.

To make a thing more beautiful and more aesthetically.

Optimum utilization of land is done since the development is done in a planned

manner and there will be no vacant spaces left in the area.


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7)METHODOLOGY

CLUSTER DESIGNSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

COMPONENTS,ELEMENTS &

PRINCIPLES

BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

NORMS & STANDARDS

GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

SITE ANALYSIS ON-SITE FEATURES PHYSICAL FEATURES PHYSIOGRAPHIC

SLOPECLIMATETOPOGRAPHY

REQUIREMENTS

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION POPULATION

COMPOSITION OF

DIFFERENT INCOME

GROUPSHOUSING

NO. OF PLOTS AND FLATS AREA FOR DIFFERENT

INCOME GROUP PEOPLE

COMMERCIAL NO. AND AREA OF SHOPS PARKING AREA AND

MANUVERING SPACE

PARKING DESIGN

SPECIFIC PLANNING

AND DESIGN

PUBLIC/

SEMIPUBLIC PRIMARY

SCHOOL AND

CRECHE

PARKS ANDOPEN SPACES:

AREA OFCLUSTER PARK

UTILITIES WATER SUPPLY SEWERAGE

LANDSCAPING CLUSTER PARK

FLAT DESIGNS

HIG FLAT MIG FLAT LIG FLAT EWS FLAT

PROPOSALS

LAYOUT PLAN

CIRCULATIONPLAN

UTILITYNETWORK PLAN

LANDSCAPINGPLAN

Figure 2 Methodology


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METHODOLOGY


For designing a cluster of neighbourhood unit first of all a theoretical framework has

been setup in which different concepts given by different planners like Clearance Perry,Engelhard, Clearance Stein and Le-Corbusier have been studied at neighbourhood level. By

studying their concepts and considerations, a concept has been derived which incorporates all

these concepts. Also the elements, components and principles of cluster have studied for

better understanding of these concepts. From the above concepts and our derived concept

general planning consideration for cluster have been undertaken. Norms and standards given

by various planning authorities like PUDA, municipal corporation Mohali, Mohali master

plan and Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)norms have been studied to plan the unit

strictly according to the laws. Afterwards a site has been selected from the proposed land use

plan under residential zone as given in the master plan of Mohali. After selecting site, its

analysis has been done by identifying onsite and surrounding features. Knowledge about

abutting landuses and site characteristics has been gathered.

SITE ANALYSIS

By working out details about onsite features like location, water table, slope ,existing

landuses ,climatic details like rainfall, temperature and humidity together with surrounding

features like abutting land use, distance from major landmarks have been calculated to know

the problems, potential and constraints of the site .

ASSUMPTIONS

To increase the comfort level and to achieve the objectives of the project specific

planning considerations at cluster level have been set up and by keeping these considerations

in mind a conceptual plan has been given with the help of assumptions and requirements

computed from the norms and standards and assumptions made like, area and population etc.

placement of various sections of society like HIGs, MIGs, LIGs and EWS along with location

of cluster centre and roads have been done.

FLAT DESIGNS

After this flats design where prepared for different income groups like HIG, MIG,

LIG & EWS and the components of house are arrange according to the income groups.

FINAL PROPOSAL

In the light of this conceptual plan further a layout plan have been proposed to seek

the actual placement of different plots & blocks and accordingly circulation, utility network

and landscaping maps are proposed which are discussed in detail later.


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SECTION-B


B.1 DEFINITIONS

Cluster:Definition of cluster is given by different scholars are as following-

Cluster is a fundamental form of human settlement having well defined

boundary which can afford a reasonable degree of privacy, private outdoor

space and ground orientation.

A residential cluster development is the grouping of residential properties on a

development site in order to use the extra land as open space, recreation or

agriculture.

Cluster design:It is simply the process in which a cluster is planned and designed on the

basis of the norms and standards as applicable in the respective area and on the basis of the

perception of the planner, the purpose of developing the site and on the principles and

objectives to be achieved.

Derived Definition: Cluster is the most important and the smallest segment of

neighbourhood planning . It is planned and designed on the basis of some planning and

design considerations and planning principles, cluster has well defined boundaries either

naturally or man-made. The main concept behind cluster planning is to enhance social

interaction among different income groups.

Cluster housing:Cluster housing is primarily an urban housing form that is adaptable to

many different community scales. By drawing upon the best of a rich tradition, it has the

potential to become the enlightened compromise between conventional suburban and urban

housing environments.

B.2) OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the exercise is as follows:

To provide healthy living environment.


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To promote social interaction between two income groups and to plan according to

the socio economic requirements of different income groups of the society.

To provide safety, self sufficiency and convenience to the residents especially the

children, house wives and old age people.

B.3 COMPONENTS OF CLUSTER

i. Housing

Type of development

a) Plotted

b) Flatted

ii. Commercial

Convenient shops

o Formal shops

o Informal shops

iii. Public and semi-public

Primary school

Crche

iv. Circulation

Inter cluster roads

Access roads

v. Parks and open spaces

Cluster parks

Totlots

Incidental open spaces

vi. Utilities :

Water supply

Sewerage system


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i. HOUSING:

Housing is a provision to fulfill the needs and demands of shelter of a particular set of

people, groups and communities. Quality of life depends largely on the kind of housingfacilities which are available. It is an integral part of overall improvement of human

settlements and economic development.

Type of development

a) Plotted

b) Flatted

a) Plotted:

Row housing: It may be single stories or two storied. It is preferred for low incomegroup of families, it yield more net residential density.

Detached housing: Sufficient margins are left on side front and rear. The design of a

detached house can be made considering the individual requirements of the family.

Semi detached housing: A common boundary wall in the form of structural barriers

divides independent plot into two units.

Back to back: In this case only front setback exists in plots and side setbacks in case ofcorner plots. All the plots share the common boundary wall.

b) F latted:

It consists of flats and apartment which can go up to height of 3-9 stories and each floor may

accommodate 2-4 tenements.


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Figure 3 Block Design

Flat: Complete dwelling units with independent entrance for one household within a

group housing complex containing similar such unit.

Apartments: Apartments/flats shall means residential buildings constructed in a detachedor semi-detached manner being designed as ground floor plus more upper floors and

constructed as separated dwelling unit with common staircase.

ii. COMMERCIAL

Convenient shops: It consists of formal and informal shops. Shops like general storesand booths. Shop selling convenience goods and should be located at walkable distance.

iii. PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

Nursery schools: A nursery school is a school for children between the ages of three andfive years, staffed by qualified teachers and other professionals who encourage and

supervise educational play rather than simply providing childcare. It is a pre-school

education institution, part ofearly childhood education.

Primary school: A primary school is an institution in which children receive the first

stage ofcompulsory educationknown asprimary or elementary education. Childrengenerally attend primary school from around the age of four or five until the age of eleven

or twelve.

Crche: Day carecenter, an organization of adults who take care of children in place of

their parents.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school_education


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iv.CIRCULATION:

Road are the necessary components of cluster which provide access to a site and to its inner

clusters/zones as well. There is a hierarchy of the roads followed at cluster level i.e.

Inter cluster roads, Intra cluster roads/ Access road

Parking:Parking is a place open or covered owned by local body, private agency, or anindividual, used for parking of vehicles with or without parking charges. Parking is an

important part of the neighbourhood unit. If the the vehicles of the residents are parked on

street or in an illegal way it will lead to make the unit congested as the space on road for

vehicular movement is occupied by vehicles.

Parking facilities: it is not sufficient to provide the roads for smooth runningof

vehicles, but it is equally important to provide spaces for parking them. Use of road for

parking the vehicles is a common practice in the Indian towns which should not be allowedsince it reduces the effective width of the road thereby causing overcrowding, congestion. It

is the abuse of road, since its main function is transit of vehicles and not storage even for

short time. There are two methods of parking devices such as:

On- street parking

Off-street parking

On- street parking: Under this we have,

Parallel kerb parking: In this method the vehicles are parked along the road side kerbing,parallel to the centre line of the road.

Angle parking: In this case, vehicles are parked at 300, 450 and 600 the kerb. It is easy topark and to take off the cars but it occupies more space.

Right angle parking: In this case, as the name indicates, the vehiclesare parked at right angle to the kerb. It allows maximum number of

vehicles to be parked.

Off-street parking: In this separate space away from the kerb

is provided for parking the vehicles and is known as off-street

Figure 4CROSS SECTION OF 18 M AND 12 M ROAD

Figure 5 DEGREE PARKING


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parking. It does not produce congestion and delay as in kerb parking. The off-street

parking is provided in the

following ways.

Parking areas: it is done by providing aseparate by-pass entrance and exit by the

side of the road.

Parking lots: here parking of vehicles isdone by the owners of big commercial

establishments, cinema theatres for their

customers in their own premises or in the basement floors of the buildings.

Multi-storied parking garages: it is adopted when the parking space is less and also very

costly. It is possible to park a number of vehicles by providing multi-storied garages. Here

the inter-floor travel facility is provided by means of elevators or ramp.

iv)UTILITIES

The basic public services like water supply, sewerage drainage and Waste water from all

sources residential, commercial and industrial all other area waste water.

WATER SUPPLY1:

Water resources are sources ofwater that are useful or potentially useful to humans.

Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental

activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water.

97% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 3% as fresh water of which

slightly over two thirds is frozen in glaciers and polarice caps. The remaining unfrozen

freshwater is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground

or in the air. The origin of all the sources of water is rainfall. When precipitation occurs, part

of it may evaporate and return immediately to the atmosphere, a part of it may infiltrate to the

soil, and part of it may flow across the surface of the ground. Those accounts for find source

and surface of water.

Layout of distribution system: Depending upon their layout and direction of supply, thereare four different systems of distribution:

Dead-end or tree system

Grid iron or loop system

Circular or ring system

1Birdie, G.S. & Birdie, J.S. (1986)

Figure 6 ANGLE & 90 DEGREE PARKING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water


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Radial system

Grid System this is an improvement overdead-end system. All the dead ends are

interconnected. Main line is laid along themain road. Sub- mains are taken in both

directions along other minor roads and

streets. From these branches are taken out

and are inter-connected. This system is also

known as reticulated system and is most

convenient for towns having rectangular layout of roads. Actually, this system is an

improvement over dead-end system. All the dead ends are interconnected with each other

and water circulates freely throughout the system. Main line is laid along the main road.

Sub mains are taken in both the directions along other minor roads and streets. From these

sub-mains branches are taken out and are inter-connected as shown in figure. This system

removes all the disadvantages of dead end system.

Following are the main advantages of this system:

(a) As water is supplied from both the sides to every point, very small area will be

affected during repair.

(b) Since the water reaches every point from more than one route, the friction losses and

the sizes of the pipes are reduces.

(c) All the dead ends are completely eliminated, therefore the water remains in

continuous flow and there is no stagnation and chance of pollution is reduced to

minimum.

(d) In case of fire, more quantity of water can be diverted towards the affected area, by

closing the valves of nearby localities.

Following are the disadvantages of this system:

(e) More number of valves and longer length of pipe are required in this system; therebyincrease in the overall cost.

SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

In every town or city wastes of different types such as house, and street washings,

from various industrial processes, semi liquid wastes of human and animal excreta, dry

refuse of house and street sweepings, broken furniture, crockery, wastes from industries

etc. are produced daily.

If proper arrangements for the sewerage system are not made, they will go on

accumulating and create such a foul condition that the safety of the structures such as

buildings, roads will be danger due to accumulation of spent water and the health of the

Figure 7 GRID IRON /LOOP SYSTEM


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public will be in danger. All the drinkable water will be polluted. Total insanitary

conditions will be developed in the town and in will become possible for the public to live

in the towns or cities. Therefore in the interest of community of the town or city it is most

essential to design sewerage system and dispose of all the waste products of the city in

such a way that it may not cause any havoc to the people residing in the town.

Generally there are three methods of collection viz.:

1. Combined system

2. Separated system

3. Partially separate system

1. Combined system: this system as the name suggests, has only one pipe in which boththe storm water and the sanitary sewage

drains out to. This is especially

beneficial in area which have moderate

amount of rainfall and dont require

separate pipe for its disposal. The size

of the main pipe depends upon the

amount of discharge generated. This

system is particularly used in areas with

high density. Some other advantages of

this system are:

1. As only one pipe is laid, lot of money is saved in terms of cost and workmanship.

2. This system is fully functional even when there is no rain.

3. As this system involves only one pipe hence lot of space is saved which can be used for

other facilities.

4. This system works excellently in areas having high density.

Along with the advantages this system also has some disadvantages which cannot be

unlooked such as:

- As only one pipe is involved, frequent choking occurs.

- Solid sewage may sometimes cause blockages.

- It often decomposes and gives notorious smell for which ventilation may be required.

- As only one pipe is used the size of the pipe has to be significantly large to

accommodate both the sanitary sewage and storm water

Figure 8 COMBINED SYSTEM


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Landscaping: Landscaping means to grow more and more trees to create a healthy livingenvironment and to make unit aesthetically pleasing. It deals with the preservation of

natural as well as manmade organic elements, creating vista, avenues, etc. It refers to any

activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land including living, for example-

flora, fauna and non-living e.g. swings, benches, sculpture etc.

B.4) ELEMENTS

There are certain elements & features which should be contained in the cluster so that it

may reflect itself as a distinct identity. These are as follows:

Well-defined Boundary: A cluster unit shall have well defined physical boundary. It

might be any natural or manmade feature like a stream, canal, road, and railway track, etc.

which separates the site from the rest of the city. It is the boundary which makes people

feels safe when they enter their own cluster.

Size: cluster unit shall have adequate area & population to support the neighbourhood

infrastructure optimally. Size means the total area/ land under the site boundary which is

to be developed as a locality/cluster. It is usually calculated in acres or hectares and on

the basis of the area of a site, it is decided that, does the site has appropriate size for being

developed as a cluster.

Shape: The shape of cluster should be such that the remotest corner of the unit shall be

easily accessible from any remote corner of neighbourhood unit.It is the element that

describes how the cluster actually looks. On the whole it is important to study so as to lay

infrastructure on the basis of our objective of optimum utilization of land while designing

a locality.

Approach to facilities: The facilities provided in the cluster centre should be within 1/2

1 km walking distance from each household.One of the most important things for a site is

how easily one can approach to the cluster. It is only useful if it has any access, that is,

people can reach there and they do know about the cluster. An area is said to have a goodaccessibility if transport facilities are easily and frequently available to that area from

major landmarks.

B.5) PRINCIPLES2Following are the principles of cluster design:

Facilities: the internal planning within a cluster should provide for an orderlyarrangement of all those facilities which are to be shared in common with all residents.

The grouping of the facilities should be done while keeping in view the convenience of

residents. The facilities may include school, temple, club, sport centre, etc. the location of

2Rangawala,S.C. (2003)


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such facilities should form a nucleus for the development of local social life of the cluster

unit as a whole.

Centrality: In this the highly functional areas like commercial, public offices; schools etc

are to be centrally located in the cluster so that it can be easily accessible to the residents.The cluster centre should be placed in the centre of cluster both functionally as well as

physically to provide accessibility to every individual and to bring whole of the activities

in the centre of cluster.

Uniformity: The cluster should follow the principle of uniformity i.e. uniformity in terms

of distribution of various income groups like HIG, MIG, LIG and EWS in each cluster.

Each cluster is to be planned in such way that density in each cluster remains the same.

Introvert: The planning should be done by keeping concept of introvert planning in the

mind. The commercial activities should be avoided on the outer roads and preferred in the

cluster centre to avoid bottlenecks and eliminating through traffic.

Balance & Harmony: The cluster should be in harmony with the nature. The landusesmust be compatible & in conformity with the norms and standards. Building bye-laws

should be followed in every case. No compromise with the quality of lifestyle should be

done.

Compactness: The residential units are planned in a compact form with the necessaryfacilities such as schools, parks, playgrounds and crches etc.

Safety: The layout of the streets in a cluster should ensure safety from traffic accidents toschool going children especially and the population as a whole. The cluster should be

bounded on all sides by main streets wide enough to encourage the passing of vehicles

around rather than through the unit.

Rhythm: Itis achieved when the elements of adesign create a feeling of motion whichleads theviewer's eye through or even beyond the designedarea. Tools like colour

schemes, line and form can berepeated to attain rhythm in cluster design.Rhythm reduces

confusion in the design.

Focalization: It involves the leading of visual observation toward a feature by placement

of this feature at the vanishing point between radial or approaching lines.


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B. 6)TYPES OF CLUSTER3

There are various types of clusters that are used in housing are:-

I NDEPENDENT CLUSTER:It may be defined as a cluster when surrounded from all

sides by vehicular access roads or pedestrians.

Figure 9 Independent Cluster

BACK TO BACK CLUSTER:Clusters when joined back to back will be considered asback to back cluster.

Figure 10 Back To Back Cluster

I NTERLOCKING CLUSTER:Clusters when joined at back and on sides with at least

one side of a cluster common and having some dwelling units opening onto or access from

adjacent cluster.

Figure 11 INTERLOCKING CLUSTER

CUL-DE-SAC CLUSTER:Plots / dwelling units when located along a pedestrianized or

vehicular cul-de-sac road will be considered as cul-de-sac cluster.

Figure 12 Cul-De-Sac Cluster

3National building code 2005


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CLOSED CLUSTER:Cluster with only one common entry into cluster open space.

Figure 13 Closed Cluster

OPEN CLUSTER:Cluster where open spaces linked to form a continuous open space

can be considered as open cluster.

Figure 14 Open Cluster

B.7) NORMS AND STANDARD

Norms and Standards are studied for taken for determine the requirements of various

uses of land, facilities required and services, to cater the population which covers accessibility

criteria of convenience to residents, while planning a residential area. The site undertaken for

this exercise comes in the M.C. limit of the mohali city and it has the title of mega project as

suggested by the area factor, i.e. minimum of 55.05 hectare in the guidelines of Punjab Urban

planning and Development Authority. So the norms and standards to be followed for this

exercise would be as given in the Punjab Urban Development Policies given by Punjab Urban

planning and Development Authority.

Table 1 For Plotted Development

Sr. No. Plot area (sq. Yds) Site coverage Min. Front set back Height permissible F.A.R

1 up to 100 80% 5-0 38-6 1:2.00

2 100 to 150 75% 6-0 38-6 1:1.9

3 150 to 200 70% 7-0 38-6 1:1.75

4 200 to 300 65% 10-0 38-6 1:1.65

5 300 to 500 60% 15_0 38-6 1:1.50


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6 Above 500 50% 20-0 38-6 1:1.25

Table 2 Size Of The Shops

Type Standard Size (Area) Corridor

Large shops 20 ft * 80ft (144 sq mt) 3 mt

Medium shops 16.5 ft*66 ft (100 sq mt) 3 mt

Small shops 10 ft * 30ft (28 sq mt) 3 mt

Booths 8.25 ft * 16.5 ft (11 sq mt) 2.25 mt

Mobile shop 6ft*8ft(4.46 sq mt)

Table 3 Number Of Shops

Level Formal Shops Mobile Shops

Cluster Level 4-5 Shops Per 1000

People

2 Per 1000 People

Table 4 Parking

Type ECS Required/100 sq mt Area of 1 ECS

Commercial 2 23

Table 5 For Institutional

Primary school 0.3 hec

Creche 0.05 hec

Ground coverage 40%

F.A.R. For primary school 0.75

Ht. Of primary school 8m

Minimum 25% of the site area shall be earmarked as play area.


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Table 6 For Circulation

Roads Width of road

(in mt)

Width of carrige way

(in mt)

Inner loop roads 18 8

Internal roads 12 4

Table 7 For Water Requirement

Component Requirement

Residential 135 lpcd

Commercial 45 lpcd

Institutional 45 lpcd

Parks 1.4 l/sq mt/day

Street Washing 1.5 l/ sqmt/ day

Fire fighting 1% of total

Water loss 15% of total

FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

Sewerage =80% of total water supply excluding water for fire fighting , parks and street wash

Table 8 Plot Size

INCOME GROUPS AREA (SQM)

HIG 344-434

MIG218-260

LIG 130-174

EWS 40-60


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Table 9 Water Supply

Pipe Area

(inches)

Main 12

Submain 8

Distribution 4

B5.1)Residential

5% of the area of the project shall be earmarked for EWS housing (for simplification

of calculations, area is being provided on the basis of gross project area instead of net

residential component).

10 % of the flats to be reserved for E.W.S (Constructed size of flat /apartment shall be

20 to 60 sq. mts).

The length of the each row of back to back housing should not exceed 150-170

meters.

Height of building shall be 71- 6 or as per rules (PUDA Building Rules / Local

Government Building Rules) applicable in that area, otherwise as per N.B.C.

F.A.R 1.5 or otherwise as permitted by the Empowered Committee and Ground

coverage 40 %.

Height of building should not be more than the width of front set back + width of

front road from where the entry is drawn/ proposed. Side and rear set back not less

than 30 or 1/3rd of the height of building whichever is more.

B5.2) Circulation

Internal sector roads shall be 18M and 12M wide.

Unless otherwise permitted, one entry from each side of the sector shall be allowed

with a minimum width of 18 meters.

Major inner loop within the sector shall have a minimum width of 18 meters.

Hierarchy of internal roads to be followed within the sector shall be 25 meters, 18

meters and 12 meters.

All roads will have carriage way positioned in the centre of the road reservation.


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The width of carriage way shall be as defined in the road cross-sections However, the

width of the carriage way to be followed in the internal roads shall be 10 meters in

case 25 meters wide shopping street 8 meters in case of 18 meters wide roads and 5

meters wide in case of 12 meters wide street.

Parking proposed in the setbacks shall not include the drive way for calculating the

parking space.

Convenient shops if provided shall not be on road less than 18M width.

B5.3) Parks and open spaces

Minimum 5% of the project area shall be in form of organized park /playground/green

spaces (width of the organized park / playground/green space shall not be less than 50

feet otherwise it shall not be counted in area of organized parks). This are under park /

playground/green spaces shall be in addition to open area green / ground in campus of

schools and other public building.

Minimum side of totlots should be 15 meters.

Totlots in each cluster should be at least 1/3 of the size of Cluster Park.

One Nursery cum Primary School for a population of 5000 with minimum area of 0.3

Hectare.

One crche for a population of 5000 in an area of 0.05 Hectare.


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B.8 COMPONENTS AT AREA AND FLAT LEVEL

A. AREA LEVEL

1) Blocks: Comprise of set of flats in one building having access from common staircases

and having a common parking.

2) Circulation: Passage on which movement take place either pedestrian or vehicular.

3) Parking lots: They are provided on road for the parking of vehicles-car, scooter, cycle.

4) Pedestrian pathways: For access to individual blocks.

5) Common open spaces: Open spaces are provided in front of blocks or insides for children

play and setting purposes.

6) Commercial: Some daily need shops are provided to fulfill the daily requirements at an

accessible distance.

B. FLAT LEVEL

1) Habitable room: Room which is designed for use of study, living, sleeping, eating

excluding water closet, bathrooms, laundries, corridors etc. Minimum area for a habitable

room should be 100sq.ft. and a width not less than 9. It should derive its ventilation directly

through a verandan from a street or courtyard. Minimum height of room from floor level to

ceiling should not be than 9.

2) Kitchen: Space for cooking, directly open to courtyard or outside (external wall.

Minimum area should be 64 sq.ft.

3) Parking space: An area to park vehicles.


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4) Balcony: Cantilevered horizontal projection at the floor or roof level from the wall of a

building without any vertical support.

B.9 COMPONENTS OF FLAT AND THEIR LOCATION

Table 10 Components of flat and their location

Components Location Characteristics

Living room Near entrance door 4Accessibility and privacy of

other components

Bed room Not near the entrance 5Privacy

6Avoid western sun

Kitchen Independent access

should not face toilet

7Hygienic conditions and properly

ventilated

Toilet Near bed room and living

room

8Properly ventilated

Store Near the bed room 9Convenience, safety

Balcony, verandah Should be on the sunny

side of the house

10 For comfort

B.10 ORIENTATION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS4

i) Solar orientation

Living room SE to West

Kitchen North to South east

Bed room North east to south west

Dining area East to south west

4HUDco Concept


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Bathroom/toilet Any direction

Store North east to north without external wall

ii) Wind orientation

Maximum windows should open towards north-west direction.

iii) View orientation

Opening should towards open areas for view orientation.

B.11 FLAT DESIGNS(HUDCO DESIGN)

The flats are designed for three income groups i.e. MIG, LIG and EWS. For each

income group two prototype designs are studied and analyzed on the basis of the following

factors:

i) Cardinal direction

ii) Grouping between components

iii) Light, ventilation and dampness

iv) Circulatory space

v) External housing units

vi) Efficiency

i) MIG Flat Design


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Design I

Plinth area = 56.6 sq.m

Carpet area = 41.72 sq.m

a) Cardinal direction

Positive point: Bed room, according to direction

Negative point: Living room and kitchen are not according to cardinal direction.

b) Grouping of components

Positive point: Living room near the entrance

Negative point: W.C. near the kitchen

c) Light, ventilation and dampness

Proper light and ventilation is these in this block.

d) Circulatory space

Common circulatory space for all the flats in one block.

e) External housing units

One unit is attached to other 3 units.

Figure 15 MIG block


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f) Efficiency

70.7% is the efficiency.

Design II

a) Cardinal Direction

Positive point: Kitchen and living room are

according to cardinal direction.

Negative point: Bed room is not in right direction.

b) Grouping of Components

Negative point: W.C. near the kitchen and bed room is near the main entrance.

c) Light, Ventilation and Dampness

Proper light and ventilation is there.

d) Circulatory Space

Common circulatory space for all the flats in a one block.

e) External Housing Units

One unit is attached to other 3 unit.

f) Efficiency

Efficiency of the flat is 76.4%.

Plinth area = 44.14sq.m


Figure 16 MIG block


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ii) LIG Flat Design

Design I

Plinth area = 31 sq.m


a) Cardinal Direction

Positive point: Kitchen is placed at

appropriate position.

Negative point: Living room is not according to cardinal direction.

b) Grouping of components: Kitchen is directly opposite to NC.

c) Light, ventilation and dampness: Proper light and ventilation is there.

d) Circulatory space: Common circulatory space for all the flats in one block.

e) External housing units: One unit is attached to other 3 units.

f) Efficiency 73.6%

Design II

Plinth area 35.45 sq.mt.

Carpet area 25.36 sq.mt.

Efficiency 76.2%

Figure 17 LIG flats


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a. Cardinal direction Placement of

components are not according to

direction.

b. Grouping of components

There is no direct access from

living room and no space for balcony.

c. Common circulatory space for

all the flats in one block and heaving

proper light and ventilation.

iii) EWS Flat Design

Design I

Plinth area 19.8 sq.mt.


Efficiency 82%

a. Positive point

Balcony is provided and WC is near the bedroom.

b. Negative point

Room and kitchen are not according to cardinal direction.

Figure 19 EWS flat

Figure 18 LIG block


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Design II

Plinth area 37 sq.mt.


Efficiency -------------70.4%

a. Positive point

Living room and kitchen are according to cardinal direction.

b. Negative point

There is no balcony and WC is directly to opposite to kitchen.

Figure 20 EWS flat


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B12) GENERAL OBJECTIVES

1.Optimum utilization of resources

This is a very essential objective that has to be achieved as the resources are limitedespecially land, so the design should make the optimum use of the resources available.

2.Safety of residents, especially childrenMilk booth should be in the cluster itself. So that even children can easily approach

them. Tot- lots should be provided adjacent to the houses, so that the mother can keep an

eye on her children. Safe pathways should be provided for old and handicapped people.

3.Convenience to residents, especially housewivesRoads should be easily accessible for each flat or plot and mode of transportation

should be easily available at any point of time. Convenient shops should be there so that

housewives can easily approach them for their daily needs. The convenient distance is

between 1-2 km.

4.Aesthetically pleasing designVistas should be created by planting huge trees along the entrance of the cluster. The

view of the natural feature for e.g. Ponds, lake, or scene of hills can be exploited to makethe unit aesthetically pleasing. Proper landscaping with hard and soft elements should be

done so that it appeals the eyes of the residents. Swastika pattern in case of plots can be

achieved.

5.Efficient network system (Circulation & Water supply)The network system like circulation and water supply should be efficient. In case of

circulation, all the buildings should be accessible from each and every corner of the

cluster. In case of water supply, drinkable water should be available to every house present

in the cluster.

6. Healthy living environment

Pollution free environment should be enhanced. Trees such as Alstonia should be

planted along main roads to reduce noise pollution. Also jetrufa trees can be planted along

the STP for the absorption of foul smell. Buildings should be oriented as per sun,

wind and view orientation so as to provide them with proper ventilation.


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B.13GENERAL PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

PLOTTED DEVLOPMENT:

1. Row housing should be provided.

2. Orientation of plots should be such that they should face minimum west sun.

3. Set- backs should be provided.

4. Plots should have access to atleast 12m wide road.

FLATTED DEVLOPMENT:

1. External privacy sholud be ensured by minimising the entrance of other units close

by or side-by side.

2. Blocks should be arranged in cul-de-sac pattern.

3. Mass space relationship should be followed in different blocks.

4. Basement parking should be provided or parking should be provided at ground floor.

CONVENIENT SHOPPING

1. Formal shops and informal shops should be provided near the cluster center.

2. Corridors and parking should be provided infront of shops.

CIRCULATION

1. Hierarchy of roads to be followed

2. T-junction to be preffered over cross junction.

3. Access roads to be provided to all the blocks.

FACILITIES AND SERVICES

1. Primary school should be placed on 18m wide road.

2. All the facilities should be placed at the center.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

1. Private and semi- private open spaces to be provided for plots and flats.

2. Cluster park to be placed at proper distance.


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UTILITIES

1. Hierarchy of pipes to be maintained.

2. Man holes to be placed at 30m distance.

3. Loop and dead end systems are respectively followed in sewerage and water supply

system.

Figure 21 Cul-De-Sac Pattern

Figure 22 Mass Space Relationship


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SECTIONC

SITE ANALYSIS

C1- SITE AND ITS LOCATIONA.Basis for Choosing This Cluster

Cluster 3 is choosing from the neighbourhood site. The reason is for choosing this cluster is

that the shape of the other cluster is regular so the adjustment of flats and plots would be

easier so to learn how to design an irregular shaped site, this cluster has been selected for

development. And this cluster has maximum developable area

Figure 23 Location Of Cluster In Neighbourhood Unit

B. Site Location:

The cluster 3 is a part of sector -89 which is a proposed residential area according to

mohali master plan..

The cluster 3 has been accessed from 25m wide road from inside the cluster two

side as according to zonal plan

The cluster is located in the south-west direction of the neighbourhood.

The clusters aborting landuse is also residential as it is located near sector-96 which

is a proposed residential sector..

C.Location advantage:The neighbourhood road runs partially along the cluster boundary so that cluster

could be easily accessed to Proposed road

The cluster is vicinage to neighbourhood commercial area which located near which

is highly accessible for the people of cluster for shopping.


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Neighbourhood park has been provided at 0.12 km away from the cluster so that

people could spend their leisure time.

The cluster contains 2 religious site & 1 bank which serves the whole neighbourhood

which could as help in serving the cluster.

Other components like higher secondary school is provided at 0.1km which is placed

near to the site so that it provide convenience for the students to walk to school ,

dispensary is at 0.3 km from the site so that in case of emergency patient could be

provide treatment as fast as possible.

D.Location disadvantage:1) The site is away from the sewerage treatment plant so there would a problem in

disposing sewage and it would more pipe to take the sewage this will increase the

cost of the project.

2) Side is very irregular in shape which while cause many problem while planning.

3) The location of EGS & ESS is away which problem while supplying electricity to

the site.

E. Onsite Characteristics:-

Slope of the cluster is towards SW-NE direction so the water & sewerage will flow

towards NW direction.

Presence of intra-cluster roads to connect with main neighbourhood inters cluster road

provided better accessibility to the residents.

As this is an agricultural land so the site is fit for residential development and there

will be no hindrance to the construction of housing.

As this site is irregular in shape so the problem in the shape is there.

F.SurroundingsThe cluster shares boundary with Cluster 1.

It also has neighborhood park and secondary school as its abutting boundary.


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Table 11 Surrounding of the cluster and its components direction

SURROUNDINGS DIRECTION

Senior Secondary School East

Neighbourhood Park East

Cluster 1 North-East

Community Centre South-West

Proposed Road West

G.Demographic features:Some demographic features are related to the all clusters are as following:

Distribution of Clusters

Table 12 Cluster population

Cluster population

Table 13 Demographic aspect

Area (Hec) 14.9

Avg. family size 5

Population 6900

Income Group All income groups

Cluster Area( in hec) Population

Cluster 1 4.9 2656

Cluster 2 7.8 4713

Cluster 3 14.9 6900

Cluster 4 7.4 4010


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C2 Physiographic and Climatic Details

Moreover on site features are studied to know the potential and problem of the site.

On site feature include characteristics of topography, temperature, rainfall, wind, direction,

vegetation and direction existing man made features which will be discussed with their

impact on land use m circulation, utility and landscape plan.

The study of surrounding features help in knowing the compatibility of different land uses

with the site.

1) Soil Characteristics

Soil is one of the important factors which affects the development pattern and

controls the height of buildings within the area as per the bearing capacity of the soil,moreover plantation/ landscaping in the area is determined by the soil type.The type of soil

on the site is alluvial soil. Almost in the whole city soil type is same. The soil bearing

capacity of soil is 1018 kg/cm so multi storied construction on the site is not possible,

construction only up to 4-5 storeys will be permitted in the area. Trees should be planted

along the roads, which also add to the aesthetics. Moreover, more open spaces will help to

make ground water stable.

Figure 24 Soil Characteristics

2)Rainfall

It is maximum in month of june,july and august as at this time there is a monsoon

season and minimum in the months of oct,nov,dec,and march.


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So rain water harvesting should be done in all the buildings high raining months so as

to compensate the low raining months.

Graph no. 1

3) Water table

More trees can be planted to increase in water percolation.

Also it will determine the depth of foundations of the buildings and the type of trees,

plants, shrubs and the vegetation to be planted for the composition of natural

environment in the cluster.

Sewerage water after treatment at STP can be poured in parks instead of fresh water

for the proper utilization of ground water.

Graph no. 2

4) Temperature

Buildings should be planned while considering the temperature of that area so as to

avoid the western sun. Road alignment in North West direction and fewer roads should face

east direction to avoid glare of sun. Shady trees planted along the buildings will help to

reduce temperature and make a comfortable environment. Also this data helps us to think that

what type of landscaping, trees, and plantation should be done so that effect of heat to the

building can be reduced.


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Graph no. 3

5) Wind direction

The prevalent wind direction is from North West to south east. Natural advantage of

air should be taken which will be helpful in self-cleaning of roads, promote pedestrianization

and also helps to keep environment clean and cool. Trees should be planted so that they

should not become barrier for incoming breezes.From the diagram it is clear that wind flows

in NW-SE and as per this direction placement of different components in the site will be done

as per the polluting and non polluting units. Roads can also be placed as per the wind

direction, so that self-cleaning of the roads takes place, similarly landscaping of the area will

be done keeping in mind the wind direction. I.e. to avoid unnecessary wind by planting trees

this will act as wind breakers.

Figure 25 Wind Direction

6) Sun orientation

The buildings in the area should be placed as per the sun orientation as this plays

prime role in the environment of the area. So to place different components as per sun

orientation e.g. Road facing east, west should be avoided as glare increases in the evening.


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Location of the building should be determined by the sun orientation. Maximum number of

buildings should be placed in 3060 degree north and 15-20 degree east, as this is the best

direction to place different activities in the site.

7) Humidity

So for lowering down the humidity content the planning should be done in accordance

to orientation of wind for cross ventilation.

During the months of july, august there is heavy precipitation in the area so that will

keep the moisture in air so trees with narrow leaves can be planted to absorb the

excess of moisture.

N

E

E

N

Graph no. 4 (average monthly humidity)

Figure 26 Orientation Of Plots


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SECTIOND

ASSUMPTIONS & REQUIREMENTS

D.1 ASSUMPTIONS

For residential area:

Total area of Cluster-3= 14.9 hectares (given)

Population density:300 PPH(Mohali master plan)

Average family size=5 (Mohali master plan)

D.2REQUIREMENTS

Table 14 Population Composition

Category Population

(Given) (D1)

D.U.R.

(Mohali Master Plan)

%

HIG 1910 1:1.3 30

M.I.G 2375 1:1.4 40

L.I.G 1650 1:1.3 30

E.W.S 965 1:00

Total 6900 - 100

Table 15 Assumptions for the flats

Category BlockHeight

Flats Per

Floor

Total FlatsIn One

Block

Flat

Size(Sq.

Mts)

Plot

Size(Sq.

Mts)

Dimension(Mts)

H.I.G 9 2 18 185 334 23.13X14.44

M.I.G 8 3 24 130 167 14.6X9.5

L.I.G 5 3 15 111 125 14.16X11.46

E.W.S 5 2 10 60 80 11.32X7.07


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Table 16 Demographic details

` Avg.

FamilySize

(D2)

No. OfHouseholds

(D1/D2= D3)

No.Of Plots

(Assumed)

No.Of Flats

(Assumed)

No.Of

Blocks

Area Under

Plots (Sq.mt)

Area Under Blocks(Sq.mt)

Area

(Hectares)

H.I.G 5382 58 1.3 45 334*45=15030 185*18=3330 1.83

MIG 5475 115 1.4 82 167*82=13694 130*15=1950 1.56

LIG 5330 106 1.3 81 125*81=10125 111*15=1665 1.17

EWS 5193 28 1 28 80*28=2240 60*11=660 0.29

Table 17 Covered area of blocks

Category Ground Area Under Flat

(Sq. Mt)

Circulation Space

(Sq. Mt)

20% Of Flat Area

Covered Area Of Block

(Sq.mt)

H.I.G 185*4=740 0.2*740=148 740+148=888

MI.I.G 130*4=520 0.2*520=104 520+104=624

L.I.G 111*4=444 0.2*444=88 444+88=532

E.W.S 60*4=240 0.2*240=48 240+48=288

Table 18 Land use composition

Aspect Area (Hectare) % Composition

Housing 4.85 41

Commercial 1.35 0.42

Public-Semi Public 0.24 1.23

Incidental and circulation 6.28 25.84

Organized parks 1.37 31.51

Total 14.09 100


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Table 19 Commercial area

S.NO Component No.OfShops Standards Area(sq.m)

1 Formal Sector

Area required

for 5000

people 16 1500 2070

2 Informal Sector

for 1000people ,mobileshops required 6 1 4.45

3 Area of shop 4.46 26.7

4

Area under

both sectors 2096.7

5 Parking

ECS per 100

sq mt of covered

area 2 15ECS

6

Area of

parking 23 345

Table 20 Parks and open spaces

Type Std Area std(in hec)

Cluster park 1/5000 people 0.4

Table 21 Public And Semi Public

Categories Area(In hec)

Nursery Cum Primary School 1.06

Creche 0.038

Total 1.35


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Table 22 For Water Supply

PURPOSE STANDARD ASSUMPTION REQUIREMENT (LITRES)

RESIDENTIAL 75-135 LPCD 135 LPCD 931500

CONVENIENT

SHOPS

10 LPCd 2 PERSONS IN 1 SHOP

1980

CR CHE/

SCHOOL

45 LPCD 500 CHILDREN IN ONE SCHOOL

11250

PARKS 1.4L/SQ.MT/DAY 38700 SQ. MT OF GREEN AREA50640

TOTAL995370

Water for fire fighting

= 1 % of total =9953.7

Water losses = 15 % of total =149305.5

Total water requirement =1154629.2.

Water for firefighting = 1 % of total requirement=6684.5 liters

Water losses = 15 % of total requirement =100267.5 liters

Therefore, total water requirement=106952 liters

SEWERAGE: 80% of water supply (excluding water loss, in parks, street washing and firefighting. )

=80% of 944730 =755784


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SECTIONE

SPECIFIC PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION

E.1. Housing

Back to back and row housing to be given for optimum

utilization of land.

Plots to be arranged in the swastika pattern as it ensures

safety and security.

Corner plots to be larger in size than the other plots so as to

minimize incidental open spaces and form vision triangle.

Mass space relationship to be followed. The

calculated distance between the blocks

as per the angle of 45 degree is 6m approx.

Detached and semi-detached housing also to be

provided incase of hig as they can easily afford these

plots.

Blocks to be arranged in cul-de-sac pattern with tot lot in the centre and each block

having proper access.

Maximuim plots would be facing the totlots

All residential plots will be placed along the 12m

road.

Hig blocks will be oriented at N-E direction for purpose of light according to

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC).

Hig block are to be placed 10m away from roads because so that the pollution does

not effect them

according to Indian Green Building Council(IGBC)

N

E

E

N

Figure 27 Swastika Pattern

Figure 28 Cul-De-Sac Pattern

Figure 29 Block orientation


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Mig blocks to be oriented in N-W and N-E direction.

Ews blocks to be oriented in N-W direction.

E.2. Commercial

Parking space to be provided in front of shops.

45 degree parking to be provided in front of shops.

16 formal and 5 informal shop are to be provided to fulfill the daily needs of the

residents.

The shops are provided at 18m wide roads so that things are made easily accessible toall and congestion could be avoided.

E.3. Circulation

Different hierarchy of roads to be followed like 30m

wide main road, 25m wide neighborhood road, 18m

wide road emerging from the neighborhood, 15m wide

inter cluster road and 12m wide access roads.

2m footpath is to be provided for insuring the safety of

pedestrian.

Cross junctions to be minimized due to the maximum

number of conflicting points in them .

T-junctions and staggered junctions have

been preferred for the free flow of the

traffic.

Minimum junction-junction distance is 25m,

All the blocks and plots to be provided access

from sufficiently wide 12m road.

No through traffic is allowed through this area

Figure 30 T- Junction

Figure 31 Junction To Juction Distance


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E.7. Utilities

Man holes to be provided at 30m distance.

Loop pattern to be followed in case of water supply.

The hierarchy of pipes to be followed in water supply 12inch,8inch and 4 inch.

Dead end pattern are there in sewerage network.i.e.24 inch,18inch,8inch

E.8.ADOPTED FLAT DESIGNS

For different income groups, the flats are proposed as per their requirements.

A. HIG Flat Design

Figure 33 HIG FLAT ADOPTED

CONSIDERATIONS

1.Both of the bedroom are provide at backside for keeping the privacy of the two rooms.

2)Both of the rooms are provide with attach balcony with windows for light and ventilation

purpose.

Figure 32 Distance Between The Two Sewer


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3)Master bedroom has been provided with separate dressing area for dressing in front of

toilet.

4)Dining room has been located in the center and next to kitchen so that food could be served

fast.

5)Living area has been provided at the enterance so that guest could affect the privacy of the

other components of the flats.

6)The servant room has been provided with separate enterance so that it does not affect the

privacy of the whole flat.

7)The balcony has been attached with the servant room so that the servant is easily accessible

to kitchen without disturbing the living room of the flat.

B. MIG flat design

Figure 34 MIG FLAT ADOPTED


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CONSIDERATIONS

1)Both of the bedroom are provide at backside for keeping the privacy of the two rooms.

2)Both of the bedroom have been provided with attach toilet.

3)Whole flat has one long balcony so that it could be served for different purposes like drying

up of clothes and for sitting purposes.

4)One toilet has been provided with two enterance so that it could serve from both side.

5)Dining room has been located in the center and next to kitchen so that food could be served

fast and there is no delay.

6)Living area has been provided at the enterance so that guest could affect the privacy of the

other components of the flats.

7)The flat has been provide with the study room for children and also so that it could serve as

guest room in case the guest comes.

8)The kitchen is provided at the enterance so that it is convient to serve both areas living area

and dining room but always kept near to dining area.

9) The whole flats has been provide with windows so to make the flat energy efficient.

C. LIG flat design

Figure 35 LIG FLAT ADOPTED


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CONSIDERATION

1)The flat is designed in a way so that it does not affect the privacy of the bedroom.

2)The toilet has been kept at the west side of the flat and provide with the two enterance so

that the toilet could be used from both sides.

3)The flat has been provided with the storeroom so that people could use this for storeage

purpose and it located at the side of the flat so that room is left undistrubed.

4)Dining room and living room are attached so that the usability of both of the rooms could

be improved.

5)Kitchen has been provided in u- shape so to increase the usability of the area.6)Kitchen has not been provide with enterance wall for reducing the tightness and kitchen

should becomes more spaces

7) One balcony has been provided near kitchen because the sun moves from east to west and

goes from via south so that area has maximum time of sun so that why there balcony has been

provided.

8) The whole flats has been provide with windows so to make the flat energy efficient.

. D EWS flat design

Figure 36 Ews Flat Adopted


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CONSIDERATION1)The flat is designed in a way so that it does not affect the privacy of the bedroom.

2)The two bedroom have been provided from creating health living environment and good

environment.

3)Living area and dining area are provide together so that more area the could be saved.

4)Kitchen has been provided in u- shape so to increase the usability of the area.

5)Kitchen has not been provide with enterance wall for reducing the tightness and kitchen

should becomes more spaces.

6)Only one bathroom has been provide and in the center so that it is accessible for all rooms

7)No balcony has been provided because the balcony is not the main component of the flat to

save the costof the project no balcony has been provided here.

8) The whole flats has been provide with windows so to make the flat energy efficient and

proper ventilated


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SECTION-F

FINAL PROPOSAL

F.1 PROPOSED LANDUSE

F.1.1 RESIDENTIAL

About 34.24% of the total area is under residential use (refer map no. ). The

residential area consists of two types of dwelling unitsplots and flats.

The flats for HIG,MIG,LIG and EWS have been given along the main neighbourhood

road towards the east (Refer Map No. ). The flats have been provided in the form of blocks

where each block consists of 18 flats. The area of one block is 368 sqm. The blocks are

arranged around culs-de-sac to ensure privacy and prevent through traffic.

The mass space relationship between the blocks has been maintained as the distance

between them is kept equal to the height of the blocks. This ensures the provision of light and

ventilation to the residents thus maintaining healthy living conditions.

Area of the cluster is 17.59 hectare and developable area is 14.09 hectare.

HIG flats are provided near the neighbourhood park so

that neighbourhood park is easily accessible to them..

LIG flats are kept together with ews flats to the social

balance between them HIG plots are provided near to

cluster park

Area of plot

Income group Plot Size(sq m)

HIG 334

MIG 167

LIG 125

EWS 80

Golden mean ratio 1:1.6 has been followed in each case plot.

. The plots have access from one side only. The plots along the Figure 37 Landuse Distribution


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neighbourhood collector roads have not been given access from those roads to ensure safety

of the residents from fast moving vehicles.

F.1.2 COMMERCIALThe commercial area consists of twenty convenience shops located in the cluster

centre. These shops are of daily need items like fruits and vegetables etc.

These shops cater to the basic, everyday needs of the residents therefore they have been

located centrally so that they are easily accessible from all parts of the cluster. A pavement

has also been provided along the shopping frontage for the convenience of the people.

F.1.3 PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLICThe public/semi public component consists of a primary school and crche.

The primary school has been located centrally so that it is easily accessible from all parts of

the cluster. Only 40% of the schools are is built up. The rest of it consists of the parking and

playground. Parking has been provided inside the schools boundary so that theres no traffic

congestion when the school starts or gets over.

The crche has been provided along the school. If the parents have to drop off their

child at the crche before going to work, it is best to locate it centrally so that it is easily

accessible from all parts of the cluster. Proper parking space has been provided for the people

coming to leave their children at the crche.

F.1.4 CIRCULATION

Proper hierarchy of roads has been followed in order to have an efficient circulation

system (refer map no. ).

Proper access to the houses has been provided. Care has been taken to give the

openings of houses on one side only.

The blocks have been arranged around culs-de-sac to ensure the provision of light and

ventilation and to prevent through traffic. This is done for the safety of the residents.


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F.2 PROPOSED CIRCULATION

The road network is laid out in the grid-iron pattern. In this pattern roads run

parallel to one another and cut each other at right angles (refer map no. ).

This pattern has a lot of advantages :

(a) If a series of continuous parallel streets is provided, it results into considerable

increase in traffic capacity.

(b) It is very convenient due to its regular nature.

(c) It results in economic construction as the area between streets can be divided into

suitable rectangular plots.

(d) The wastage of land is minimized as there are no irregular portions to be left out. This

pattern is especially suitable for a flat or level site without any predominant natural features.

Proper hierarchy of the roads is followed according to their function and width.

Table 23 Width Of the Roads

Road Width (in meters)

Inter Cluster (V3) 25

Intra cluster (V4) 18

Access Roads (V5) 10

Pathways (V6) 3

The provision of roads in a hierarchical order results in an efficient and smooth flow

of traffic.

Only two entries have been provided into the cluster from the neighbourhood roads in

an effort to discourage through traffic and hence to ensure the safety of residents (refer map

No. ).The blocks have been arranged around culs-de-sac. The advantages of culs-de-sac are

:

(a) They afford a reasonable amount of privacy to homes.

(b) They provide quiet and healthy sites for homes.

(c) They facilitate the preparation of a layout consisting of irregularly shaped plots of

land.

(d) They reduce the nuisance of dust, noise and the danger of through traffic to aminimum


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F.3 PROPOSED UTILITY NETWORKS

The water supply network is laid out in the grid iron pattern along the road network

(refer map no. ). Pipes are connected at intervals at streets intersections. Water is supplied

from OHR present in neighbour hood park.

Table 24 For diaii meter of sewerage

Pipe Dia (in)

Supply main 24

Sub main 18

Service Pipe 8

The supply mains are the pipes which carry water from a pumping station or reservoir

to another main. A supply main should not be used for supplying water to the consumers

directly.

Sub mains form the links between supply mains and service pipes which are used to

supply water to the house or consumers meter.

Supply mains should be laid with a cover to provide protection from the

superimposed loads due to traffic.Water supply is provided from the underoverhead reservoir in Cluster A.

The system of sewerage is provided. In this system one sewer is provided for

the removal of sewage and sullage. A separate drainage system is laid down for rain water

for rain water harvesting.

The sewerage / drainage system is laid down according to the slope of the site which

is towards south of the area.

Manholes are provided at a distance of 150 m to provide access for inspection and

cleaning.

The electricity and telephone lines are laid underground to avoid mesh of wires which

can result in a bad visual impression and unsafe conditions due to short circuiting etc.

The streetlights are provided at a distance of 20 m and all the lights are solar lights.

The streets should be properly illuminated by street lights to enable the vehicles and

pedestrians to move safely on streets and to discourage illegal actions and anti-social

activities.


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Figure 38 Cross Section Of The Water And Sewage

F.4 PROPOSED LANDSCAPING

Trees like barna, bara campa have been planted along roads so that they get maximum

shade (refer map no. ).

Trees like Gulmohur and Amaltas have been planted in parks and tot-lots due to their

aesthetic value. Asoka trees are planted along the pathways in parks and tot-lots.

Gulmohar

A medium sized, fast growing tree with an umbrella like crown of finely cut, bright

green foliage and beautiful red flowers (refer table no. ).

Amaltas

A moderate-sized tree with long brown fruits. It bears beautiful yellow coloured

hanging flowers. This has given it the name of Golden Shower (refer table no. ).

Ashoka

A beautiful, evergreen shady tree. Usually planted to define pathways etc.Poplar trees have

been planted in the buffer as they have big leaves and can absorb noise pollution.


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Table 25 Foliage Of The Trees

NAME OFTREES FOLLIAGE(FT) HEIGHT(FT) CHARACTERSTICS

ALSTONIA 15 25 SHADY

BARNA 20 20SHADYORNAMENTAL

ASHOKA 3 18 ORNAMENTAL

GULMOHAR 20 25 ORNAMENTAL

AMALTAS 15-20 25-30 ORNAMENTAL

BARACAMPA 18 2 ORNAMENTAL

The parks and tot-lots have been provided with opportunities for both active

and passive recreation. Benches have been given for sitting and pathways have been given for

e walking. Swings, slides etc. have been provided for the children to play.


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APPENDIX-I

TERMINOLOGIES

Amenities: Means Roads, Streets, Open Spaces, Parks, Recreational Grounds, Play-

grounds, Gardens, Water Supply, Electric Supply, Street Lighting, Drainage,

Sewerage, Public Works And Other Utilities, Communication Network, Surface And

Convenience.

(Arnold Whitik Encyclopedia Of Urp)

Apartments: Apartment/Flats shall means residential buildings constructed in a

detached or semi-detached manner being designed as ground floor plus more upper

floors and constructed as separated dwelling unit with common staircase. (Arnold

whitik Encyclopedia of urp)

Building line :the line up to which the plinth of a building adjoining a street or anextension of street or on a future street may lawfully extend.

Block : A building containing several separate flats , each with an independent entry

approached from a common interference, staircase, lift, or balcony, and sharing other

services and services.

(Encyclopedia Of Urp)

Built Up Area : An area occupied by buildings, where system of street light is

required. (Arnold whitik Encyclopedia Of Urp)


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Back To Back Housing :Kind of housing in which two row housing lines are joined

from back and side walls are shared with surrounding structures

(S.K. Kulshrestha)

Clusters : A group of generally up to maximum 20 plots or dwelling units arranged

around a group open space.

(S.K. Kulshrestha)

Corner Site- A site located at the junction of and fronting on two or more intersecting

roads. (S. K. Kulshrestha)

Cul-de-sac cluster- A dead end street with appropriately designed area at the end for

turn around. (S. K. Kulshrestha)

Convenient Shops : Shops selling convenience goods and located within walking

distance.

(By S K Kulshrestha,

Dictionary Of Urp)

Conceptual Plan : A preliminary plan/ design giving the schedule of requirements,

general approach, and alternative concepts / solutions for the consideration of the

client and his comments and suggestions. (By S K Kulshrestha, Dictionary OfUrp)

Circulation :It provides linkages between different land uses. The single most

important element in the city affecting residential area of the cites is the pattern of

street layout. Road hierarchy to be followed is sub arterial, collector road and access

road.


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Group Housing Housing for more than one Dwelling unit, where land is owned

jointly (as in the Case of co-operative societies or the public agencies, Such as local

authorities or housing boards, etc) and The construction is underta$+n by one agency.

( National Building Code Of India 2005 )

Landscape : Comprises the visible features of an area of land, including the physical

elements of landforms, water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the sea, living elements

of land cover including vegetation, human elements including land uses, building and

structures, and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions.

(By S K Kulshrestha, Dictionary Of Urp)

Junction : A place serving as an interchange point where two or more roads meets.


Parking : A place open or covered owned by a local body , private agency or an

individual , used for parking of vehicles with or without parking charges.


Residential Area : Residential area constitutes the basic issue of the urban system,

occupying the major part of the town territory and forming the environment in which

the urban population spends most of his life.

(MC BRANCH )

Totlot : An outdoors or safe play facility for children of less than 10 years of age ,

located in a residential area serving a population of about 250 persons.


Utilities : The basic public services like water supply, sewerage, drainage and

electricity supply in a settlement. (ByS. Kulshrestha,

Dictionary Of Urp)


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Birdie G.S., Birdie J.S., (1992); Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering.

Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.

CPHEEO, Manual on water supply and treatment, Ministry of works and

housing, New Delhi.

Davis Earnest(1952), Transport Planning Practice, E. Arnold and Co.

London,.

Kulshrestha. S.K. (2006) Dictionary of Urban And Regional Planning. Kalpaz

Publishers, New Delhi.

Kadyali, L.R. (2008). Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning, Khanna

Publishers, Delhi.

Puri, G.S. and Jain, S.K.. Road side plantation, urban and rural planning

through, Vol-1(2) School of Town and country planning, New Delhi.

Richard utter man(1991) , Cluster planning and cluster housing, London

Gallion.A.B. (1984) The Urban Pattern,C.B.S.Publishers, New Delhi William h. Whyte (2005), Cluster planning, London

http/:www. Wikipedia/drainage pattern/org.

http/:www.eldoradocountyweather.com

Cluster Himanshu REPORT

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