Clouds & Containers: Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What's the Difference & Why...

Clouds & Containers Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What’s the Difference & Why Should I Care?

Mark Heckler

Principal Technologist/Developer Advocate

Pivotal Software, Inc.

www.thehecklers.org

[email protected]

@MkHeck

@MkHeck #cloud #containers

http://www.thehecklers.org

mailto:[email protected]


Who am I?


Who am I?

• Author

• Speaker

• Software Architect/Developer

• Java Champion


The high points


The high points• What is this container stuff of which you speak?

• How can I use containers to develop better software?

• What are orchestration tools? Do I need to consider/use them?

• How do cloud/PaaS options compare? What are the tradeoffs?

• What is the difference?

• Why should I care? (Or should I?)


The high points• What is this container stuff of which you speak?

• How can I use containers to develop better software?

• What are orchestration tools? Do I need to consider/use them?

• How do cloud/PaaS options compare? What are the tradeoffs?

• What is the difference?

• Why should I care? (Or should I?)From a

Develo

per’s P

erspec

tive


VMs vs. Containers


Dockerfile#Pullbaseimage#---------------FROMopenjdk:latest

#Author#----------MAINTAINERMarkHeckler<[email protected],@MkHeck>

#Buildthecontainer#-------------------RUNmkdir/jarCOPYjar/quotesvc-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar/jar#RUNls/jarENTRYPOINT["java","-jar","/jar/quotesvc-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar"]EXPOSE8088


docker history <imagename>IMAGECREATEDCREATEDBYSIZEab735b049e762weeksago/bin/sh-c#(nop)EXPOSE8088/tcp0B<missing>2weeksago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENTRYPOINT["java""-jar"0B<missing>2weeksago/bin/sh-c#(nop)COPYfile:8e09773c89fbe67fd30.1MB<missing>2weeksago/bin/sh-cmkdir/jar0B<missing>11weeksago/bin/sh-c#(nop)MAINTAINERMarkHeckler<m0B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c/var/lib/dpkg/info/ca-certificates418.2kB<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-cset-x&&apt-getupdate&&apt-349.3MB<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVCA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_V0B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVJAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u0B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVJAVA_VERSION=8u1020B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVJAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm0B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c{echo'#!/bin/sh';echo'set87B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ENVLANG=C.UTF-80B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-cecho'debhttp://httpredir.debian.61B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-capt-getupdate&&apt-getinstall1.285MB<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-capt-getupdate&&apt-getinstall122.6MB<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-capt-getupdate&&apt-getinstall44.3MB<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)CMD["/bin/bash"]0B<missing>3monthsago/bin/sh-c#(nop)ADDfile:c6c23585ab140b0b32123MB


Docker-centric view


Docker engine optional


Docker engine optional

• CoreOS rkt

• Joyent Triton

• Cloud Foundry

• …


Package Once, Deploy Anywhere


How does this make software better?• Portable

• Immutable

• Faster to build

• Lighter to distribute & run

• Availability of building blocks, e.g. prebuilt images

• Consistent across platforms, stages…everywhere


What about orchestration?

–Frederic Lardinois, TechCrunch

“Container orchestration remains a major pain point for developers, even as multiple frameworks like Kubernetes and

Mesos now vie for this market.”

– http://kubernetes.io/

“Production-Grade Container Orchestration”

– http://kubernetes.io/docs/whatisk8s/

“Additionally, Kubernetes is not a mere ‘orchestration system’; it eliminates the need for orchestration.”

Term soup


What IS orchestration?

“Back to basics” definition

Orchestration is a construct/toolset that:

• handles deployments

• allows for the management of multiple containers as one unit

• maintains targeted instance counts, e.g. scaling


“Or”chestrationSome of the ORs…

• Routing

• Load balancing

• Service registry

• Application configuration

• etc.


Orchestration “breakdown”

• Docker == container level control

• docker-compose

• coordinates multiple containers

• creates private network

• single instance “focused” (Swarm vs. swarm mode)


Orchestration breakdown

• Docker swarm mode

• Kubernetes (K8s)

• Mesos/Marathon: Docker+Marathon, Docker Swarm, or Docker+Kubernetes

• Rancher: Cattle, Docker Swarm, or Docker+Kubernetes

• Triton: Docker+Zones


How do cloud/PaaS options compare?

• Orchestration capabilities (& usually much more) baked in (PaaS)

• Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform

• Each supports containers (in different ways)

• Unique approaches/solutions/configuration


Vendor-specific clouds

• Solid platforms

• Solid vendors

• Control?

• “Switching costs” (for devs)

• Public vs. on-premises decided for you (effectively public cloud only)


Cloud Foundry• Foundation holds all IP (63 members)

• Open source

• Numerous providers: CenturyLink, GE, HP, Huawei, IBM, Pivotal, SAP, …

• Support for containers

• You choose/control underlying IaaS

• Public and on-premises options, one consistent API


Images vs. Buildpacks• Some cloud providers (CF, Heroku, et al) offer conceptual alternative

• Distinction is deployable unit

• Intermediate objectives are the same

• End goal is the same

• Mechanics are different

• As humans, WE WANT IT ALL!


Images vs. BuildpacksBuildpacks

• More flexible & mature capabilities within all CF variants

• Container OS can be patched by admin w/o rebuilding app

• App libs can be "freshened" with a simple app restage

• Can define env vars in manifest and do a one-step deploy

Docker images

• Can use Docker images from public repository

• Can control when container OS is patched (flip side: devs have responsibility for it)

• Don't expose Dockerfile-defined env vars to app exposed as ENTRYPOINT


Cloud & Containers TL;DR

• Lines increasingly blurred

• “Docker brand” containers specifically? Images vs. Engine?

• Differences for developers

• Differences for operations


Why should I care?


Show time!


Why should I care? Or should I?• Consistency

• Portability

• Build integration with CI/CD pipelines

• Community

• Transferability of skills

• What do you think?

https://github.com/mkheck/CloudsAndContainers

@MkHeck



Clouds & Containers: Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What's the Difference & Why...

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Transcript of Clouds & Containers: Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What's the Difference & Why...