Cloud Computing in Libraries
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Transcript of Cloud Computing in Libraries
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CLOUD COMPUTING IN LIBRARIESBasic concepts and library applications
Library Services in the CloudAugust 2, 2012
Marshall BreedingIndependent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideswww.librarytechnology.org/twitter.com/mbreeding
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Summary Explore the use of cloud computing in a
library setting Practical examples for general business
automation Strategic library products offered
through cloud technologies
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Cloud Computing for Libraries
Volume 11 in The Tech Set
Published by Neal-Schuman / ALA TechSource
ISBN: 781555707859
http://www.neal-schuman.com/ccl
Book Image Publication Info:
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Cloud computing as marketing term
Cloud computing used very freely, tagged to almost any virtualized environment
Any arrangement where the library relies on some kind of remote hosting environment for major automation components
Includes almost any vendor-hosted product offering
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Cloud computing – characteristics
Web-based Interfaces Externally hosted Pricing: subscription or utility Highly abstracted computing model Provisioned on demand Scaled according to variable needs Elastic – consumption of resources can
contract and expand according to demand
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Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing
http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html
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Gartner Hype Cycle 2009
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Gartner Hype Cycle 2010
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Gartner Hype Cycle 2011
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Local Computing Traditional model Locally owned and managed Shifting from departmental to enterprise Departmental servers
co-located in central IT data centers
Increasingly virtualized
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Virtualization The ability for multiple
computing images to simultaneously exist on one physical server
Physical hardware partitioned into multiple instances using virtual machine management tools such as VMware
Applicable to local, remote, and cloud models
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Infrastructure-as-a-service Provisioning of Equipment Servers, storage
Virtual server provisioning Examples:
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Rackspace Cloud www.rackspacecloud.com/
) EMC2 Atmos (www.atmosonline.com/)
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Amazon EC2 Amazon Machine Instances (AMI)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Debian Fedora Ubuntu Linux Open Solaris Windows Server 2003/2008
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Software-as-a-Service Complete software application, customized for
customer use Software delivered through cloud infrastructure,
data stored on cloud Eg: Salesforce.com—widely used business
infrastructure Multi-tenant: all organizations that use the
service share the same instance (codebase, hardware resources, etc) Often partitioned to separate some groups of
subscribers
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Application service provider Legacy business applications hosted by software
vendor Standalone application on discrete or virtualized
hardware Staff and public clients accessed via the Internet Same user interfaces and functionality as if
installed locally Established as a deployment model in the 1990’s Can be implemented through Infrastructure-as-a
Service Individual instances of legacy system hosted in EC2
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ASP vs SaaS
From: THINKstrategies: CIO’s Guide to Software-as-a-Service
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Storage-as-a-Service Provisioned, on-demand storage Bundled to, or separate from other cloud
services
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Cloud computing in action
Common Library Examples
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Cloud computing trends for libraries Increased migration away from local
computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative
Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel
Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor
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Operation of a library’s Web site Fewer libraries choosing to operate their
Web sites on local servers Simple sites: Web hosting services Intermediate sites: Hosted CMS
Drupal consulting firm + hosting service Complex sites
Custom programming EC2 or other Infrastructure as a service
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Mail and Calendaring Many libraries just use individual accounts on Gmail or similar
services A more sophisticated approach uses mail services from
Google, Microsoft, or others institutionally Google Apps for Businesses Microsoft Exchange Online
Same interface, but e-mail addresses carry the institutional domain name Free or low-cost for small organizations Professional levels for larger organizations
Supplemental services: No advertising Back-up and recovery services Service Level agreement
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Document creation and collaboration
Google Docs / Google Drive Microsoft Office 365 Zoho.com
Concerns / Issues: Documents as official institutional records Backup and recovery process Private or Subject to FOIA?
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Data in the cloud Storage as a service Informal / small-scale
Dropbox (2GB+) Microsoft Skydrive (7GB+) Mostly used as supplemental storage and for
sharing Institutional / Larger-scale
Local storage still dominant When using cloud storage for institutional data
Multiple tiers of backup with SLA DuraCloud, S3, many others
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Platform-as-a-Platform as a Service
Virtualized computing environment for deployment of software
Application engine, no specific server provisioning
Examples: Google App Engine
SDKs for Java, Python Heroku: ruby platform Amazon Web Service
Library Specific platforms WorldShare Platform
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Library automation through SaaS Almost all library automation products
offered through hosted options SaaS or ASP?
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ILS Products offered as SaaS (mostly ASP)
SirsiDynix Symphony SirsiDynix Horizon Innovative Interfaces Millennium Ex Libris Aleph EOS International EOS.Web Evergreen – Equinox Software Koha – LibLime, ByWater, many others
internationally …many other examples …
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Multi-tenant SaaS Serials Solutions
Summon Intota (Announced for 2012-13) 360 Search, 360 Link, KnowledgeWorks
Ex Libris Alma Primo Central
BiblioCommons OCLC WorldShare Management Services
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Data as a service SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all
libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex
Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central Global Knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among
all customers of SFX Serials Solutions: KnowledgeWorks General opportunity to move away from library-by-
library metadata management to globally shared workflows
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Platform as a Service OCLC WorldShare Platform
WorldShare Management Services WorldShare License Manager Library-created applications
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Repositories in the cloud Dspace – institutional repository
application Fedora – generalized repository platform DuraSpace – organization now over both
Dspace and Fedora DuraCloud – shared, hosted repository
platform Pilot since 2009, production in early 2011 www.duraspace.org/duracloud.php
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Caveats and concerns with SaaS Libraries must have adequate bandwidth
to support access to remote applications without latency
Quality of service agreements that guarantee performance and reliability factors
Configurability and customizability limitations
Access to API’s Ability to interoperate with 3rd party
applications Eg: Connect SaaS ILS with discovery
product from another vendor
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Preserve your brand! Be sure that your services delivered
through your own URL Most cloud services support domain
aliases Accomplished through DNS configuration
Implemented by your network administrator
Create CNAME entry to redirect cloud service to a subdomain associated with your library:
S3.mylibrary.org = s3.amazonaws.com.
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Cost implications Total cost of ownership Do all cost components result in increased or
decreased expense Personnel costs – need less technical administration Hardware – server hardware eliminated Software costs: subscription, license,
maintenance/support Indirect costs: energy costs associated with power and
cooling of servers in data center IaaS: balance elimination of hardware investments
for ongoing usage fees Especially attractive for development and prototyping
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Risks and concerns Privacy of data
Policies, regulations, jurisdictions Ownership of data
Avoid vendor lock-in Integrity of Data
Backups and disaster recovery
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Security issues Most providers implement stronger
safeguards beyond the capacity of local institutions
Virtual instances equally susceptible to poor security practices as local computing
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Increased pressure Library automation vendors promoting
SaaS offerings Some companies already exclusively SaaS
Software pricing increasingly favorable to SaaS
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Caveat Technologies promoted by companies
and organizations have a vested interest in their adoption
Critically assess viability of the technology and its appropriateness for your organization
Start with low-risk projects before making strategic commitments
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Questions and Discussion