CLOSED WOUNDSCLOSED WOUNDS

BRUISE:BRUISE:

• Simplest of the closed wounds.Simplest of the closed wounds.

• Blow to the body damages soft Blow to the body damages soft tissue layers.tissue layers.

• Bleeding occurs beneath the Bleeding occurs beneath the skin.skin.

• Swelling and color change Swelling and color change

occur.occur.

TREATMENT:TREATMENT:

Direct pressure, keep area still, Direct pressure, keep area still, apply ice (about 20 mins.), and apply ice (about 20 mins.), and elevate as long as elevation elevate as long as elevation does not cause pain.does not cause pain.

OPEN WOUNDSOPEN WOUNDSAbrasions:Abrasions: Most common open wound. Caused by Most common open wound. Caused by

something rubbing roughly against the skin. something rubbing roughly against the skin. Does not bleed much but this wound still needs Does not bleed much but this wound still needs to be cleaned properly since dirt and germs can to be cleaned properly since dirt and germs can be rubbed into the wound.be rubbed into the wound.

Lacerations:Lacerations: A cut in the skin caused by a sharp A cut in the skin caused by a sharp object. Can bleed heavily or not and damage object. Can bleed heavily or not and damage could be deep through fat and muscle which could be deep through fat and muscle which allows for damage to nerves and blood vessels. allows for damage to nerves and blood vessels. Infection can also occur easily if not treated Infection can also occur easily if not treated properly.properly.

Avulsions:Avulsions: An injury where the skin is partly or An injury where the skin is partly or completely torn away. Violent force may completely torn away. Violent force may completely tear away a body part (amputation).completely tear away a body part (amputation).Deep tissue damage can cause significant Deep tissue damage can cause significant bleeding. bleeding.

Punctures:Punctures: An injury caused by a pointed object. An injury caused by a pointed object. These wounds do not usually bleed very much These wounds do not usually bleed very much but infections could occur due to object carrying but infections could occur due to object carrying dirt and germs deep into the body.dirt and germs deep into the body.

Incisions:Incisions: A cut in the skin due to a sharp object. A cut in the skin due to a sharp object. Bleeding can be rapid and heavy. Very similar Bleeding can be rapid and heavy. Very similar to a laceration.to a laceration.

TREATMENT:TREATMENT: Covering to help control bleeding Covering to help control bleeding and prevent infection. Coverings are referred to and prevent infection. Coverings are referred to as dressings and bandages. Depending on as dressings and bandages. Depending on severity of the wound stitches could be required.severity of the wound stitches could be required.

BURN CLASSIFICATIONSBURN CLASSIFICATIONS

BURNS BY SOURCES:BURNS BY SOURCES:

Thermal-Thermal-from extremes of heat or cold, fire, from extremes of heat or cold, fire, steam or hot liquidssteam or hot liquids

Chemical-Chemical-such as acid such as acid

Radiation-Radiation-sunburn, x-rays or artificial sunburn, x-rays or artificial ultraviolet rays from a tanning booth ultraviolet rays from a tanning booth

Electrical-Electrical-from electrical wiring, high voltage from electrical wiring, high voltage electrocution by downed power electrocution by downed power lineslines

BURN CLASSIFICATIONSBURN CLASSIFICATIONSBURNS BY DEPTHBURNS BY DEPTH• First Degree BurnsFirst Degree Burns are the most shallow. are the most shallow.

They involve only the outer layer of skin They involve only the outer layer of skin which is the epidermis. These burns usually which is the epidermis. These burns usually appear red and swollen. There is no blistering appear red and swollen. There is no blistering with first-degree burns and they usually heal with first-degree burns and they usually heal within 3 to 6 days without permanent within 3 to 6 days without permanent scarring.scarring.

• Second Degree BurnsSecond Degree Burns extend into the extend into the middle layer of skin called the dermis. middle layer of skin called the dermis. Blistering usually occurs with second-degree Blistering usually occurs with second-degree burns which are red in color. However, a burns which are red in color. However, a deep second-degree burn may appear white deep second-degree burn may appear white in color and the blisters may ooze a clear in color and the blisters may ooze a clear fluid. They usually heal in 10 to 21 days but fluid. They usually heal in 10 to 21 days but maybe associated with significant scarring.maybe associated with significant scarring.

• Third Degree BurnsThird Degree Burns involve all three lays of involve all three lays of skin - the epidermis, dermis and fat layer - skin - the epidermis, dermis and fat layer - usually destroying the sweat glands, hair usually destroying the sweat glands, hair follicles and nerve endings. Because the follicles and nerve endings. Because the nerves have been destroyed, these burns are nerves have been destroyed, these burns are not painful. No blisters develop. The not painful. No blisters develop. The appearance and symptoms of deep burns can appearance and symptoms of deep burns can worsen during the first hours or even days worsen during the first hours or even days after the burn.after the burn.

DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURESDISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

• Dislocation is the Dislocation is the movement of a bone at movement of a bone at a joint away from its a joint away from its normal positionnormal position

• Fracture is a complete Fracture is a complete break, chip or crack in break, chip or crack in a bone.a bone.

SPRAINS AND STRAINSSPRAINS AND STRAINS

SprainSprain is the tearing of is the tearing of ligaments at a joint. Mild ligaments at a joint. Mild sprains may swell but sprains may swell but usually heal quickly. Severe usually heal quickly. Severe sprains may also involve a sprains may also involve a fracture or dislocation.fracture or dislocation.

StrainStrain is a stretching and is a stretching and tearing of muscles or tearing of muscles or tendons. Can be caused by tendons. Can be caused by lifting something heavy or lifting something heavy or working a muscle too hard.working a muscle too hard.

Care For Muscle, Bone,or Joint Injury

•Rest-Do not move or straighten injured area

•Immobilize-stabilize the injury

•Cold-fill plastic bag or wrap ice and apply to injury

•Elevate-Do not elevate if it causes pain