Close-ups and the scale of ecology: Land uses and ... · Close-ups and the scale of ecology: Land...
Transcript of Close-ups and the scale of ecology: Land uses and ... · Close-ups and the scale of ecology: Land...
Close-ups and the scale of ecology:
Land uses and neighborhood crime
Adam Boessen
Department of Criminology and Criminal JusticeUniversity of Missouri, St. Louis
This material is based on research supported by: NSF award BCS-0827027.
Outline of the Talk
Boessen, A and J. R. Hipp. (2015). Close-ups and the scale ofecology: Land uses and the geography of social context andcrime. Criminology, 53(3): 399-426.
What is the spatial scale of neighborhood processes?What role does land uses play in these processes?
Micro Focal Neighborhood
Familiarity and SocialInteraction
Proximity
Crime Hot Spot
Egohoods
Hipp, J. R. and Boessen, A. (2013). Egohoods as waves washing across the city:A new measure of “neighborhoods”. Criminology , 51(2):287-327.
Spatial Distribution of Social Networks
Hipp, J. R., Faris, R. W., and Boessen, A. (2012). Measuring neighborhood:Constructing network neighborhoods. Social Networks, 34:128-140.
Riverside County
Los Angeles County San Bernardino County
San Diego County
NEVADA
CALIFORNIA
Irvine
Santa Ana
Twin Communities
Network StudyLegend
Orange County
TCNS Tracts
City Area
Boessen et al. (2014). Networks, Space, and Residents’ Perception of Cohesion.American Journal of Community Psychology, 53:447-461.
LegendAlters
Important MattersTCNS City
Irvine
Santa Ana
Activity Patterns: Work CommutingLEHD − Southern California by Tract 2002
Edge Present When # Workers sent between two tracts is > 50
and When Distance (Miles) Traveled is > 2
Land use and Crime
Social and physicalcontext
Situates opportunity
What is the spatialscale of different landuses?
Copyright: ©2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ
LegendLand UseINDUSTRIAL
< -0.50 Std. Dev.-0.50 - 0.50 Std. Dev.0.50 - 1.5 Std. Dev.1.5 - 2.5 Std. Dev. > 2.5 Std. Dev.
Current Study
The scale of ecological crime processes is often uncertain
Too large and too small?
The role of a variety of land uses
Data: Cities used in analysis
7 Cities in 2000 census blocks (73,010 total blocks)All around the year 2000
Chicago, ILCleveland, OHColumbus, OHDallas, TX
Los Angeles, CA
San Francisco, CA
Tucson, AZ
Data & Measures
Police Crime data
City police department dataAssault, Robbery, Homicide, Larceny, Motor Theft, Burglary
Land Use
City, county, and regional planning departmentsResidential, retail, industrial, office, other
Demographics
CensusRace/ethnicity, economic disadvantage, racial heterogeneity,residential instability, vacant units, population density, inequality, andyoung people
Analysis Plan
Multilevel count models for six crime types
Fixed effects included for cities
Micro, meso, and broader area
Two main models
Block group and spatial lagsAdd micro block information
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Retail Industrial Residential
Pe
rce
nt
Incr
eas
e/D
ecr
eas
e in
Cri
me
Assault
Robbery
Homicide
Burglary
Results for Demographic Measures
Micro Block: vacant units, residential stability, density
Meso/Broader Area: inequality, disadvantage, racial/ethnicheterogeneity
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Low block groupheterogeneity
Average block groupheterogeneity
High block groupheterogeneity
Agg
rava
ted
Ass
ault
Block Group Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity
Effect of block and block group racial/ethnic heterogeneity and aggravated assault rate
Low block heterogeneity
Average block heterogeneity
High block heterogeneity
Discussion
Neighborhood processes operate at different spatial scales
Homogeneous blocks within heterogeneous block groups
Land uses crucial for ecology of crime
Summary and Implications
Need to understand different neighborhood processes at differentspatial temporal scales
Social and physical context
Interdependence
Acknowledgements & Thank You
Acknowledgments
John HippCharis KubrinCarroll SeronGeorge TitaCarter ButtsElizabeth CauffmanNicholas Nagle
Thank You!
Gary PainterRichard ParksStacia Fewox