Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial...

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Clinical Anatomy

Transcript of Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial...

Page 1: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Clinical Anatomy

Page 2: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small
Page 3: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Case presentation

• History:

➢ 70 years old lady, DM, HTN

➢ Bilateral mechanical knee pain for 10 years

➢ Progressively increasing with time

➢ Noticed a deformity 2 years back

➢ Deformity and occasional pain in the smalljoints of both hands

Page 4: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

• Knee examination:➢ Varus deformity bilaterally➢ Tender medial joint line bilaterally➢ ROM 10 – 100 degrees

• Hand examination:➢ Multiple small joint nodules➢ No redness

Page 5: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small
Page 6: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small
Page 7: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small
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What do you think?

Page 9: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Hyaline cartilage

• Decreases friction and distributes loads.➢ Extracellular matrix 

1. water (65­80%),2. 90% type II collagen (10­20%),3. proteoglycans (10­15%)

➢ cells (chondrocytes)

• Cartilage is avascular;    Nourished by:✓ synovial fluid at the surface✓ subchondral bone at the base

Page 10: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Pathology

• Articular cartilage ➢ increased water content➢ alterations in proteoglycans: eventual decrease in amount➢ collagen abnormalities: organization and orientation are lost➢ binding of proteoglycans to hyaluronic acid

• Synovium and capsule➢ early phase: mild inflammatory changes in synovium➢ middle phase: moderate inflammatory changes of synovium,

hypervascular➢ late phases: synovium becomes increasingly thick and vascular

• Bone➢ subchondral bone attempts to remodel➢ bone cysts form in late stages

Page 11: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Stages

Page 12: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small

Intraoperatively

Page 13: Clinical Anatomy - JU Medicine · •Knee examination: Varus deformity bilaterally Tender medial joint line bilaterally ROM 10 – 100 degrees •Hand examination: Multiple small
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