Climbout Factor GuidanceThe following departure procedure and climbout guidance supplements and clarifies AFI 11-202 Vol 3 and AFM 11-217. It will be followed by all 32 FTS aircrews. ORM was utilized to determine the safest course of action for any given takeoff situation. While the Off-Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree will assist IPs in determining the safest course of action, it is not a substitute for sound pilot judgment or common sense. If a situation arises that is not addressed in this guidance, contact the 32 FTS SUP.

The following information supplements the Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree.

Notes1. Authorized actions to meet required COF: 1) reduced fuel load (SUP approval required if planned fuel is less than 4000 lbs), 2) wait for temperature to decrease, 3) change runways, 4) zero-flap takeoff (if CFL is less than runway available), 5) ACM-off takeoff, and 6) use 1500’ climbout profile

2. Home airfield – In IMC or VMC, 2.5 climb gradient is required to DOH (2800’ MVA at Vance). The reduced COF at Vance AFB is justified by the lack of obstacles/terrain and aircrew’s familiarity with the departure airfield. NOTE: These departures have been approved for T-37 operations at less than 152’/NM.

4. If using the 1500’ climbout profile with 10 flaps for initial takeoff or touch and goes, crews may raise flaps at 400’ if both engines are operating normally 5. The attached ORM Decision Tree will be used when planning initial takeoffs, touch and goes, go-arounds and missed approaches while operating at other than Vance AFB.

6. When using the single engine climb gradient “postage stamp” to determine the COF for a required climb gradient, the correct column must be used to ensure obstacle clearance. DOH is a valid method of ensuring obstacle clearance with no published climb gradient. DOH is an IFR altitude (MSA or MVA) minus 1000’. If a climb gradient must be maintained above 400’ or 1500’ (e.g. up to the minimum IFR altitude), then the “greater than” column (i.e. the right column) must be used. The “less than” column (i.e. the left column) only guarantees a given climb gradient up to 400’ or 1500’.

Climbout Factor Guidance 5. The attached ORM Decision Tree will be used when planning initial takeoffs, touch and goes, go-arounds and missed approaches while operating at other than Vance AFB.

6. When using the single engine climb gradient “postage stamp” to determine the COF for a required climb gradient, the correct column must be used to ensure obstacle clearance. DOH is a valid method of ensuring obstacle clearance with no published climb gradient. DOH is an IFR altitude (MSA or MVA) minus 1000’. If a climb gradient must be maintained above 400’ or 1500’ (e.g. up to the minimum IFR altitude), then the “greater than” column (i.e. the right column) must be used. The “less than” column (i.e. the left column) only guarantees a given climb gradient up to 400’ or 1500’.

Off-Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision TreeFor Initial Takeoff, Go-Arounds, Touch-n-goes, and Missed Approaches**

Can 200 ft/nm or the published climb gradient, whichever is higher, be met one engine inoperative?

Yes No

Evaluate/apply approved actions in Note 1 to meet required climb gradient

Is there a published climb gradient? (i.e. Trouble T)

Continue Mission Have all authorized actions to meet required climb gradient been considered? (See Note 1)

Yes No

NoYes

If 48 feet/NM is subtracted from published climb gradient, can reduced gradient be achieved.

No

Discontinue mission until more favorable conditions exist.

SUP approval required. Squadron Supervisor may approve takeoff if the following conditions are met:- Calculated COF must provide a climb gradient equal to or greater than published climb gradient minus 48 feet or 152’/NM to minimum IFR altitude- VFR chart of terrain is available and crew is aware of obstacle location-VMC to min IFR altitude (MSA, MVA, etc)- If IMC departure is requiredIf IMC departure is required, the DO (or CC) must approve the planned actions - Crew must consider DOH, known obstacles, and planned departure routing

Can 2.5 gradient (152’/NM) be achieved

No

** All calculated climbout factors assume one engine inoperative

Yes Yes

Cold Weather ClimboutCold Weather Climbout

General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge

IntroductionIntroduction

• Climbout RequirementsClimbout Requirements• Cold WeatherCold Weather• Second Segment ClimbSecond Segment Climb• Example Problem (Vance AFB)Example Problem (Vance AFB)• ConclusionConclusion

Climbout RequirementsClimbout Requirements

• IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 % IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 % gradient)gradient)

• VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 % VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 % gradient)gradient)

Cold WeatherCold Weather

• Icing may require use of engine anti-ice on Icing may require use of engine anti-ice on the groundthe ground– If required, engine anti-ice reduces engine If required, engine anti-ice reduces engine

performance resulting in 2.0 reduction in COFperformance resulting in 2.0 reduction in COF• Icing may require use of wing and engine Icing may require use of wing and engine

anti-ice at or above 400 feet AGL.anti-ice at or above 400 feet AGL.– Degradation of climb performance is accounted Degradation of climb performance is accounted

for in “Minimum Climbout Factor Required” for in “Minimum Climbout Factor Required” ChartsCharts

Second Segment ClimbSecond Segment Climb

• If anti-ice is required during the climb If anti-ice is required during the climb profile, you must use the second segment profile, you must use the second segment climb to determine your climbout factor that climb to determine your climbout factor that is required.is required.– The second column of the postage stamp (or The second column of the postage stamp (or

climb >400 feet)climb >400 feet)

Example ProblemExample Problem

• Vance AFBVance AFB– WeatherWeather

• 00ooCC• Broken at 600 feet AGLBroken at 600 feet AGL• 1 SM visibility with mist1 SM visibility with mist• Calm windsCalm winds• Altimeter 29.92Altimeter 29.92

– COF required is approximately 5.2 (+ 2.0 for COF required is approximately 5.2 (+ 2.0 for engine anti-ice reduction) = 7.2 effective COFengine anti-ice reduction) = 7.2 effective COF

Charts for ExampleCharts for Example

Charts for ExampleCharts for Example

Charts for ExampleCharts for Example

152 FT/NM or 200 FT/NM – You must use the second

segment climb to determine your overall climb

performance.

Charts for ExampleCharts for Example

Charts for ExampleCharts for Example

ConclusionConclusion

• Pay attention to your icing requirementsPay attention to your icing requirements– If icing requires use of anti-ice during the initial If icing requires use of anti-ice during the initial

climb to minimum IFR altitude, use the second climb to minimum IFR altitude, use the second segment climb (or right column in the postage segment climb (or right column in the postage stamp)stamp)

• Be aware of the NOTES associated with our Be aware of the NOTES associated with our commonly used performance chartscommonly used performance charts

• Climbout only gets more difficult in the Climbout only gets more difficult in the winter!!!winter!!!