SIMPLE PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN COLD & CLOUDY & COLD & SUNNY climate

SUBMITTED BY:PAYAL LULLA TEJENDRA

COLD & CLOUDY & COLD & SUNNY

THIS REGION EXPERIENCES VERY COLD WINTERS. HENCE, TRAPPING & USING THE SUN’S HEAT WHENEVER IT IS AVAILABLE, IS OF PRIME CONCERN IN BUILDING DESIGN.

THE INTERNAL HEAT SHOULD NOT BE LOST BACK TO THE AMBIENT.

EXPOSURE TO COLD, WINDS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED.

THE MAIN OBJECTIVES WHILE DESIGNING IN THIS ZONE ARE :

RESIST HEAT LOSS BY :

DECREASING THE EXPOSED SURFACE AREAINCREASING THE THERMAL RESISTANCEINCREASING THE THERMAL CAPACITYDECREASING THE AIR EXCHANGE RATE

PROMOTE HEAT GAIN BY :

AVOIDING EXCESSIVE SHADINGUTILISING THE HEAT FROM THE APPLIANCESTRAPPING THE HEAT OF THE SUN

SITE

LANDFORM: IN COLD CLIMATES, HEAT GAIN IS DESIRABLE. HENCE BUILDINGS SHOULD BE LOCATED ON THE SOUTH SLOPE OF THE HILL OR MOUNTAIN FOR BETTER ACCESS TO SOLAR RADIATION. AT THE SAME TIME, THE EXPOSURE TO THE COLD WINDS CAN BE MINIMIZED BY LOCATING THE BUILDING ON THE LEEWARD SIDE.

OPEN SPACES AND BUILT FORMS:

BUILDING IN COLD CLIMATES SHOULD BE CLUSTERED TOGETHER TO MINIMIZE THE EXPOSURE TO COLD WINDS.

OPEN SPACES MUST BE SUCH THAT THEY ALLOW MAXIMUM SOUTH SUN.

THEY SHOULD BE TREATED WITH A HARD & REFLECTIVE SURFACE SO THAT THEY REFLECT SOLAR RADIATION ONTO THE BUILDING.

STREET WIDTH & ORIENTATION:

IN COLD CLIMATES THE STREET ORIENTATION SHOULD BE EAST-WEST TO ALLOW FOR MAXIMUM SOUTH SUN TO ENTER THE BUILDING.

THE STREET SHOULD BE WIDE ENOUGH TO ENSURE THAT THE BUILDINGS ON ONE SIDE DO NOT SHADE THOSE ON THE OTHERSIDE.

ORIENTATION AND PLANFORM:

IN THESE ZONES, THE BUILDINGS MUST BE COMPACT, WITH SMALL S/V RATIOS.

THIS IS BECAUSE THE LOWER THE SURFACE AREA, THE LOWER THE HEAT LOSS FROM THE BUILDING.

WINDOW SHOULD PREFERABLY FACE SOUTH TO ENCOURAGE DRECT GAIN.

THE NORTH OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE WELL INSULATED.

LIVING AREAS CAN BE LOCATED ON THE SOUTHERN SIDE WHILE UTILITY AREAS SUCH AS STORES CAN BE ON THE NORTHERN.

THE HEAT GENERATED BY APPLIANCES IN ROOMS SUCH AS KITCHENS MAY BE RECYCLED TO HEAT THE OTHER PARTS OF THE BUILDING.

BUILDING ENVELOPE

ROOF: FALSE CEILING ARE A REGULAR ROOF FEATURE OF

HOUSES IN COLD CLIMATE.

INTERNAL INSULATION SUCH AS POLYURETHANE FOAM(PUF), THERMOCOL, WOOD, WOOL, ETC CAN BE USED.

AN ALUMINIUM FOIL IS GENERALLY USED BETWEEN THE INSULATION LAYER AND THE ROOF TO REDUCE HEAT LOSS TO THE EXTERIOR.

A SUFFICIENTLY SLOPING ROOF ENABLES QUICK DRAINAGEOF RAIN WATER & SNOW.

SKYLIGHTS ON THE ROOFS ADMIT HEAT AS WELL AS LIGHT IN WINTERS. THEY ARE PROVIDED WITH SHUTTERS TO AVOID OVER HEATING IN THE SUMMER.

WALLS:

THE SOUTH FACING WALLS ( EXPOSED TO SOLAR RADIATION ) COULD BE OF HIGH THERMAL CAPACITY TO STORE DAY TIME HEAT FOR LATER USE.

WALLS SHOULD BE INSULATED INTERNALLY.

ON THE WINDWARD OR NORTH SIDE, A CAVITY WALL TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION MAY BE ADOPTED.

FENESTRATION:

MAXIMUM WINDOW AREA SHOULD BE ON THE SOUTHERN SIDE OF THE BUILDING TO FACILITATE DIRECT HEAT GAIN.

THEY SHOULD BE SEALED & PREFERABLY DOUBLE GLAZED. DOUBLE GLAZING HELPS TO AVOID HEAT LOSSES DURING WINTER NIGHTS.

COLOUR & TEXTURE:

THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE WALLS SHOULD BE DARK IN COLOUR HAVING HIGH ABSORPTIVITY TO FACILITATE HEAT GAINS.

DAYLIGHTING:

EXCESS OF DAYLIGHTING IS ADVANTAGEOUS IN THIS REGION.

THE OVER LIGHTING LEADS TO AN INCREASED SENSE OF WELL- BEING. HENCE, WINDOWS MUST HAVE MINIMUM SHADING.

H.P. STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK BUILDING, SHIMLA

LOCATION: SHIMLA , HIMACHAL PRADESH

BUILDING IS A GROUND & THREE- STOREYED STRUCTUREWITH IT LONGER AXIS FACING EAST- WEST.

OBJECTIVES:PROMOTE HEAT GAINREDUCE HEAT LOSS

TECHNIQUES:SOUTH FACING SUNSPACES HEATS UP THE INTERIOR.NORTH FACE IS PROTECTED BY A CAVITY WALL THAT INSULATES

THE BUILDING FROM PREVAILING N-NE WINTER WINDS.WESTERN WALL IS PROVIDED WIT INSULATION AS WELL AS

DOUBLE GLAZING.DAYLIGHTING IS ENHANCED BY PROVIDING LIGT SHELVES.SKYLIGHT ON THE TERRACE ALSO PROVIDES THE DAYLIGTING.

HIMURJA OFFICE BUILDING, SHIMLA

ARCHITECT: ARVIND KRISHAN & KUNAL JAIN

TECHNIQUES

WALLS: INSULATED RCC DIAPHRAGM WALLS ON THE NORTH TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS.

RESIDENCE FOR MOHINI MULLICK, BHOWALI, NAINITAL

ARCHITECT: SANJAY PRAKASH

TECHNIQUES

ROOF: TIMBER FRAMED INSULATED WITH ROCK WOOL.WALLS: THICK RANDOM RUBBLE AVAILABLE NEAR THE

SITE.

ARCHITECT: SIDDHARTHA WIG & SANJAY PRAKASH

TECHNIQUES

WALLS: R.C.C FRAMED STRUCTURE WITH BRICK IN FILL WALL ROCK WOOL BLANKET & THERMOCOLE SHEET WAS USED.

FLOOR: CARPETED FLOOR IN DARK COLOUR PROVIDES INSULATION.

ROOF: ROCKWALL INSULATION WAS PROVIDED ABOVE FALSE CEILING.

MLA HOSTEL ,SHIMLA

ARCHITECT: ARVIND KRISHAN & KUNAL JAIN

SITE :

LAND SLOPING TOWARDS SOUTH AT A GRADIENT OF 1 IN 30

LARGE BARREN WITH NO VEGETATION.

DEGREE COLLEGE & HILL COMPLEX , LEH

AIRPORT & STAFF HOUSING COLONY, KARGILARCHITECT:

ARVIND KRISHAN & KUNAL JAIN

TECHNIQUES

MATERIALS: BUILDING IS AN INNOVATIVE ARTICULATION OF LOCAL MATERIALS ( STONE, MUD, WOOD ) & ELEMENTS ( BRACKETS, MOTIFS ) WITH MODERN MATERIAL ( R.C.C, STEEL, GLASS, ETC ).

AIRPORT STAFF HOUSING, KARGILTECHNIQUES

ORIENTATION: TERRACES & GLAZING ON THE LONGER SIDE HAVE SOUTHERN

ORIENTATION FOR DIRECT SOLAR GAIN & MINIMUM OPENINGS ON THE NORTH WALL

PREVENT HEAT LOSS.

MATERIALS: COMPOSITE WALL SECTION OF CONCRETE BLOCKS, INSULATION LAYERS & STONE USED TO INCREASE THERMAL LAG.