Climate Safeguards Systems

Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Bank Operations

Al-Hamndou DorsoumaClimate Change Expert

Compliance and Safeguards Division (ORQR.3)

SESA Workshop21-22 March, 2011

Background

Context

The project is part of the implementation of the Bank Climate Risk Management and Adaptation (CRMA) strategy approved in June 2009

The CRMA aims at reducing climate vulnerability and promoting climate-resilient development in Africa

The CRMA underscores the need for AfDB to mainstream climatic risks into its project cycle.

Project objectives Developing guidelines & tools (Climate Safeguards

System) for mainstreaming CC into Bank project cycle.

Expected results The project is being implemented in 3 phases:

Screening manual Screening Tool Knowledge Base

Training sessions for Task Managers and Climate Change and Environment Specialists for tools' application are being planned

Links to ISS and SESA The Climate Safeguards System (CSS) complements the

Bank’s Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures (ESAP)

It provides project teams with additional assessments of projects’ climate vulnerabilities and risks

It provides guidance at strategic and project levels: Project level: assessment, at project early stage, of

climate risks and adaptation measures Strategic level: country’s climate vulnerability

profile and adaptation needs, in the framework of Country Strategic Paper (CSP)

Climate Screening Process

Method

A scorecards method is being used based on sector and project characteristics

Different scorecards are included in the Screening Manual and Tool

Completed scorecard provides project teams with levels of risk and required mitigation measures.

Process

Task Managers are requested to: Select scorecards according to sector and project

characteristics; Enter basic information on project, once scorecard is selected; Answer questions: possible answers are presented as a number

of options, each one with a predetermined score; Add up scores and categorize: selected option scores are added

up to obtain a total score for the project; Based on the total score, the project is classified based on its

climate vulnerability; Completed scorecard and screening summary are enclosed to

the Project Concept Note and sent to ORQR for inspection, approval, and follow up.

The screening process follows 6 steps:

Project classification The process will result into 3 types of projects:

Case studies

Transport Sector SCORECARD: Transport – Roads PROJECT: Ethiopia Bedele–Metu & Kombolcha–Bati–Mille Roads

Upgrading Project. The project is classified as CATEGORY 2 for climate adaptation.

Topic Selected Option Score 1. Damage to road infrastructure

What kind of terrain do the project roads cross?

15

2. Impact of flooding Are the project roads susceptible to flooding?

10

3. Critical infrastructure

Will the roads (after project completion) form part of the host country’s critical infrastructure?

5

4. Impact of road management practices

Does the host go vernment have the institutional capacity and/or budget for effective road management?

7

5. Design life time of the road surface

What is type of road surface is planned for the project?

10

TOTAL SCORE 47

Based on the screening exercise, a review of climate change risk and adaptation options is required, with a focus on the topics that scored highest, namely: Damage to road infrastructure.

Agriculture sector (1) SCORECARD: Agriculture – Cropping & Irrigation PROJECT: Ethiopia Koga irrigation and watershed management

project. The project is classified as CATEGORY 1Topic Selected Option Score 1. Water resource availability for irrigation

Irrigation activities are planned in an area where rainfall exceeds evaporation throughout the year

10

2. Soil erosion Some of the project activities will be implemented on a hill slope area and could intensify soil erosion

20

3. Impact of severe weather conditions on project activities

The project is located in an area with prolonged or recurrent and severe droughts and floods

20

4. Physic al infrastructures

The project includes the construction of a dam for irrigation

20

5. Building capacity in agriculture

The project is building and strengthening institutional capacity (e.g. new agricultural legislation, strengthening the agricultural capacity of environmental bodies)

5

6. Cropping and irrigation technologies and systems

The project plans to improve the irrigation and cropping systems in place (e.g. use of fertiliser, new seeds, pest -control, rotation, new cultivars, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), drought -resistant crops)

7

TOTAL SCORE 82 The evaluation should focus on : Soil erosion; impact of severe

weather conditions on project activities and physical infrastructure.

Agriculture sector (2) SCORECARD: Agriculture – Livestock PROJECT: Tuléar Fishing Communities Support Project in Madagascar.

It is classified as CATEGORY 2.

Topic Selected Option Score 1. Livestock feed Fodder or animal feed is not relevant to the

project 0

2. Physical infrastructures

The project plans the construction of infrastructure with an expected frequency of maintenance and replacement that is less than 20 years (e.g. animal husbandry, breeding stations, for production and distribution centres, aquaculture facilities, wharfs and associated facilities, sanitation facilities, water boreholes and reservoir)

15

3. Capacity building in livestock management

The project encompasses building and strengthening institutional capacity (e.g. new legislation, environmental bodies, resource development and management plan)

10

4. Livestock breeding system

The project plans to improve current breeding system (e.g. selection of breeds, improve reproductive and growth performance)

10

5. Pest and disease prevention and control

Pest and disease prevention and control are not relevant for the project

0

TOTAL SCORE 35

The review should focus on physical infrastructure.

Water sector Scorecard: ‘Water’ Project : Small Towns and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Project in Kenya. The project is classified as CATEGORY 1

The evaluation should focus on the topics that scored highest, namely: Asset lifetime; water resources; and resources variability

Energy sector (1) SCORECARD: Energy – excluding hydroelectric generation PROJECT: Burkina Faso Rural Electrification project. It is classified as

CATEGORY 2.

The review of climate change risk and adaptation options should focus mainly on the topics that scored highest, namely: Risk of flooding

Energy sector (2) SCORECARD: Energy – Hydroelectric generation PROJECT: Sahanivotry Hydroelectric Power Station Project The project is classified as CATEGORY 1 for climate adaptation.

The evaluation should focus on water availability in the catchment area; and asset life time

Country Adaptation Factsheets

Country Adaptation Factsheets A Country Adaptation Fact Sheet (CAFS) is a short (3-4

pages) document giving an overview of climate risks, climate variability and change, and adaptation information at the country scale.

The CAFS provides information on: current climate risks; recent trends; future scenarios; and adaptation needs

It provides a point of entry for country teams to familiarise themselves with the key climate related issues facing the country, thereby enabling the team to put the relevant issues on the agenda when developing or updating the Country Strategy Paper (CSP).

Case Study:Tanzania Current climate: Basic indicators of climate-related risks

Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d) Current climate: Tanzania has a tropical climate with

regional variations due to topography. Temperatures range from 17-25°C (e.g. Dar es Salaam).

Highland regions are more temperate (e.g. Mbeya, 20‐23°C).

Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d) Current climate: The amount of rainfall across Tanzania

varies greatly between regions, and can be as much as 300 mm per month in the wettest regions and seasons.

Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d) Recent climate trends: the mean annual temperature

has increased by approximately 1.0°C since 1960. Increasing trends in the frequency of hot days, but

much larger increasing trends in the frequency of hot nights, especially from December to February

Significant decreasing trends in annual rainfall, notably in the ‘long’ rains (March to May): annual rainfall has decreased at an average rate of 2.8mm per month per decade (3.3%)

The greatest annual decreases have occurred in the southern most parts of Tanzania.

It’s currently difficult to say anything conclusive about changes in extreme rainfall events.

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d) Future scenarios: GCMs projections show increase of mean

annual temperature by 1.0 to 2.7°C by the 2060s, and 1.5 to 4.5°C by the 2090s

Changes in sea levels rise, especially for Zanzibar and Bagamayo, GCM projections indicate increases in annual rainfall. Scenarios and

abnormalities are shown below

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d) Adaptation planning: The number of climate adaptation

projects taking place in Tanzania is rapidly increasing, particularly in water, agriculture sectors.

However coordination of these efforts remains limited.

The NAPA process in Tanzania (completed in 2007) identified some early adaptation priorities, such as:

Increasing food security;

Increasing water security;

Coastal groundwater management;

Reforestation on mountain slopes;

Livelihood diversification.

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d) Adaptation planning: Overview of international funded climate

projects in Tanzania

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d) Adaptation planning: Overview of current key actors

working on climate change and adaptation

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Adaptation planning: Additional documentation that may be needed to inform the adaptation planning process, include: Climate change assessment Stakeholder network map: Sectoral vulnerability assessments Disaster risk assessment Economic analysis of adaptation options Adaptation project inventory

Conclusion The outcome of CSS will have implications for Bank’s

ESAP, as climate change needs to be looked at two different angles: Assessment of impacts of projects on climate change Assessment of impacts of climate change on projects.

The CSS brings additional analysis on climate risks, aiming at increasing the consideration of climate change in project design and minimizing the impacts of climate change on projects

This contributes also to incorporate best practices on adaptation into SESA process.

The current exercise will be completed by August 2011, with the outlook to be incorporated into the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS)

For more information:Web site:

www.afdb.org E-mail:

climatechange@afdb.org