Climate Responsive Building Envelops for Museums and Galleries

IAMFA 2013Climate Responsive Building Envelops for Museums and Galleries

Chris ArkinsEmrah Baki Ulas

STEENSEN VARMING

If a building becomes architecture, then it is art. Clearly if a building is not functionally and technically in order, then it isn’t architecture either, it’s just a building. Arne Jacobsen

Mechanical EngineeringLighting DesignSustainable DesignElectrical Engineering

CopenhagenLondonSydneyHong KongNew York

Level 8, 9 Castlereagh StreetSydney, NSW, 2000, Australiat : +61 / 02 9967 2200e : [email protected]

STEENSEN VARMING

Climate Responsive Design

‘Outside the Box’

Varying Climates� New York� Los Angeles� Sydney� Canberra � Hong Kong � Copenhagen� Denmark

‘The Box’

Building Construction� Light / Medium / Heavy Weight� Rate of Change� Building air tightness� Hydroscopic effect of thermal mass

Optimum Solution

‘Inside the Box’

Industry accepted Setpoint vs Rescheduled Setpoints

- The Box

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Our BoxLake Burley Griffin

Office Wing

Main Entrance

Gallery

King Edward Terrace

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Our Box

Building Area = 14,577 m² / 160,000 ft²

Gallery Space = 2,929 m²BOH / Store = 671 m²Office/Admin = 1,087 m²Cafe = 249 m²Entry/Foyer = 756 m²Auditorium = 513 m²Car Park / Plnt = 7,873 m²Other = 552 m²

20%4%

7%

2%5%

4%

54%

4%

Gallery

BOH

Office

Café

Entry/Foyer

Auditorium and Function

Car Park and Plant

Other

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Our Box

44%

9%

16%

4%

11%

8%

8%

Gallery

BOH

Office

Café

Entry/Foyer

Auditorium and Function

Other

Building Area = 14,577 m²

Gallery Space = 2,929 m²BOH / Store = 671 m²Office/Admin = 1,087 m²Cafe = 249 m²Entry/Foyer = 756 m²Auditorium = 513 m²Car Park / Plnt = 7,873 m²Other = 552 m²

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3D Model

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Building Zones

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EquipmentLights

People

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Sen

sibl

e Lo

ad

MEETING ROOMS

Equipment

Lights

People

Weekday Diversified Load Profiles

Plant Hours

Weekday - 9am to 7pm

Weekend - Off

Design Loads (peak)

People - 33 W/m²Equipment - 10 W/m²

Lights - 15 W/m²

� Diversified loads for people, lights and equipment for each zone� Different load and occupancy profiles for weekdays and weekends� Hours of operation

� 9am -7pm (Non Critical spaces)� 24/7 (Close Control areas)

Load Profiles

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� Test reference year� Hourly data

Weather DataDirect Solar Vs. Diffuse Solar

Region - Sydney - Relatively Clear Sky

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100

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%(g

rey)

- O

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gree

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global diffuse cloud cover Temp

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Climates

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Canberra

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Sydney

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Hong Kong

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Copenhagen

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New York

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Los Angeles

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Temperature Range

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Results

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‘The Box’

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‘The Box’External Wall Constructions

Light Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� Internal Lining

U-Value� 0.28 W/m².K

Thermal Lag� 6.1 hrs

Medium Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� 180mm Core filled Concrete blocks

� Ventilated air gap� Internal lining



Heavy Weight� External Cladding� Insulation� 250mm Core filled Concrete blocks

� Ventilated air gap� Internal lining



Light Weight� Internal lining� Studs� Internal lining



Internal Wall Constructions

Heavy Weight� 180mm Core filled Concrete blocks



Heavy Weight� 250mm Core filled Concrete blocks



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Mass of Structure

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Infiltration

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Rate of Change

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Moisture Buffering

Material

Water vapour

permeability

δ

Density

ρ

Moisture capacity

ξ

Calculated moisture

effusivity at 20 °C

bm

kg/(m s Pa) kg/m3 kg/kg kg/(m2 Pa s1/2)

Pine 1 · 10-12 450 0.0800 1.24 · 10-7

Beech 1 · 10-12 700 0.0750 1.50 · 10-7

Oak 1 · 10-12 740 0.0600 1.38 · 10-7

Unfired brick 30 · 10-12 1500 0.0300 7.60 · 10-7

Aerated concrete 30 · 10-12 650 0.0661 7.42 · 10-7

Concrete 2 · 10-12 2300 0.0300 2.43 · 10-7

Yellow brick 15 · 10-12 1680 0.0050 2.32 · 10-7

�� = 0.0568 ∙ �� ∙ � ∙ �� g/(m2 %RH)

� =�∙�∙�

��kg/(m2 Pa s1/2)

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Hydroscopic Effect of Mass

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Sydney

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

0,013

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year

Calculated indoor moisture content in each time step

before adjusting to control set-point

Contemporary gallery - Sydney climate

Inactive surface Hygroscopic surface Moisture set-point

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Canberra

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year



Contemporary gallery - Canberra climate


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Hong Kong

0,003

0,005

0,007

0,009

0,011

0,013

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0,017

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year



Contemporary gallery - Hong Kong climate


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Los Angeles

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year



Contemporary gallery - Los Angeles climate


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New York

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

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1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year



Contemporary gallery - New York climate


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Copenhagen

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0,008

0,009

0,01

0,011

0,012

1 745 1489 2233 2977 3721 4465 5209 5953 6697 7441 8185

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t [k

g/k

g d

ry a

ir]

Hour in year



Contemporary gallery - Copenhagen climate


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Hydroscopic Effect of Mass

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100%

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lati

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av

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co

ntr

ol

Ab

solu

te e

ne

rgy

sa

vin

g o

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um

idit

y c

on

tro

l [k

Wh

/ye

ar]

Part of total internal surface area with aerated concrete [%]

Absolut savings Relative savings

30 % corresponding

to total wall area

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‘Inside the Box’

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‘Inside the Box’� Industry accepted set point

� 20°C/68°F 50% RH

� Seasonally adjusted set point

� 23°C /73°F 55% RH (Summer)� 21.5°C/70°F 50% RH (Mid Season)� 20°C /68°F 45% RH (Winter)

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Results

STEENSEN VARMING

IAMFA 2013Climate Responsive Design for Museums and Galleries

Chris ArkinsEmrah Baki Ulas steensenvarming.com

Climate Responsive Building Envelops for Museums and Galleries

Engineering

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