CLIMATE is what you expect WEATHER is what you get, weather is the exact state of the atmosphere at...
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CLIMATE is what you expect
WEATHER is what you get,
weather is the exact state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
weather elements: air temperature, air pressure, humidity, clouds, precipitation, visibility, wind
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Infrared Satellite Image from 9 am
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Climate is simply the statistics of weather: at right are 3 ways to view
Sea-Tac’s observed daily temperatures from
the past year
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“Snow Water” as of January 4, 2011
http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/snotelanom/basinswe.html
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Climate
The statistics of weather at a particular place for a specified window of time
• examples:– monthly averaged temperature and precipitation– average number of cloudy days per month– frequency of snow days (number per year)
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weather and climate in our lives
• Weather dictates our activities, the clothes we wear, etc.
• Climate dictates the clothes we buy or what we pack for a vacation, and it dictates the infrastructure we build (hydropower dams, reservoirs for water supplies etc.)
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Climate may vary over long time periods
Last glacialmaximum18,000 years ago
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Climate Variability
Climate varies from season-to-season, year-to-year, decade-to-decade …
April-September
October-March
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Climate Variations and this class
• This class focuses on the “unexpected” part of climate: climate variations in timeclimate variations in time– Natural climate variabilityNatural climate variability– Human caused (anthropogenic) climate Human caused (anthropogenic) climate
changechange
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Issues Defining Decision Support Issues Defining Decision Support Needs in the Pacific NorthwestNeeds in the Pacific Northwest
• Water suppliesWater supplies– Heavy reliance on winter snowpack
– Limited reservoir storage capacity
– Multiple conflicting demands during summer low-flow season
– Vulnerability to droughts (region-wide) and winter flooding (west of the Cascades)
• Endangered speciesEndangered species– Important economically and culturally (tribal rights)
– Listed species in coastal, rural, and urban areas
– Fish compete with hydropower, irrigation, and M&I water needs
– Protection requires reshaping water, land management choices
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Issues Defining Decision Support Issues Defining Decision Support Needs in the PNW (cont’d)Needs in the PNW (cont’d)
• ForestsForests– Important (but declining) part of PNW economy– Interior forests vulnerable to wild fire– High existence and ecosystem service values
• Coasts and EstuariesCoasts and Estuaries– Development pressures on coastal wetlands and
shorelines– Water pollution impacts on local estuaries (impacts on
endangered species and shellfish industry)
• PopulationPopulation – Rapid population growth (recent and forecasted) in
western WA and OR– Development pressures on sensitive areas
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Equatorial Pacific SeaEquatorial Pacific SeaSurfaceTemperatureSurfaceTemperature
FF El NinoEl Nino
FF NormalNormal
FF La NinaLa Nina
Dec 97
Dec 90
Dec 88FF NOAA/PMELNOAA/PMEL
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El Niño has big El Niño has big impacts!impacts!
But they are not the But they are not the same everywhere, or same everywhere, or
in every El Niño in every El Niño eventevent
From the Sacramento BeeAugust 1997
Sacramento Bee, August 1997
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Californian’s were touched by El Niño in 1982-1983
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• What will climate be like in the future?
• What might climate change mean for the Earth and its inhabitants?
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What about the future?
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Pop-culture perspectives
Perhaps this is a good read, but it is not good science
Likewise, the Day After Tomorrow scenario might
make for a fun movie, but it presents an extremely
unlikely impact of global warming at a ridiculous rate
of change
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