1. Outline Introduction The science of globalwarming Who is to blame? Climate crisis in thePhilippines Half Measures & FalseSolutions Peoples responses Our calls

2. Weatherthe particular state of the atmosphere in a certainregion at a certain time. e.g. Rainy, windy, sunny, cloudyClimatethe long term weather trend of a certain region over atime period e.g. Tropical, temperate Climate Change change in the state of the climate that can beidentified by changes in the mean and/or thevariability of its properties, and that persists for anextended period, typically decades or longer Warming of the climate system is unequivocal 3. Temperature riseRise in temperature wasunprecedented since 18501900s hottest century1995 to 2006, (except1996)-- hottest decade2005 and 1998 hottestyears;Increase in temperature inthe last 50 years was twicefaster than last 100 years 4. Sea level rise 5. Melting snow and iceMinimum arctic sea-ice extent from 1979 to 2007 6. Extreme weather events Increasing Strength and frequency of Typhoons (Category 4/5)Source: Science Magazine, Sep 16, 2005 7. Vulnerability Factors and conditionsadversely affecting the abilityof the community torespond,cope with or recovereasily from disaster events. High Poverty Incidence High Inflation Rates Low wages despite theincreasing daily cost of living High unemployment andunderemployment rate Landlessness/Inequitabledistribution of countrysresources 8. Poor countries like the Philippines are vulnerableto enhanced hazards due to climate change Impacts are worse100% 80% Lack of Percentage affected 60% LDC financial,institutional and Deving CIT technological capacity and 40% Deved access to knowledge 20%0% Impact disproportionately 1970s1980s1990s2000supon poor within countries 4,000Exacerbates inequities inNumber affected (Millions)3,000health status and access to2,000 Deved CIT Devingadequate food, clean water LDCand other resources. 1,000- 1970s1980s1990s 2000s 9. Climate Change in the Philippines From 27 typhoons during the period 2000-2003, thenumber ominously increased to 39 from 2004-2007 The typhoons are getting stronger and stronger, especiallysince the late 1990s. Typhoon signal no. 4 is a fairly recentcategory. Total damages brought about by typhoons increased by408% from 2003 to 2006 Seven of the 20 deadliest typhoons in the Philippinescovering the period 1947-2006 occurred in 1990-2006 10. Greenhouse effect Increasing levels of GHGs in the atmosphere make for a warmer world leading to abrupt changes in climate! Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap heat from the sun to keep the Earth warm.CO2 N2O CO2 CO2 HFCs Methane N2ONitrous OxideCO2 CH4CH4Carbon Dioxide HFCs CH4NO2 CH N2O PFCs SF6CO2CO2 CO2 4 CH4 CO2 2COSF6CO2CO2COSF6SF6 2HFCsH2OPFCsWater vapor UNEP 11. GHG gases Generated byCarbon Dioxide Fossil fuel combustion, land clearing for (CO2) agriculture, cement production Livestock production, extraction of fossil fuels,Methane (CH4) rice cultivation, landfills, sewageNitrous Oxide (N2O) Industrial processes, fertilizer useHydrofluoro- Leakage from refrigerators, aerosols, aircarbons (HFCs) conditioners Aluminum production, semiconductor Perfluoro-carbons industrySulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Electrical insulationmagnesium smelting 12. Surging GHG emissions 13. US and other imperialist countries US is the largest emtter in volume and per capita 14. Transnational corporations 1998, 4 out of the 11 biggest 2004, the 10 biggest oil TNCs inproducers of oil are TNCs (BP the US control around 55% ofAmoco-Arco, Exxon Mobil,the oil production while the topRoyal Dutch Shell at Chevron- 50 controls 77%Texaco). 2006, Exxon Mobil Corporation 2005, oil TNCs like British reported TNC having thePetroleum, Exxon Mobil, Shell biggest GHG emission in theworld (150 million tons-6thDutch controls 18% of global oillargest if it were a country ) reservesand a net profit of $39.5 billion TNCs owns the biggest from gross income of $377.6agricultural plantations, logging billioncorporations, large dams, energyplants, etc.. 15. Role of International financeInternationalcapital Finance Stimulate production andsale of consumer goods Cover debt service burdenand budgetary deficits Developing countriesforced to followprescriptions of the IMFand the WB which open upresources and markets 16. Philippine Government Large scale plunder of theenvironment Without benefit to the majority of our people Benefits only a small segment of society Government policiesaggravates our climatevulnerability Biofuels Act Oil deregulation law Mining Act 1995 EPIRA Forestry Code Neoliberal Globalization Corruption 17. Philippine GHG emissionsGHGs in RP 1999, Philippines emitted75,998,000 metric tons of CO2or 0.3% of world totalemission. From 1990 to 1999 our CO2emission increased by 72%. Currently we have a higherCO2 emission than someindustrialized countries likeSwitzerland (0.1%), NewZealand (0.1%), Sweden(0.2%), Ireland (0.2%) andNorway (0.2%), and also tosome oil producing countries(OPEC members) like Bahrain(0.1%), Libya (0.2%), Nigeria(0.2%) and Kuwait (0.2%) 18. Climate change timeline 1970 First Earth Day. Environmental movementattains strong influence, spreads concern aboutglobal degradation. 1979: First World Climate Conference adoptsclimate change as major issue and calls ongovernments "to foresee and prevent potentialmanmade changes in climate. 1985: First major international conference on thegreenhouse effect at Villach, Austria, warns thatgreenhouse gases will "in the first half of the nextcentury, cause a rise of global mean temperaturewhich is greater than any in mans history." 19. 1990 First IPCC report says world hasbeen warming and future warming seemslikely. Industry lobbyists and somescientists dispute the tentativeconclusions. 1992: Climate Change Convention, signedby 154 nations in Rio, agrees to prevent "dangerous" warming from greenhouse gases and sets initial target of reducing emissions from industrialised countries to 1990 levels by the year 2000. 20. United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) Ultimate Objective is the"stabilization of greenhouse gasconcentrations in theatmosphere at a level that wouldprevent dangerousanthropogenic human-inducedinterference with the climatesystem. Overarching Principle: Equityand Common but DifferentiatedResponsibilities 21. UNFCCC and KYOTO PROTOCOL International agreement under theUnited Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) reduce GHG emissions, on average byabout 5% between 2008-2012 relativeto 1990 The flexibility mechanisms Funding mechanisms to assistdeveloping countries 175 countries except US and Australia(Australia later signed on Kyoto) 22. PREAMBLE ...Noting that the largest share of historical andcurrent global emissions of greenhouse gases hasoriginated in developed countries, that per capitaemissions in developing countries are still relativelylow, and that the share of global emissions originatingin developing countries will grow to meet their socialand development needs 23. PRINCIPLES Article 3.2 specific needs and special circumstances ofdeveloping country Parties that are particularly vulnerableto the adverse effects of climate change Article 3.3 Precautionary measures: comprehensiveresponse, socio-economic contexts, comprise all economicsectors Article 3.4 sustainable development; policies toprotect the climate system should be integrated withnational development programs, taking into accountthat economic development is essential for adoptingmeasures to address climate change. 24. Commitment onFinancial Resources,Art 4.3-4.4 Developed country Parties shall provide newand additional financial resources to Meet the agreed full costs incurred by developingcountry Parties in preparing their nationalcommunications Meet the agreed full incremental costs ofimplementation of obligations under Article 4.1 Taking into account the need for adequacy andpredictability in the flow of funds, and the importanceof appropriate burden sharing among the developedcountry Parties. 25. Commitment onAdaptation Article 4.4 Developed country Parties shall also assist thedeveloping country Parties that are particularlyvulnerable to the adverse effects of climate changein meeting costs of adaptation to those adverseeffects. Financing of adaptation is a commitment, not aconcession, or social responsibility, or an act ofcharity. Particular vulnerabilities defined in theConvention (Arts. 4.8, 4.9, 4.10; 26. Technology Transfer,Article 4.5 Developed country Partiesshall take all practicable stepsto promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, thetransfer of, or access to, environmentally soundtechnologies and know-how to other Parties, particularlydeveloping country Parties.. support the development and enhancement ofendogenous capacities and technologies of developingcountry Parties Other Parties and organizations may also assist infacilitating the transfer of such technologies. 27. Short termCommunity based disasterresponseCapacity building forLong termvulnerable communitiesDefend our patrimony andPopularize and implementcommunities against foreignproper and sustainable use of and local plunderour natural resourcesWork for social change mass education campaigns incommunities on the root structural and systematic;causes, consequences andtowards a society where humangenuine solutions to climaterights, national patrimony,changegenuine land reform, and national industrialization ispursued 28. Deep and drastic cuts by the worlds top current andhistorical emitters Protect our environment and national resources fromimperialist plunder Uphold the right of nations to advance and develop insustainable and ecological manner, ensure selfsufficiency in food and agriculture Defend our peoples rights to access and control thecommons, genuine agrarian reform Work towards self-reliant ustainable, independentand progressive local economy. 29. In the end, those gambling in Las Vegas lose morethan they gain. As a society, we are gambling with our big banks, with our nuclear powerfacilities, with our planet. As in Las Vegas, thelucky few - the bankers that put our economy atrisk and the owners of energy companies that putour planet at risk - may walk off with a mint. Buton average and almost certainly, we as a society,like all gamblers, will lose.-Joseph Stiglitz 30. Multisectoral formations Philippine Climate WatchAlliance: broad, national Peoples Action on Climate cChange: International Peoples Movement onClimate Change:International, PeoplesProtocol on ClimateChange 31. Let us act now! 32. Maraming salamat po!