CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR · WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRATEGIES FOR THE REDUCTION...
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CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR Overall potential, options and case studies Anne Mottet, Livestock Policy Officer, FAO-AGAL
Transcript of CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR · WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRATEGIES FOR THE REDUCTION...
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR
Overall potential, options and case studies
Anne Mottet, Livestock Policy Officer, FAO-AGAL
FAO’S WORK ON GHG EMISSIONS IN THE
LIVESTOCK SECTOR TO IDENTIFY LOW
EMISSION PATHWAYS
Produce disaggregated assessments of emissions and mitigation potential
Carry out economic analyses of mitigation costs and benefits
Engage in multi-stakeholder initiatives on methods and practice change
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Pierre Gerber (team leader), Henning Steinfeld, Benjamin Henderson, Carolyn
Opio, Anne Mottet, Tim Robinson, Alessandra Falcucci, Giuseppe Tempio,
Michael MacLeod (SRUC), Theun Vellinga (WUR)…
GLEAM GLOBAL LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT ACCOUNTING
MODEL
• Life Cycle Assessment modelling
• Cradle to retail, all major sources of emissions included
• Computes emissions at local level (cells on a map)
• Can generate averages and ranges at different scales
• Developed at FAO, in collaboration with other partners
• Allows for scenario analysis
A tool to improve the quantification of GHG emissions from livestock supply chains
Will be expanded to other livestock-environment interactions (e.g. land use, nutrients, water)
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MITIGATION POTENTIAL
• Statistical analysis: mitigation potential of ca. 30% Bridging the emission intensity gap without system change
• Case studies: designed on anticipated positive effects on producers income, food security, and broader environmental performance. Mitigation potential of 10 to 45 % for constant output
• Soil carbon sequestration: 0.4 to 0.5 Gt (7% of baseline emissions), often resulting in an increased production of grass
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BRIDGING THE EFFICIENCY GAP
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32% mitigation if producers in a given region,
farming system and agro-ecological zone
applied the production practices of the 10%
producers having lowest emission intensity
FAO, 2013
Distribution of intensive broiler supply chains according to their emission intensity in temperate zones of East and Southeast
Asia
CASE STUDIES: MITIGATION
PACKAGES
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Mixed dairy - Feed quality - Health & husbandry
Commercial pigs - Manure management - Energy efficiency - Feed quality, health and husbandry
Specialized beef - Pasture quality & C sequestration - Health and husbandry
Small ruminants - Forage quality - Health & husbandry - Grazing management
Mixed dairy OECD - Lipids - Anaerobic digestion - Energy efficiency
CASE STUDIES: MITIGATION
POTENTIAL
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Mixed dairy -120 Mt CO2
Commercial pigs -52 to -71 Mt CO2
Specialized beef -190 to -310 Mt CO2 Small ruminants
-8 Mt to -12 Mt CO2
Mixed dairy OECD -54 to -66 Mt CO2
18-29%
28-36% 38%
27-41%
14-17%
IMPROVING GRASSLAND
MANAGEMENT
Ruminant forage off take rates adjusted, to maximize NPP (Century Model, Colorado State University)
Sequestration of 409 to 585 Mt CO2-eq
37% under-utilized (baseline offtake < optimal offtake)
47% over-utilized (baseline offtake > optimal offtake)
16% optimally utilized (baseline offtake = optimal offtake)
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MITIGATION POTENTIAL
Exists for all species, systems and regions
System change is not required
Strong correlation between mitigation and productivity gains, especially among ruminant systems operating at low productivity
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WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRATEGIES FOR
THE REDUCTION OF EMISSION
INTENSITIES?
• Ruminants – animal level: feed digestibility and balancing, health, genetics
– herd level: maintenance to production ratio
– production unit level: grazing management
– supply chain level: energy use efficiency, waste minimization and recycling
• Monogastrics – animal level: feed balancing, health, genetics
– production unit level: source low Ei feed and energy
– supply chain level: energy use efficiency, waste minimization and recycling
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EMISSION INTENSITIES OR NET
EMISSIONS?
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time
trends
Demand for animal products
Average Ei, BAU
Average Ei, mitigation
Sector’s emissions, BAU
Sector’s emissions, mitigation
Increased demand for
animal products, mitigation?
?
?
CONCLUDING REMARKS
• A vast range of mitigation practices is already available
• Implementation will require policies but also education, awareness raising and incentives for technology transfer
• Quantification and inventory methods (common metrics): to provide the right incentives
• Design of tailored mitigation packages
– supply chain modeling / area wide modeling
– economics of mitigation
– tradeoffs with adaptation and other environmental concerns
• Move the Ei frontier: R&D (e.g. Ei gap assessment, technology break through)
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