CLIMATE CHANGE MAINSTREAMING GUIDELINES AGRICULTURE ...

CLIMATECHANGEMAINSTREAMINGGUIDELINES

AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES SECTOR

CONTENTS

FOREWORD..........................................................................................................................................iiACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................................................................iii

1.0GARISSACOUNTYBACKGROUNDINFORMATION........................................................51.1LocationandAdministrativeUnits......................................................................................51.2ClimateandTopography..........................................................................................................61.3Population.....................................................................................................................................61.4EconomicActivities...................................................................................................................61.5ForestCoverandwildlife.........................................................................................................61.6WaterandSanitationsituation..............................................................................................71.7WasteManagement...................................................................................................................71.8Energysituation..........................................................................................................................7

2.0 MAINTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR INGARISSACOUNTY..............................................................................................................................82.1Introduction..................................................................................................................................82.2RationaleforClimateChangeMainstreamingintheAgricultureSector..............9

3.0RISKSANDIMPACTSOFCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTOR.....93.1CropProductionSub-Sector...................................................................................................93.2LivestockSub-Sector...............................................................................................................103.3FisheriesSub-sector................................................................................................................11

4.0STRATEGIESANDGUIDELINESFORMAINSTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTORINWAJIRCOUNTY.................................................................12

ClimateChangeMainstreamingGuidelines|AgricultureSector

Green Africa Foundationwas founded in Kenya in theyear 2000 with a focus of implementing practicalcommunitydrivenprojectstowardsgreeningAfrica.Theorganizationhasactivelybeenimplementinganumberof projects covering; Climate Change, Policy Advocacy,Environmental Conservation, Agriculture, Water andEnergy.Theorganizationhasbeenveryinstrumentalinpolicy advocacy that has seen through a number ofpolicies coming to fruition both at the county and thenationallevelandwithagendaofmainstreamingclimatechangeatthecountyleveltakingprecedence.

TheprojectthatenabledtheformulationoftheseguidelineswasaDFIDStARCK+Extension Programme, funded through theAct ChangeTransform (Act! -NRMcomponent)andimplementedbyGreenAfricaFoundation.Theproject'soverallgoal was to consolidate prior efforts towards completion of climate changelegislation and cross sectoral coordination for enhanced climate changemainstreaming.Theobjectivewastosupportselectedcounties,namelyGarissa,Marsabit andWajir tomove forwardwith completion of their climate changelegislations and also develop the sectoral climate change mainstreamingguidelinesforprioritysectorswithaviewtohelpgiveinputtothereviewprocessofcountiesCIDPs2018-2022.Thisobjectivewasachievedthroughaprogrammaticapproachand inpartnershipbetweenGreenAfricaFoundationand thecountygovernments of Garissa, Marsabit and Wajir, as well as other stakeholdersincluding national government agencies, the private sector and Civil SocietyOrganizations.

TheseguidelinesareintendedtoassisttheCountyGovernmentofGarissatoattainclimatechangemainstreaminginthewaterandsanitationsectorbyprovidingaframework for integrating climate change responses for the sector into countyplanningprocesses,especiallythe2017-2022CIDP,aswellasotherprocessessuchasperformancecontractingandbudgetmaking.

ISAACP.KALUAPhD,CBS|CHAIRPERSONGREENAFRICAFOUNDATION

FOREWORD

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Hon.CECEnvironmentandNaturalResourceGarissaCountyGovernment

GarissaCountyGovernmentwishestothanktheUKDepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)forthefinancialsupporttowardsimplementingthisprojecttogetherwiththeActChangeTransform(ACT!)throughtheENRMcomponentwhocloselysupervisedandguidedtheimplementationprocess.

Furthergratitude to theCountyGovernmentofGarissawhere thisprojectwasimplemented through the County departments of: Environment & NaturalResources,Agriculture&Livestock,Water,Energy,DisasterResponseUnit,Health,OfficeoftheCountySecretary,CountyAssemblyrelevantcommitteesandallotherdepartmentsinvolved.

To the Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Wildlife Service, Kenya Forest ResearchInstitute, WARMA, local Community Based Organizations, Non-governmentalOrganizations and Private Sectors who sent representatives who contributedimmensely to this process, we highly and sincerely appreciate your valuablecontribution.Mr.AbdirahmanKusowofWomenKind,Garissa,mayGodblessyouand reward your effort and commitment towards ensuring this processwas asuccess.

WethankthefollowingGreenAfricaFoundationTeamfortheircontinuoussupportandinputtotheprocess;Mr.MiltonOgada,Mr.JohnKioli,Ms.GladysNjeri,Ms.MonikaMasinziandMr.AlexanderMatuku.Theirdedicationandpositivespiritmadethisworkpossible.

Finally,weareverygratefultoMr.GerphasOpondowhowastheleadconsultantinthisprojectandwasinstrumentalindraftingthedocument.Mr.FredrickOnyangowhoprovidedresearchsupportservicesaswellas layoutanddesigningofthisdocumentcannotbeleftunappreciated.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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DISCLAIMER

Much attention has been taken in the production of this Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Sector Climate Change Mainstreaming Guidelines Document, however it is provided as general information only and specific advice should be sought on any particular situation. Green Africa Foundation, DFID, ACT! And all other institutions mentioned here disclaims all liability, whether for negligence or otherwise, for any loss, expense, damage or injury caused by any or reliance on this information.

Copyright©2018CountyGovernment

This project was supported by Department for International Development (DFID) - UKAID through

Act Change Transform (ACT!) and implemented by Green Africa Foundation in partnership with the local

stakeholder and the Garissa County Government .

1.1LocationandAdministrativeUnits

GarissaCountyisoneofthethreecountiesintheNorthEasternregionofKenya.Itcoversanareaof44,174.1Km2andliesbetweenlatitude1058'Nand201'Sandlongitude38034'Eand41032'E.ThecountyborderstheRepublicofSomaliatotheeast,LamuCountytothesouth,TanaRiverCountytothewest,IsioloCountytotheNorthWestandWajirCountytothenorth.GarissaCountyhassixsub-countiesnamely:Fafi,GarissaTownship,Ijara,Lagdera,BalambalaandDadaab.

1.0 GARISSA COUNTY BACKGROUND INFORMATION

MapofGarissaCounty

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1.2ClimateandTopographyGarissaCounty isgenerallycharacterizedbyhightemperaturesthroughouttheyearandrangefrom200Cto380Cwiththeaveragetemperaturebeing360C.ThehottestmonthsareSeptember,January,FebruaryandMarch,whilethemonthsofApriltoAugustarerelativelycooler.Thehumidityaverages60g/m3inthemorningand55g/m3intheafternoon. GarissaCountyisprincipallyasemi-aridareaandreceivesanaveragerainfallof275mmperyear.Therearetworainyseasons,thelongrainsfromOctobertoDecemberandtheshortrainsfromMarchtoMay.Thedry season is usually marked with a general migration of livestock from thehinterland toareasnearRiverTanawherewater is readilyavailable.However,somepastoralistsmovewiththeirlivestocktoadjacentcountiesofTanaRiverandLamuinsearchofpasture.TheCounty isbasically flat and low lyingwith fewhillsand rocks, valleysandmountainsandrisesfromalowaltitudeof20mto400mabovesealevel.ThemajorphysicalfeaturesaretheseasonallaghaswaterwaysandtheTanaRiverBasinonthewesternside.

1.3PopulationAccordingtotheKenya2009PopulationandHousingCensus,GarissaCountywasprojectedtohaveatotalpopulationof849,457in2017.Theaveragepopulationdensityis16personsperkm2inthecountywithGarissaTownshipConstituencyhavingthehighestpopulationdensityof194personspersquarekilometer.ThecountyissparselypopulatedwithmajorityofthepopulationbeingconcentratedinareaswithinfrastructuralfacilitiessuchasGarissaTownship.

1.4EconomicActivitiesThemainincomegeneratingactivitiespracticedinthecountyincludessmallscaleirrigation crop farming, livestock keeping, fish farming, mining, tourism, andtrading. Livestock rearing is the backbone of the county's economy. Themainlivestockbredarecattle(Boran),goats(Galla),sheep(blackheadedPersian)andcamel(dromedaryonehumped).Themainlivestockproductsaremeat,milk,hidesand skins. The main crops grown are: watermelons, mangoes, vegetables,tomatoes,pawpaws,bananas,cowpeas,simsim,maize,beansandgreengrams.

1.5ForestCoverandWildlifeGarissa County has two non-gazetted indigenous forests, namely Boni andWoodlands,mostofwhicharewoodytreesandshrubswhicharemainlybrowsedbycamelsandgoatsand tosomeextentbygrazers likecattleandsheep. Thecountyhas40CommunityForestAssociations(CFAs)whicharecurrentlyinactive.Themainwildanimaltypesfoundinthecountyare:Elephants,Lions,Cheetahs,Leopards, Hippopotamus, Crocodiles, Grants Gazelles, Thompson Gazelle,Gerenuk,servocatJackals,SpottedHyena,Buffalos,GreyZebras,Topi,Reticulated

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Giraffes,white Giraffes, Dik-dik, Hirolas,Wild dogs,Warthogs,Monkeys, birds,butterfliesandBaboonswhichmovefreelysincetheyarenotconfinedtoparks.

1.6WaterandSanitationSituationThe main sources of water in Garissa County are River Tana, shallow wells,boreholes,waterpansandonedamwiththemainsupplieroftreatedwaterbeingGarissa Water and Sewerage Company (GAWASCO). The other water supplyschemes aremanaged byWater Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) alongRiver Tana. The county is generally water scarce with acute water shortagesexperiencedduringthedryseason.

GarissaCountyiswaterscarcewithonly23.8percentofthepopulationhavingaccess to safe water. Access to piped water is limited to the sub-countyheadquarterswhereapproximately27,725householdshaveconnection.ThemainsourcesofwaterinthecountyisRiverTana,springsandboreholes,seasonallaghasandtheaveragedistancetothenearestwaterpointis25Km.InGarissaCountyonly49.37 per cent of the population use pit latrineswhile 50. 63 per cent of thepopulationusesothermeansofsanitationsuchasopendefecationinbushes.Thishasoftenledtospreadofdiseasessuchascholera. Asmallerpercentageofthepopulationisconnectedtosewerandseptictanks.

1.7WasteManagementThemostprevalentmethodofwastedisposalamongtheresidentsisthroughopensurfacedumpingat59.9%followedbyopenburningat25.1%andburyingat15%.Thisimpliesthatthereisnopropermanagementandavailablelegislation/lawsinplaceinthecounty.

1.8EnergySituationAbout78.8percentofthecounty'spopulationusefirewoodasasourceofenergyfor cooking purposes while 18.2 per cent of the population uses charcoal.ElectricityisonlyavailableinGarissa,Ijara,Dadaab,BuraEastandModogashe,andtheirenvironswithonly0.7percentofthepopulationhavingaccesstoelectricity.InHulugho,plansareunderwaytoinstalltwogeneratorstosupplypower.TheMinistryofEnergyanddepartmentofenvironmentandnaturalresource,GarissaCounty has also installed solar power systems in institutions such as healthfacilities,schoolsandwateringpoints.Theuseofrenewablesourcesofenergysuchasbiogas,windandsolarremainlowinthecountyandthepotentialisextremelyhigh.

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2.0 MAINTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR INGARISSACOUNTY

2.1IntroductionLikeothercountiesinKenya,GarissaCounty'seconomyishighlydependentonthenatural resource base, and thus is highly vulnerable to climate variability andchange.Risingtemperaturesandchangingrainfallpatterns,resultinginincreasedfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchasdroughtsandflooding,threatenthesustainabilityofthecounty'sdevelopment.

Key economic sectors inGarissaCounty areparticularly susceptible to climatechange impacts and this threatens to undermine the county's recent andimpressivedevelopmentgains.Itisthereforeimportantthatthecountybuildsandenhancesitsclimateresilienceandadaptivecapacity.BuildingclimateresiliencerequiresthatGarissaCounty'ssystemsofgovernance,ecosystemsandsocietyhavecapabilitytomaintaincompetentfunctioninthefaceofclimatechange.Thiswouldaid a return to some normal range of function evenwhen facedwith adverseimpactsofclimatechange.Adaptivecapacityiskeytoimprovingsocio-economiccharacteristics of communities and households as it includes adjustments inbehaviour,resourcesandtechnologies,andisanecessaryconditionfordesignandimplementationofeffectiveadaptationstrategies.ThesustainabledevelopmentofGarissaCountythereforesignificantlydependsonthedesignandimplementationofmechanismsthattriggerandenhanceclimatechangeresilienceandadaptivecapacity.

Climatechangemainstreaminginthevarioussectorsisnecessarytoequipvariouscoordinatingdepartmentsinthecountygovernmentwiththetoolstoeffectivelyrespond to the complex challenges of climate change. In this context,mainstreaming implies the integration of climate change policy responses andactionsintocountysectoralplanningandmanagementprocesses.Thisrequiresexplicitlylinkingclimatechangeactionstocoreplanningprocessesthroughcross-sectoralpolicyintegration.Thisintegrationoperatesbyprovidinganoverarchingguidancesystemthatrequiresallsectorsofthegovernmenttoimplementclimatechange responses in their core functions. Mainstreaming is a process thatencouragescooperationacrossgovernmentdepartmentsinplanningforalonger-termperiod;ratherthanfragmented,short-termandreactivebudgeting.Countygovernmentsarerequiredby lawtoprepareand implementCounty IntegratedDevelopment Plans (CIDPs), through which climate change actions can bemainstreamed.TheseguidelinesareintendedtoassisttheCountyGovernmentofGarissatoattainthisclimatechangemainstreamingintheagriculturesectorbyprovidingaframeworkforintegratingclimatechangeresponsesfortheagriculturesector into county planning processes, especially the CIDP, as well as other

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processessuchasperformancecontractingandthebudgetmakingprocess.

2.2RationaleforClimateChangeMainstreamingintheAgricultureSectorThe agriculture sector, including crops, livestock and fisheries, is a priority inKenya's Vision 2030 because it plays a critical role in improving livelihoods,enhancingfoodsecurityandincreasingGDPandemployment.Vision2030aimstoachieveaninnovative,commerciallyoriented,modernagriculturalsectorthroughinstitutionalreforms,increasedproductivity,land-usetransformation,increasedaccesstomarketsanddevelopmentofaridandsemi-aridlands(ASALs).

TheAgriculturalSectorDevelopmentStrategy2010-2020setsoutadetailedplantopositiontheagriculturalsectorasakeydriverfordeliveringthe10percentannualeconomicgrowthrateenvisagedundertheeconomicpillarofVision2030.The vision of the document is “a food secure and prosperous nation” and thestrategyaimstoincreaseproductivity,commercializationandcompetitivenessofagriculturalcommoditiesandenterprises;anddevelopandmanagekeyfactorsofproduction.Also important is thegovernment'sgoalof10percent farmforestcoveronallagriculturallandholding.

Theagriculturesector,includingcropproduction,livestock,andfisheries,isoneoftheeconomicsectorsinGarissaCountythatismostvulnerabletoclimatechange.Over80percentof thepopulationaredependentonrain-fedsubsistencecropproductionandpastoralism,andarethereforesignificantlyimpactedbydecliningagricultural productiondue tounpredictable rainfall, reduced soil productivitythrough erosion and increased evapotranspiration. Besides crop production,Garissa'slivestockproductionreliesheavilyonnaturalsystemssuchasrainfedpasture.Theselivestocksystemsareveryclimatesensitive,beingvulnerabletotheimpactsofchangingandirregularrainfallpatternsanddroughts.Greaterdroughtfrequency increases livestock morbidity and mortality because of reducedavailabilityofforage,increaseddiseaseincidencesandabreakdownofmarketinginfrastructure.

3.0RISKSANDIMPACTSOFCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTOR

3.1CropProductionSub-SectorThe major climate change-related challenges in the crops sub-sector includechanges in enterprise suitability for specific areas, leading to decrease inprofitability;unpredictabletimingoffarmingoperationsduetoseasonalweathervariabilityandreliability,leadingtolowerproductionefficiency;lossesduetoyieldreductions, total crop failures, enhanced postharvest losses and increasedproduction costs arising from extreme weather events or reduced landproductivity.

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Climatechangehasledtomorefrequentandintenseextremeweathereventssuchasdrought,floods,strongwinds,hailstorms,andfrosts.Droughtsleadtolossofinvestments incropproductiondue toreducedyieldsor totalcrop failureasaresultofwaterstress,inhibitingplantnutrientabstractionfromthesoilandthevitalphysiologicalprocessesoftheplant.Floodsleadtoanaerobicsoilconditions,hinderingtheabilityoftherootstoaerobicallyrespireandabstractnutrientsfromthesoil.Thisresultsinplantstressesthatreducesyieldsorcausestotalcropfailure.Strongwindsleadtobreakage,loggingorphysicalinjuryofthecrop,acceleratedevapotranspirationthatleadtocropstressandyieldreduction.Hailstormscausephysicalcropdamage,reducingthephotosyntheticleafareaandpredisposingtheplant to disease infections. Drought, floods and strong winds also lead to thedestructionofinfrastructuresuchasthesiltingofdams,cloggingandbreakingofirrigationanddrainageinfrastructure;destructionoffarmbuildingsandroads;drying, storage andmarketing facilities, as well as agro-based industries.Wetconditionsduringharvestofcerealsleadtoenhancedpostharvestlossesduetorottingandaflatoxincontamination.Strongwinds,landslidesandduststormsalsocontributetothereductionofsoilfertilitythrougherosionandtranslocationofthefertiletopsoils.

3.2LivestockSub-SectorClimate change is having substantial effects on ecosystems and the naturalresourcesuponwhichthelivestocksub-sectordepends.Climatechangehasledtodeclininglivestockproductionduetodirectandindirectimpactstobothlivestockand their production systems. In grazing systems, the direct impacts includeincreased frequency of extreme weather events; increased frequency andmagnitudeofdroughtsandfloods;productivitylossesduetophysiologicalstressoccasionedbytemperatureincrease;andchangeinwateravailability.Theindirectimpacts stem from agro-ecological changes and ecosystem shifts that lead toalteration in fodder quality and quantity; change in host-pathogen interactionresultinginincreasedincidencesofemergingdiseases;anddiseaseepidemics.Innon-grazingsystems,thedirectimpactsincludechangeinwateravailabilityandincreasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventswhiletheindirectimpactsincludeincreased resourceprices (e.g. feed,water andenergy), disease epidemics andincreasedcostofanimalhousing(e.g.coolingsystems).

Extremeweatherevents,especiallydroughtsandfloodsleadtoreducedpastureand forage availability, degradation of the environment and an increase indestitution. Strongwinds and dust storms also contribute to the reduction offorageavailabilityastheyerodetopsoil,thusmakinggrassregenerationdifficultevenwhen it rains. Recurring droughts have caused heavy losses to livestock,forcinganestimated30%oflivestockownersoutofpastoralisminthepast20years.AccordingtotheWorldBank,estimatedlivestockmortalityasaresultof

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droughtisabout10–15%abovenormalintheaffectedareas,whichisequivalentto5% of Kenya's livestock population. Between 2008 and 2011, drought causedlossesinlivestockthatamountedtoaboutKSh.700billion.Extendedperiodsofdrought erode livelihoodopportunities and community resilience and leads toundesirablecopingstrategiesthatdamagetheenvironmentandimpairhouseholdnutritionalstatus,furtherundermininglong-termfoodsecurity.

3.3FisheriesSub-sectorExtremeweathereventssuchasheavytropicalstormsanddroughtincidencesthatareprojectedwiththechangingclimateaffectfisheriesandaquaculturethroughacidificationofthewaterbodies,changesinseatemperatures,circulationpatternsandassociatedecologicalchanges.Thesechangeshavethepotentialofalteringthephysico-chemical properties of the fish habitats. Consequently, fish feeding,migration and breeding behavior will be directly affected while indirectly thechangeswillaffectgrowth,mortalityandreproduction.Thechangesmanifestinthefishthroughincreasedmetabolismthatculminatesinsmallerbodysizeandasmallerbrood,sexdeterminationthatfavorstheprevalenceoffemalesovermales,expansionand/orcontractionofsuitablehabitats.Thechangesalsoleadstoshiftsinthedistributionoffishstocksduetoalterationorreductionoffeedinggrounds,reductioninbreedinggrounds,andchangesinmigratorycircuitsthatconnectlifestages, thereby affecting successful completion of the life cycle and successfulrecruitment,afactorthatwilltranslateintoreducedearningsforthefisherfolk.

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4.0STRATEGIESANDGUIDELINESFORMAINSTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTORINWAJIRCOUNTY

STRATEGICISSUE1:VULNERABILITIESDUETOCHANGESINTEMPERATUREREGIMESANDPRECIPITATIONPATTERNS.

StrategicGoal:Enhancedadaptivecapacityandresilienceoffarmersandpastoraliststotheadverseimpactsofclimatechange

StrategicObjective:Institutemeasurestoreducethevulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststochangingtemperatureregimesandprecipitationpatterns.

MainstreamingStrategiesandGuidelines Timeline Responsible

TheCountyGovernmentwillinvestinsystemsforprovisionof accurate, timely and reliableclimate/weather information to informdecisions of actors in crops, livestock valuechains. This will involve collaboration withnational government agencies such as theKenya Meteorological Department andNational Droughtmanagement Authority fort h e e s t a b l i s hmen t , imp rovemen t , modernization and maintenance of weatherinfrastructure; integration of scientific andindigenousknowledgeandtechnicalskillsandcapacity building on weather data analysis,packaging, dissemination and use of earlywarningweatherinformation.

The County Government will promote andfacilitate the adoption of crop varieties,livestockbreedsandagro-forestrytreespeciesthatareadaptedtovariedweatherconditionsandtoleranttoassociatedemergingpestsanddiseases. This will involve breeding andpromotingtheuseofcropandforagevarieties,livestockbreedsandagro-forestrytreespeciesthat are tolerant to flooding,drought, strongwinds, hailstorms, heat waves, frost and emergingpestsanddiseases.

The County Government will invest in thedevelopment of appropriate low-costtechnology, taking into account indigenousknowledge along crops, livestock and agro-forestry value chains. This will entailparticipatoryresearchthatincludescropsandforage varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestrytreespeciesthatareabletowithstandweathervariations;facilitatingtheadoptionof

By2020I DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

ContinuousII

ContinuousIII

DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock


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crop varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestry tree species; providing efficientextension and advisory services, andimprovingthecapacityofcommunitiestouseneworexistingtechnologies.

The County Government will promotediversification of enterprises and alternativelivelihoods.Thiswillincludeincorporationofintegratedfarming,pastoralandagro-pastoralproductionsystemsbasedonagro-ecologicalzones and priorities, agro-forestry and non-agricultural enterprises suchasbeekeeping,aquaculture, cottage industries for gum andresin, tree nurseries and demonstrationcentres.

The County Government will invest inenhancementofproductivityandprofitabilityof agricultural enterprises. This will entailpromotion of use of improved technologiessuch as water harvesting/conservationstructures, use of manure, conservationagriculture,integratedpest managementandpost-harvest approaches such as improvedstorage and investments in distributionnetworks for agricultural and livestockproductsandmarketaccess.

ContinuousIV

ContinuousV

DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade,Industry

DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade,Industry

STRATEGICISSUE2:VULNERABILITIESDUETOEXTREMEWEATHEREVENTS

StrategicGoal:Reducedvulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststoextremeweatherevents.

StrategicObjective:Institutemeasurestoreducethevulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststoextremeweatherevents.


The County Government will develop andimplement systems for early warning andresponse, and ensure preparedness forextreme weather events. This will involvecollaboration with the relevant NationalGovernment agencies in developing effectiveearly warning systems, producing anddisseminating of downscaled weatherinformationon extremeweather events, andthe preparation of contingency plans to enddroughtandfloodemergencies.

ContinuousI DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,DisasterRiskReduction


The County Government will invest in thedevelopmentanduseindex-basedmulti-perilagricultural insurance. This will involvecollaboration with private insurancecompanies in the identif ication anddevelopmentofdiverseagriculturalinsuranceproducts,capacityenhancementamongactorstosupportinsuranceproductavailability,andthe sensitization of product users along thevaluechainstotakeupagriculturalinsuranceasameansofrisktransfer.

By2020II DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade

STRATEGICISSUE3:VULNERABILITIESDUETOUNSUSTAINABLENATURALRESOURCEMANAGEMENT

StrategicGoal:Enhancedresilienceofagriculturesystemstoclimatechangeimpactsthroughsustainablenaturalresourcemanagement.

StrategicObjective:Mainstreamsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementintoproductionsystemstoenhanceresilienceofthefarmers,pastoralistsandfisher-folk.


The County Government will establishbaselines and undertake inventory of theexisting natural resources. This will entailreviewing and collating information onexisting natural resources and theirdistribution; undertaking inventory andmappingofnaturalresources;anddevelopingand maintenance of database for naturalresourcesatCountyandSub-Countylevels.

The County Government will promotesustainable management and utilization ofnatural resources. This will involve thedevelopment of a framework for sustainablenatural resourcemanagement. This includesintegratedsoilhealthmanagementtoincludesoiltestingandnutrientmanagement,soilandwaterconservation,conservationagriculture;restorationofdegradedsoilsandconservationof soil biodiversity; protection of riparianreserves,wildlifecorridorsandstockroutes;and management of invasive species incropping and grazing systems (e.g. ProsopisJuliflora).

By2019

Continuous

I

II

DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water


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TheCountyGovernmentwillinvestinclimatesmartwaterharvestingandstorage,irrigationinfrastructure development and efficientwater use. This will entail incorporation ofcomponents that enhance resilience such asdrip irrigation of crops, non-water intensiveaquaculture,non-wastefullivestockwatering,agroforestry for soil water conservation,developmentofwaterharvestingandstoragestructures, development of appropriateirrigation infrastructure and technologiesincludinguseofcleanenergysuchaswindandsolar for pumping irrigation water; andpromotion of effective and efficientagriculturalwateruse,includingwastewatermanagement.

The County Government will promote andsupport conservation and propagation ofgermplasmofspecieswithadaptivecapacity.Thiswill involve theestablishmentof in-situand ex-situ genetic resources conservationareas/centres,theidentificationofspeciesoflivestock,cropandagro-forestrytreespeciesthat are adaptive and tolerant to adverseweather conditions, breeding, multiplicationandfieldtrialsanddemonstrations.

The County Government will invest inresearch, technology development anddisseminationforsustainablenaturalresourcemanagement.Thiswillentailparticipatoryandcollaborative research towards developmentof suitable sustainable natural resourcemanagementtechnologiesandinnovationsaswellas technologypackagingandtransfer toend users e.g. farmer's field schools,exhibitions, demonstrations, exchange visits,ICT,andelectronicandprintmedia.

III

IV

V



DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture

The County Government will establish andimplementmechanisms forresolvingnaturalresource use conflicts. This will entail thedevelopmentofmechanismsforidentification

VI DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water


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ofpotentialnaturalresourceconflicthotspots;the profiling of the natural resource conflicthotspots;andthedevelopmentofmechanismsfor conflict resolution, taking into accounttraditionalconflictresolutionmechanisms.


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