Climate Change

The Sea Grant ChallengeCoastal Communities

& Climate Change

Mayor Jeremy HarrisNew Orleans

October 19th, 2010

Sea Grant Week 2010

The Sea Grant ChallengeFour decades of exceptional work largely unrecognized and under-

appreciated.

Sea Grant’s full potential has never been realized.

The Sea Grant ChallengeHow does Sea Grant realize its true potential and play a more significant role in meeting the severe challenges facing our

nation?

The Sea Grant ChallengeSea Grant is in a unique position to play a critical role in our nation’s

confrontation with climate change.This is where the puck is going to

be!

Facing Unprecedented Challenges

Coastal Cities

Coastal Population Growth

• US Population Projected to Reach 400 million by 2043• 53% of Population Now Lives in Coastal Counties• 27 Million to Move into Coast in the Next 15 Years

Source: Peopleandplanet.net

Along With That Growth - Environmental Decay

Water Pollution

Each year 450 cubic kilometers of wastewater are discharged into rivers, streams and lakes.



Increased Pressure on Resources



Habitat Destruction


Environmental DecayAir Pollution – GHG EmissionsFossil Fuels Used for Primary Energy Production

Environmental DecayAir Pollution – GHG EmissionsFossil Fuel Based Transportation

The Greatest Threat

Global WarmingSea Level Rise

Extreme Climate Events

Intensified Coastal Storms

The Greatest Threat – Global Warming Sea Level Rise–Displaced Populations

The Greatest Threat – Global Warming Sea Level Rise-Inundated Infrastructure

Water Resource Impacts Climate Change – Drought

Water Resource ImpactsWater Stress – Salt Water Intrusion

Source: United Nations

The Greatest Threat – Global Warming Climate Change – Flooding

The Greatest Threat – Global Warming Catastrophic Coastal Storms

The Greatest Threat – Global Warming Urban Economic Catastrophe

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Potential Sea Level Rise on Oahu

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Ewa Beach, HIEwa Beach, HI

Sea level: Google Earth / USGS

Ewa Beach, HIEwa Beach, HI

Sea level: Google Earth / USG / LIDAR

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Isolate Rural Communities

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Loss of Critical Habitat

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Sand Island Sewage Treatment Plant

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Pump Stations and SCADA SystemsComputerized Wastewater Operations Center

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Honolulu Airport Reef Runway

Hickam AFB, HIHickam AFB, HI

Sea level: Google Earth / USGS

Hickam AFB, HIHickam AFB, HI


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Honolulu Harbor Commercial Fishing & Cargo Facilities

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Downtown Honolulu, Hawaii

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Downtown Central Electrical Substation

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Critical East-West Arterials Inundated

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HonoluluHonolulu PopulationHonolulu 1,000,000

Recreational Fishing Facilities, and Commercial Centers

HonoluluHonolulu


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Waikiki – World Famous Beaches

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Waikiki – 32,000 Hotel Rooms Lost

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Resident Population Displacement

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Inundated InfrastructureUtilities & Water, Drainage & Sewer Systems,

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Devastating Financial ImpactsDevastating Financial ImpactsRPT RevenuesRPT RevenuesCIP Capital CostsCIP Capital CostsCuts in City ServicesCuts in City Services

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The Fundamental Problem

Coastal Cities are not Designed or Managed to be Sustainable or Resilient

Question-What has Sea Grant done to meet the climate change challenge and what more can it do?

Sea Grant & Climate ChangeA Record of AccomplishmentAlaska Sea Grant- Coastal Erosion/Bering SeaNew Jersey SG- International Workshop Sea Level RiseMaine SG- Edited “Maine’s Climate Future”Washington SG- Climate Change Adaptation WorkshopOregon/Maine SG- Research & Engagement Coastal CCCalifornia SG- Global Warming “trophic equivalency”/forecastingFlorida SG- Coastal Primer for Florida LegislatureDelaware SG- Predicting Coastal Inundation Mid Atlantic RegionGeorgia SG- Software/Visualize & Analyze Shoreline ChangeMississippi/Alabama SG-Climate/Resiliency PanelNew York SG-East Coast Winter Storms Forecasting Website Maryland SG- Visualizing Sea Level RiseRhode Island SG- Sea Level Rise PolicyPuerto Rico SG- Governor’s Climate CommissionHawaii SG- Center of Excellence in Climate Adaptation & Policy

Answer-Sea Grant has done a great deal but it can play a far greater role.

Sea Grant’s Unique Attributes

*University Partnerships

*Diversity of Research Talent

*Trusted/Experienced Coastal Extension Service

Growing National Consensus

Forextensive and immediate extension services related to mediation and adaptation to

climate change

Sea Grant Extension

Ideally positioned to take a leadership role in this multi-jurisdictional extension effort, extending NOAA-wide information and expertise

Sea Grant Climate Extension

The work Sea Grant is doing now just scratches the surface of national need. To effectively deal with the climate challenge Sea Grant Extension will need a substantial increase in resources and funding.

The ChallengeRedesign Coastal Cities to be More Sustainable and Resilient in the Face of Climate Change

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Utilize NOAA Sea Grant and other NOAA expertise to facilitate coastal urban planning that integrates land use, transportation, energy, natural resource, economic, and climate change mitigation and adaptation components.

Proposal - NOAA Sea Grant Sustainable Coastal Community Climate Change Initiative

Proposal NOAA Climate Service should contract with Sea Grant to provide coastal climate extension services and carry out that initiative

The Sea Grant GoalEvery Coastal Local Government to Develop a Comprehensive Sustainability Plan to include Climate Change….

Mitigation Plans

Adaptation Plans

Resiliency Plans

What would this Sea Grant Sustainable Coastal Community Climate Change Initiative involve?

Sea Grant Coastal Community Sustainability Initiative

Public Education & Capacity BuildingSustainability must be grassroots based.

We have failed as educators.Only 40% of US citizens “believe” in global warming.

The U.S. – Leader or Obstacle ?U.S. Senator on TV telling the public that global warming is a hoax.

Barrier to Action – Ignorance

The disinformation campaign waged by special interests about global warming is the major stumbling block to sustainable energy policies and program funding.

Barrier to Action- Disinformation


Leadership Education and Training


Creating the PlansMitigating & Adapting to Climate ChangeWhat should the planning encompass?

Land use planning Land use planning

TransportationTransportation Energy policyEnergy policy

Econ. DevelopmentEcon. Development

Natural resourceNatural resource

managementmanagement

Social factorsSocial factors

• Understanding Understanding interrelationshipsinterrelationships• Enterprise-wideEnterprise-wide approach approach • End stovepipe End stovepipe management structuremanagement structure• Lifecycle costing-Lifecycle costing- Internalizing “external” costsInternalizing “external” costs

Key Concepts

A Systems Approach

Waste handlingWaste handling

The Sustainable, Resilient, Coastal City

Systems – Scientists understand them, politicians do not.

Climate Change - Building Sustainability & Resiliency

Land Use - MitigationBuild Cities for People Not Cars

Climate Change - Building Sustainability & Resiliency

Land Use - MitigationUtilize “Smart Growth” Design

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Smart Growth

Create Higher Density Mixed Use Communities

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Pedestrian Friendly

Smart Growth

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Good Urban Design

Smart Growth

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Livable Communities

Smart Growth

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Mixed Residential, Retail &

Commercial

Smart Growth

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Sense of PlaceSmart Growth

Urban Growth Boundaries &Coastal Zone Management Changes

Climate Change – Building Sustainability & Resiliency

Land Use - MitigationPreserve Habitat & Open SpaceProtect Watersheds, Habitats & View PlanesReduce GHGs

Cities – the Sustainable Prescription

Land Use - MitigationSustainable Building DesignNew Green Codes

Adapting to Climate Change

Land Use – 1st Step To Adaptation Evaluate Potential Impacts


Land Use – Adaptation DecisionsRetreat from Potential Inundation Zones orAttempt to Harden Coastal Urban Areas


Land Use – AdaptationDeveloping New Comprehensive Plans & Zoning Maps


Land Use – AdaptationRelocate Population CentersDevelop New Public Facilities PlansPhase & Redesign New Urban InfrastructureRe-plan & Redesign City in a Sustainable Way


Land Use – AdaptationDeveloping New Building Codes for Higher Temperatures & Storm Intensity, Coastal Setbacks


Land Use – Adaptation Legal IssuesProperty Rights - TDR


Transportation – MitigationIncentives to Shift to Public TransitHigher Gas TaxesTransit Subsidies – Employer Benefit PlansImproved Service


Transportation - MitigationMulti-modal AlternativesBike Racks on Buses and SidewalksModify Roadway SpecificationsBikewaysShower & Locker Facilities


Transportation – Mitigation“Smart” Transportation SystemsComputerized Traffic Signals & “Smart” Buses


Transportation – AdaptionRelocate Coastal Arterials


Transportation – AdaptionExpand Transit to Replace Coastal Arterials


Transportation – MitigationPublic Transit with Renewable EnergyHybrid Electric BusesE VehiclesFuel Cell BusesBRT Systems


Transportation – AdaptionRaise or Relocate Bridges


Transportation – AdaptionRetrofit or Relocate Harbors


Energy – MitigationEnergy EfficiencyRetrofit Public Facilities


Energy – MitigationEnergy EfficiencyRetrofit Utilities – LEDs & CFLs


Energy – MitigationDistributed Energy SystemsSNG-Fuel Cogeneration


Energy – MitigationDistributed Energy Systems STP Methane Cogeneration


Energy – MitigationDistributed Energy Systems Landfill Methane Cogeneration


Energy – MitigationDistributed Energy SystemsOcean Cooling/ District Heating


Energy – MitigationDistributed Energy SystemsOTEC Spinoff Technology


Energy – Mitigation Employ New TechnologiesOTEC Spinoff Applications

Condensate irrigation, air conditioning, cold water aquaculture


Energy – MitigationRenewable EnergyDiversified Primary Energy Production

Photovoltaic



Geothermal



Biomass



Wind



Ocean Wind, Biomass, Wave, OTEC, Tidal, Current


Energy – MitigationRenewable EnergyLighting – Wind & Solar


Energy – MitigationRenewable EnergyBio-Diesel Recycled Cooking Oil


Energy – AdaptationSea Level RiseRelocate Energy Systems in Inundation ZonesConvert to Sustainable Technology

Climate Change Impacts

Disrupted Water SystemsDroughtSalt Intrusion

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Water – Mitigation & AdaptationMandate Conservation MeasuresRebates for Low-Flow Appliances


Water – Mitigation & AdaptationImprove System EfficiencyGIS/SCADA Monitoring Systems


Water – Adaptation Minimize Saltwater IntrusionDeploy Gates/Barriers


Stormwater–Mitigation & AdaptationReduce Urban RunoffWastes Water, Flooding, Coastal Pollution


Stormwater–Mitigation & AdaptationReduce Urban RunoffExpand Retention & Detention Pond Regs


Stormwater–Mitigation & AdaptationReduce Urban RunoffImprove Storm Drain Design & Maintenance


Stormwater– AdaptationRedesign Stormwater SystemsInundation Zones, Higher Storm Flows


Wastewater–Mitigation & AdaptationIncrease Recycling–Agriculture & Industry


Wastewater–Mitigation & AdaptationIncrease Efficiency


Wastewater–Mitigation & AdaptationBuild Distributed Treatment SystemsMembrane Bio-reactor Technology


Resource Recovery–Mitigation Recycling & Reuse

Metals

Glass……………… to Glassphalt Plastics

Green Waste


Resource Recovery–Mitigation Garbage to Energy – RDF, Plasma Arc

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Climate Change Emergency Scenario

Resiliency to Climate ChangeAcute Impacts - Are Cities Ready?Anticipate & Reduce Vulnerabilities-Codes, SetbacksRespond – During and After DisasterReturn to “New Normal”

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Tropical Hurricane Resiliency Test

• Hurricane heading WNW from eastern Pacific• 19 inches of rain expected within next 24 hrs• Storm surge, flooding, dangerous high winds expected

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioActivate EOC

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Enterprise Wide GIS

• Full access to visualize all data

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Integrated Incident Response System

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Pre-position Response TeamsRoad Clearing/Emergency Equipment

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Call Up Satellite Imagery

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Call Up Satellite Weather Maps


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View Doppler Radar


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Review Critical Facilities


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Review Critical FacilitiesCritical Water Tank

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioReview Flood Prone Areas

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioReview Maintenance of Affected Utilities

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Projected Storm Surge Inundation

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Projected Storm Surge Inundation

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioReview Flood Evacuation Plans

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Climate Change Emergency Scenario Check Evacuation Routes

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioView Construction Plans of Evacuation Receiver Sites

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioIdentify & Open Shelters

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioOrder Evacuation

• All media outlets• Island-wide Civil Defense siren system

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Climate Change Emergency Scenario Access Live Video Camera Network

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Climate Change Emergency Scenario Control Traffic Light Synchronization

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Climate Change Emergency Scenario Locate People On Life Support

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioCAD Dispatch of Fire/Ambulances

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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioRoad Blocks and Hazardous Materials

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GPS Monitoring Emergency Vehicles

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Real-time GPS for Oahu Civil Defense

• FireFire

• AmbulanceAmbulance

• ParksParks

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• FireFire


• ParksParks

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• FireFire


• ParksParks

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Utilities Potentially Affected


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Climate Change Emergency ScenarioIdentify Vulnerable Transmission Lines

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Utilize Mobile Data Terminals

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The AftermathActivate Mobile Command & Control

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The AftermathActivate Prepositioned Resources

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The AftermathBegin Recovery–Return to New Normal

NOAA Sea Grant

Goals & Strategies - CommentsSustainable Coastal Development*Expanded focus on climate change and sustainable coastal community planning

Hazard Resilient Coastal Communities*Incorporate “Climate Change” in focus title to reflect NOAA Strategic Plan

NOAA Sea Grant Climate Change Initiative

Capacity BuildingBroaden SG Expertise

NOAA Sea Grant Climate Change InitiativeTap New University Disciplines

NOAA Sea Grant Climate Change InitiativeStrengthen NOAA Partner Ties

Implement MOUs,Inner Agency Agreements

NOAA Sea Grant Climate Change InitiativeStrengthen CES Partner Ties

NOAA Sea Grant Climate Change InitiativeGet the Resources!

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Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change

Sea Grant’s Sea Grant’s Opportunity Opportunity & Challenge& Challenge

Mahalo

Climate Change

Education

Transcript of Climate Change