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Klimatski atClimate atla1961 - 19901971 - 2000

Urednica Editor

Ksenija Zaninović

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Urednički odbor Editorial boardMarjana Gajić-ČapkaJanja MilkovićMelita Perčec TadićMarko Vučetić

Autori AuthorsKsenija Zaninović, Marjana Gajić-Čapka, Melita Perčec Tadić, Marko Vučetić, Janja Milković, Alica Bajić, Ksenija Cindrić, Lidija Cvitan,Zvonimir Katušin, Dražen Kaučić, Tanja Likso, Edita Lončar, Željko Lončar, Domagoj Mihajlović, Krešo Pandžić, Mirta Patarčić, Lidija Srnec,Višnja Vučetić

Karte MapsMelita Perčec Tadić, Andreas Matzarakis

Recenzenti ReviewersBranka PenzarIngeborg AuerTomislav Hengl

Prijevod TranslationOctopus jezične usluge d.o.o.

Lektura Language editorsValnea BressanAlemko Gluhak

Likovno oblikovanje knjige i naslovnice Book and cover designMilan VučićMia Vučić

Prijelom i tehnička obrada Layout and copyeditingIvan Lukac

Tisak PrintZT Zagraf

Naklada Edition800 primjeraka 800 copies

Izdavač PublisherDržavni hidrometeorološki zavod / Meteorological and Hydrological Service of CroatiaGrič 3, HR-10000 Zagrebhttp://meteo.hr

Za izdavača On behalf of the publisher

Ivan Čačić ravnatelj / director

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Uvo

Intro

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se da će on koristiti stručnjacima iz različitih područja

utjecaja klime u njihovom istraživačkom i stručnomradu radi prilagodbe na lokalne klimatske uvjete. Timese smanjuje rizik od meteoroloških uvjeta, doprinosećizaštiti okoliša te društvenom i gospodarskom razvojuzemlje.

Urednica

work of the Meteorological Service climatologists over

many years. Many other people have contributed to itsfinal version with their commentaries and suggestions:designers, reviewers, translators and language-editors.We hope the Atlas will help experts engaged in the

study of the effects of climate change to adapt their re-search and professional work to local climate condi-tions thus mitigating meteorological risks and

contributing to environmental protection and to the so-cial and economic development of the country.

Editor

Uvod Introduction

Zgrada Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda u Zagrebu na

The building of the Meteorological and Hydrological Service

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Klim

Clim

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Mreposi poMetnetwcon

Zvonim

Janja M

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Mreža meteoroloških postaja, obrada, kontrola i pohranjivanje podataka Meteorological station n

cteristics and the mean values of two, three or four

neighbouring stations).

Th t l li d b th t t d t

Meteorološko mjesečno izvješće postaje Hvar za ožujak 1858. iz arhive DHMZ-a.Monthly meteorological report, Hvar station, March 1858 (DHMZ archives).Fotografija  Photo by: Marko Vučetić 

Literatura References

Dherent C., Petit-Renaud G., 1994.: Using Archival Resour

Katušin Z., 1994.: Meteorological Stations Network in Croat

teorološko društvo, Zagreb, 47–56 

Katušin Z., 2005.: Hrvatski klimatski motriteljski sustav, Cro

GEF, Zagreb; 40 pp.

K č O 1897 V i C ti i t l ij N kl d

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TemAir

Ksenija

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Srednja godišnja temperatura zraka Mean annual air temperature

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Srednja temperatura zra

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Srednja temperatura zraka za travanj Mean air temperature in April

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Srednja temperatu

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Srednja temperatura zraka za listopad Mean air temperature in October

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Srednji godišnji broj hladnih dana (tmin<0°C

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Srednji godišnji broj toplih dana (tmaks≥25°C) Mean annual number of warm days (tmax≥25°C)

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Srednji godišnji broj toplih noći (tmin≥20°C) M

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OboPrec

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Srednja godišnja količina oborine Mean annual precipitation

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Srednja količina oborine u vegetacijskom r

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Srednja količina oborine za zimu Mean precipitation in Winter

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Srednja količina

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Srednja količina oborine za ljeto Mean precipitation in Summer

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Srednja količin

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Srednji godišnji broj dana s količinom oborine ≥1 mm Mean annual number of days with precipitation ≥1 mm

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Srednji godišnji broj dana sa snježnim pokrivačem ≥1 cm Me

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Ispa

Eva

Janja M

Ksenija

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rine jednaka potencijalnoj evapotranspiraciji, tada je

evapotranspiracija jednaka potencijalnoj evapotranspi-raciji. Međutim, ako je oborine manje nego što su po-trebe biljaka za isparavanjem, evapotranspiracija jemanja od potencijalne, a manjak se nadoknađuje tro-

šenjem zaliha vode iz tla. Ako takvo stanje potrajedulje, dolazi do suše, jer više ni u tlu nema vode koja bizadovoljila potrebe biljaka.

U kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske u većem dijelu go-

dine ima dovoljno oborine za potrebe biljaka, a manjakse pojavljuje uglavnom u ljetnim mjesecima (grafikoniuz kartu srednje količine oborine za vegetacijsko raz-

doblje). U gorskim predjelima tijekom čitave godine imadovoljno oborine za zadovoljavanje potreba biljaka za

vodom. Međutim, na obali je oborinski deficit izraženijii traje dulje, a povećava se od sjevernog prema južnom

Jadranu. Na sjevernom se Jadranu uglavnom javljaljeti, na otocima nešto dulje. Na srednjem Jadranu po-činje u travnju ili svibnju i traje do rujna a na otocima i

do listopada, pa je i u godišnjem prosjeku potencijalnaevapotranspiracija veća od količine oborine.

move from the northern to the southern Adriatic. It oc-

curs mostly during summer in the northern Adriatic andlasts a little longer on the islands. On the southern Adri-atic, the precipitation deficit begins in April or May andlasts until September, on the islands of the middle Adri-

atic as long as October, so that on an annual averagepotential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitationamount.

Literatura References

Atlas klime SFRJ, 1969: Tablični podaci, Hidrometeorološka

Palmer, C. W., 1965: Meteorological drought. US Departme

Pandžić, K., 1985: Bilanca vode na istočnom primorju Jadra

Pandžić, K., 1999: Vertikalni gradijenti evapotranspiracije n

Pedološki institut, 1984: Pedološke karte SR Hrvatske, Fak

WMO, 1966: Measurement and estimation of evaporation a105, Geneve, 121 pp.

WMO, 1973: Comparison between pan and lake evaporatio

WMO, 1976: The CIMO International evaporimeter compar

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VlažAir

Lidija C

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Vlažnost zraka Air humidity

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Sun

Sola

Melita

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Srednja godišnja ukupna dozračena sunčana energija Mean annual global solar irradiation

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Osu

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Srednje godišn

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Nao

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Sre

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Srednji datumi početka i svršetka razdoblja s mrazom Mean date

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Tipo

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Višnja

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Tipovi vremena Weather types

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Tipovi vremena Weather types

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Vjet

Win

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Godišnj ruža vjetra Annual wind rose

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Hum

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Srednja fiziološka ekvivalentna temperatura za siječanj Mea

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Srednja fiziološka ekvivalentna temperatura za travanj Mean physiological equivalent temperature in April

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Srednja fiziološka ekvivalentna temperatura za srpanj M

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Srednja fiziološka ekvivalentna temperatura za listopad Mean physiological equivalent temperature in October

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Agr

Agr

Marko DraženŽeljko

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Srednji datumi početka i svršetka razdoblja s temperaturom zraka iznad različitih pragovaMean dates of the beginning and the end of the period with the air temperature above different thresholds

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Srednji datumi početka i svršetka razMean dates of the beginning and the end of the period w

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Biljna fenologija Plant phenology

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Met

Met

Melita Krešo Tanja LMarjan

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Metode Methods

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Metode Methods

iz čega proizlazi relacija:

. (5)

Veza između procijenjenoga ekstrema x  i pripad-noga povratnog perioda T dana je izrazom:

. (6)

Za potrebe ovog klimatskog atlasa korišten je pro-gram za izračunavanje parametara troparametarskeGEV razdiobe, te očekivane maksimalne odnosno mi-nimalne vrijednosti za različite povratne periode, koji je

sastavni dio izvješća Faragó-a i Katz-a (Faragó i Katz,1990) u seriji publikacija koje izdaje Svjetska meteoro-loška organizacija (World Meteorological Organization

 – WMO) u okviru “Svjetskog klimatskog programa - pri-mjena” (World Climate Programme – Applications).

Procjene parametara izračunate su metodom mak -simalne vjerojatnosti iz uzoraka koji su u slučajevimaekstremnih temperatura zraka (apsolutnih minimuma imaksimuma temperature zraka) nizovi izmjerenih go-dišnjih maksimalnih i minimalnih vrijednosti u razdoblju1961–1990. Za procjenu očekivanih maksimalnih dnev-nih količina oborine korištene su maksimalne godišnje

From this, the following relation is obtained:

. (5)

The relation between the estimated extreme x andits return period T is given by:

. (6)

The computation of the GEV distribution parame-ters and the estimation of the maximal and minimal va-lues with various return periods have been performedby means of a computer programme which is part of

the report by Faragó and Katz (Faragó and Katz,1990), published in the World Climate Applications Pro-gramme series by the World Meteorological Organiza-tion.

The estimates of the extremal distribution parame-ters have been obtained by the method of maximum li-kelihood from samples which, in the case of extremeair temperatures, are series of measured annual abso-lute minimal and maximal air temperatures for the pe-riod 1961–1990. A sample size of n=50 (annual datafor 1951–2000) was used for the estimation of maxi-mal daily precipitation amounts because a longer pe-

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Tab

Tab

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PostajaStation

Nadmorska visinaAltitude

(m)

Osijek 89

Slavonski Brod 88

 urđevac 121

Križevci 155

Varaždin 167

Zagreb-Maksimir 123

Sisak 98

Parg 863

Ogulin 328

Gospić 564

Zavižan 1594

Rovinj 20

Popis meteoroloških postaja u tablicamaList of meteorological stations in tables

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