Climate and BiodiversityClimate and Biodiversity

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Section 1Section 1

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day

What is the one factor that What is the one factor that differentiates weather from climate?differentiates weather from climate?

OrOr

Name the four Greenhouse Gases.Name the four Greenhouse Gases.

Answer of the DayAnswer of the Day

TimeTime

OrOr

CO2, CH4, H2O, N2OCO2, CH4, H2O, N2O

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

Differences between weather and climateDifferences between weather and climate

Major factors determining climateMajor factors determining climate

• Uneven heating of Earth’s surfaceUneven heating of Earth’s surface

• Earth’s rotationEarth’s rotation

• Properties of air, water, and landProperties of air, water, and land

Fig. 5-2, p. 80

Earth’s Climatic ZonesEarth’s Climatic Zones

60ºN

30ºN

0º

30ºs

60ºS

Cold deserts

Westerlies Forests

Hot desertsNortheast trades

ForestsEquator

Hot deserts

Forests

Southeast trades

Westerlies

Cold deserts

Fig. 5-3, p. 80

Earth’s Rotation and Climate Earth’s Rotation and Climate

Fig. 5-3, p. 80

Fig. 5-4, p. 81Cell 3 South

Moist air rises — rain

Cell 2 South

Cool, dryair falls

Cell 1 South

Moistair rises,cools, andreleasesmoistureas rain

Cell 1 North

Cool, dryair falls

Cell 2 North

Moist air rises — rain

Cell 3 North

Cold,dry air falls

Polar capArctic tundra

60°

30°

0°

30°

60°

Polar cap

Evergreenconiferous forest

Temperate deciduousforest and grassland

Desert

Tropical deciduous forest

EquatorTropical rain forest

Tropical deciduous forest

DesertTemperate deciduousforest and grassland

Global Air Circulation and BiomesGlobal Air Circulation and Biomes

Cold,dry air falls

AnimationAnimation

Air circulation interaction.

Effects of Water, Wind, and Land Effects of Water, Wind, and Land on Climateon Climate

Ocean currents and windOcean currents and wind

Gases in the atmosphereGases in the atmosphere

• Greenhouse gases and the Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse gases and the Greenhouse Effect

Topography and local climateTopography and local climate

Microclimates in urban areasMicroclimates in urban areas

Fig. 5-5, p. 82

(a) Rays of sunlight penetrate the lower atmosphere andwarm the earth's surface.

(b) The earth's surface absorbs much of the incoming solar radiation and degrades it to longer-wavelength infrared (IR) radiation, which rises into the lower atmosphere. Some of this IR radiation escapes into spaceas heat and some is absorbed by molecules of greenhouse gases and emitted as even longer wave-length IR radiation, which warms the lower atmosphere.

(c) As concentrations of green-house gases rise, their molecules absorb and emit more infrared radiation, which adds more heat to the lower atmosphere.

Natural Greenhouse Effect Natural Greenhouse Effect

AnimationAnimation

Increasing greenhouse gases interaction.

Fig. 5-6, p. 82

Prevailing winds pick up moisture from an ocean.

On the windward side of a mountain range, air rises, cools, and releases moisture.

On the leeward side of the mountain range, air descends, warms, and releases littlemoisture.

Rain ShadowRain Shadow Effect Effect

Dry habitats

Moist habitats