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Client Safety

Safety and Body Mechanics

Exercise and ActivityBody systems affected by exercise include:Cardiopulmonary functioning (endurance)Musculoskeletal fitness (flexibility and bone integrity)Weight control and maintenance (body image)Psychological well being Exercise and ActivityFactors that influence exercise:Developmental changes (across the life span)Behavioral aspect (family, friends, health care providers, readiness) Environmental Issues (work site, school, community)Cultural and Ethnic (what motivates & acceptable) Family and Social Support (walking buddy)Exercise and ActivityHospitalized patients should be encouraged to exercise which may include:Stretching and isometric exerciseActive ROMLow intensity walking depending on conditionPassive ROM should be implemented for patients who can not participate in active ROM, to maintain joint mobility and prevent contractionAssistive Devices for WalkingWalkersLight, movable devices that are waist high, made of metal tubing, with four wide sturdy legs and a hand grip on the upper barSome walker have wheels others require the client to lift the device up and forwardClient education on the proper use of the device is important to decrease the risk of fallingAssistive Devices for WalkingCanesLight weight, easily movable devices, made of wood or metalTwo types: single straight legged or the quadLength is equal to the distance between the greater trochanter and the floor Cane is keep on the strong side of the bodyWeak leg forward first so body weight is supported by the cane and the strong legAssistive Devices for WalkingCrutchesUsed to increase mobility, client education a mustOften temporary but may be permanentWooden or metalTwo types double adjustable forearm and the auxiliaryMeasurement include the clients height, angle of the elbow flexion, and the distance between the crutch pad and the axilla Safe Client TransferMechanical lifts and lift teams are essential when the client is not able to assistWhen the client is able to assist: to face the direction of movement, reducing the friction between the object to be moved and the surface on which it is moved require less force to move it. Leverage, rolling, turning or pivoting require less work than liftingSAFETYSafe Environment

Environmental SafetyBasic Needs- Oxygen (carbon monoxide )- Nutrition (food poisoning)- Temperature and Humidity (hypothermia)Physical Hazards- Lighting- Obstacles- Bathroom Hazards- Security (lock doors, smoke & fire detector Risk at Developmental StagesInfant, Toddler and PreschoolerInjury leading cause of deathChild proof houseParent educationSchool age ChildSchool safetySports safetyBicycle safetyRisk at Developmental StagesAdolescent- peer pressure- risk taking behavior- abstinence and/or safe sexual practice- birth controlAdultLife style habitsstressRisk at Developmental StagesOlder AdultsRisk for fallsBurnsCar accidentsAbuse (across the life span)Domestic violenceRisk in Health Care AgencyMedical ErrorsInfection following surgeryBed soresFailure to diagnose and treat in timeClient Inherent AccidentSelf inflicted cuts, injuries and burns, ingestion or injection of foreign substance, self mutilation or fire setting, pinching fingers in drawers or doorsSeizure (aura before)Risk in Health Care AgencyFalls- risk increase with: -age, previous falls, gait disturbance, balance and mobility problems, postural hypotension, sensory impairment, urinary and bladder dysfunction and certain medical conditions (CVA, Neurological, Cardiovascular, Cancer)Risk in Health Care AgencyProcedure Related AccidentsMedication and fluid administrationImproper application of external devicesImproper performance of proceduresImproper body mechanics Equipment Related AccidentMalfunction (free flow protection), disrepairMisuse and electrical hazard

Acute Care EnvironmentRestraintsAnkle and wrist, elbow (infants and children), mittens, beltRoundingAmbularm devices on the legsBed Check bed exit alarm systemSide railsRadiationBioterrorist AttackTYPES OF FIRE EXTINGISHERS ABC all kinds of fires

B grease fires

C electrical fires

Using a fire extinguisherP.A.S.S. - 1. P ull the pin 2. A im nozzle 3. S queze handle 4. S weep nozzle

True sign seen at a hospitalIf we see smoke, we will assume you are on fire and will take appropriate action

CODE BLACKBomb threatALL PERSONNEL MUST SEARCH!

CODE BLUECARDIAC / RESPIRATORY ARREST C.P.R. ABCs: A irway B reathing C irculation

CODE PINKKidnapping of a baby

CODE YELLOW / GREENPatient or visitor out of control

DisasterTerrorist AttackHurricane/ Tornado/FloodAny accident with multiple injuries