Click to continue

Computer NetworksNetwork Protocols

Click to continue

Networking Protocols

A protocol defines the rules of procedures,

which computers must obey when

communicating with each other

Click to continue

The OSI Reference Model is an abstract description for layered

communications and computer network protocol design.

Click to continue

OSI ModelOSI – Open Systems Interconnect

The OSI model is a standard used to allow

different vendors to interoperate .

The OSI model is known as a layered

protocol, specifying seven (7) layers of

interface. Each layer performs a well

defined function.

Click to continue

Layers of the OSI ModelAll

People

Seem

To

Need

Data

Processing

Click to continue

Click to view youtube video

Click to continue

Layer 1: PhysicalThe physical layer defines how a

transmission medium such as a cable

connects to a computer.

This layer also specifies how to physically

move data (raw bits) between modems.

Click to continue

Layer 2: Data LinkDivides the stream of bits received from

the network layer into manageable data

units called frames.

Responsible for error-free transfer of

frames to other computer via the Physical

Layer.

Click to continue

Layer 3: NetworkThe network layer identifies computers on

a network and determines how to direct

information transferring over a network.

Responsible for addressing and routing.

Click to continue

Layer 4: TransportThe transport layer corrects errors in transmission

and ensures that information is delivered reliably.

It manages the flow control of data between

parties across the network.

It ensures that the whole message arrives intact

and in order.

Click to continue

Layer 5: SessionResponsible for dialogue control

Click to continue

Layer 6: PresentationThis layer is concerned with ensuring that

a receiving computer understands the

information sent to it.

It converts information from one form to another

Involves data encryption, compression

and translation services.

Click to continue

Layer 7: ApplicationThis layer facilitates user functions and

provides guidelines for network services.

Functions include file, print, message,

database, and application services.

Click to continue

Benefits of The OSI ModelDividing the complex network operation into

more manageable layers.

Networks can be updated more easily by

replacing individual layers instead of the entire

system software.

STOP HERE FOR TODAY…

Click to continue

START HERE FOR CLASS 2…

Click to continue

HTTPHyperText Transfer Protocol

The underlying protocol used by the

World Wide Web. HTTP defines how

messages are formatted and transmitted,

and what actions Web servers and

browsers should take in response to

various commands.

Click to continue

HTTPFor example, when you enter a URL in your

browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to

the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit

the requested Web page.

http://www.webopedia.com

Click here to read another explanation:

http://

encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Http+protocol

Click to continue

FTPFile Transfer Protocol

The protocol for exchanging files over the

Internet.

FTP is most commonly used to download a

file from a server using the Internet or to

upload a file to a server (e.g., uploading a

Web page file to a server).

http://www.webopedia.com

Click to continue

IEEE protocols

Click here to see what the IEEE ishttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,

sid9_gci214016,00.html

Click to continue

IEEE802.16gIEEE 802.16 is a series of Wireless Broadband

standards authored by the IEEE.

IEEE 802.16 is written by a working group established by IEEE Standards Board in 1999 to develop standards for the global deployment of broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks.

The current version is IEEE 802.16-2009 amended by IEEE 802.16j-2009. 16g was authored in 2007 for Management Plane Procedures and Services

Click to continue

HTTPSHyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

Used to access a secure Web server. When https://

is used as the prefix of a Web address rather than

the common http://, the session is managed by a

security protocol, and the transmission is

encrypted to and from the Web server.

http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia

Click to continue

STOP HERE FOR TODAY (class2)…

Click to continue

TCPTCP is Responsible for verifying the

correct delivery of data from client to

server. Data can be lost in the

intermediate network. TCP adds support

to detect errors or lost data and to trigger

retransmission until the data is correctly

and completely received.

Click to continue

IPIP is responsible for moving packets of

data from node to node. IP forwards each

packet based on a four byte destination

address(the IP number).

Click to continue

TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol

The suite of communication protocols used to connect hosts on the internet.

TCP/IP uses several protocols, the two main ones being TCP and IP.

http://www.webopedia.com

Click to continue

IEEE802.11a/bInstitute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers

Click to continue

VoIPVoice over Internet Protocol

A category of hardware and software that

enables people to use the Internet as the

transmission medium for telephone calls

by sending voice data in packets using IP.

http://www.webopedia.com