Click to begin.
description
Transcript of Click to begin.
![Page 1: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Click here for Final Jeopardy
![Page 3: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
100
200
300
400
500
100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200
300
400
500
300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500
![Page 4: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Name the 4 processes of respiration and describe
them…
BACK TO GAME
![Page 5: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pulmonary ventilation - movement of air into/out of the lungs
External respiration - movement of O2 from the lungs to the blood and CO2 from the blood to the lungs
Internal respiration - movement of O2 from the blood to the cell interior and CO2 from the cell interior to the
blood.
Cellular respiration - the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids that occurs in mitochondria and results
in production of ATP. It requires O2 and produces CO2.
BACK TO GAME
![Page 6: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Describe Boyle's Law…Equation
What the variables stand forDefinition
BACK TO GAME
![Page 7: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
- Describe the relationship between pressure differences and air flow
- Gas pressure in closed container is inversely proportional to volume of container
- PV = K P denotes the pressure of the system.V is the volume of the gask is a constant value representative of the pressure and
volume of the system.
- Definition: Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely proportional. The law can also be stated in a slightly different manner, that the product of absolute pressure and volume is always constant. BACK TO GAME
![Page 8: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How many lobes make up each lung?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 9: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Right lung: Three lobesLeft lung: Two lobes
BACK TO GAME
![Page 10: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
List the main factors influencing hemoglobin
saturation (5)…
BACK TO GAME
![Page 11: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
- Temperature- H+- PCO2
- PO2,- concentration of BPG
(an organic chemical)- blood pH
BACK TO GAME
![Page 12: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Describe the factors that lead to COPD, as
well as the symptoms.
BACK TO GAME
![Page 13: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
- Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and obstructive emphysema
- Patients have a history of:- Smoking- Dyspnea, where labored breathing occurs and
gets progressively worse- Coughing and frequent pulmonary infections
- COPD victims develop respiratory failure accompanied by hypoxemia, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis
BACK TO GAME
![Page 14: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In humans, B lymphocytes typically
gain immunocompetence in the…
BACK TO GAME
![Page 15: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
BONE MARROW
BACK TO GAME
![Page 16: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
______________ is a key component of our physical barrier to invasion because
it is highly resistant to bacterial enzymes and
toxins
BACK TO GAME
![Page 17: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
KERATIN
BACK TO GAME
![Page 18: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Primary cellular component of the non-immune portion of the
lymph nodes and spleen…
BACK TO GAME
![Page 19: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RETICULAR CELLS
BACK TO GAME
![Page 20: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
List the cells of the Immune response…
BACK TO GAME
![Page 21: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
•T-cells•Cytotoxic T cells•Helper T cells•Suppressor T cells•Memory T cells
BACK TO GAME
![Page 22: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
Macrophages
1. __________ - macrophages in the lungs. 2. __________ - macrophages in the skin. 3. __________ - macrophages in the liver. 4. __________ - macrophages in the brain.5. __________ - macrophages in the bone.
![Page 23: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
1. dust cells2. langerhans’ cells3. kupffer cells4. microglia cells5. osteoclast
![Page 24: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence in
the…
![Page 25: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
THYMUS
BACK TO GAME
![Page 26: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
List the two most important
antimicrobial proteins…
![Page 27: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
- Interferon- Complement
BACK TO GAME
![Page 28: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
The most abundant immunoglobulin type
is…
![Page 29: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
IgG
BACK TO GAME
![Page 30: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
Cellular immunity is primarily the function
of…
![Page 31: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
T-LYMPHOCYTES
BACK TO GAME
![Page 32: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
Which of the following are not phagocytes?
a)Dust cells b)Eosinophils c)Microglia d)Mast cells e)Plasma cells
![Page 33: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
a) Dust cells b) Eosinophils c) Microglia d) Mast cells e) Plasma cells
BACK TO GAME
![Page 34: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Name two processes of digestion
BACK TO GAME
![Page 35: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Chemical and mechanical
BACK TO GAME
![Page 36: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
What is the chief function of the large
intestine?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 37: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
To reabsorb water to prevent dehydration
BACK TO GAME
![Page 38: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Name 3 functions of the stomach
BACK TO GAME
![Page 39: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Temporary food storage • Control the rate at which food
enters the duodenum • Acid secretion and antibacterial
action • Fluidisation of stomach contents • Preliminary digestion with pepsin,
lipases etc
BACK TO GAME
![Page 40: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What is gastric emptying?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 41: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The rate of movement of food from the antrum of the
stomach, through the Pyloric Sphincter (a true sphincter),
and into the duodenum
BACK TO GAME
![Page 42: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Which hormone stimulates the gall
bladder to contract and discharge bile?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 43: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cholecystokinin (CKK)
BACK TO GAME
![Page 44: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What is the uppermost portion of the stomach
called?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 45: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fundus
BACK TO GAME
![Page 46: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
An anatomical abnormality in which part of the stomach
protrudes through the diaphragm and up into
the chest.BACK TO GAME
![Page 47: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hiatal hernia
BACK TO GAME
![Page 48: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Name the 3 main sections of the small
intestine
BACK TO GAME
![Page 49: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
BACK TO GAME
![Page 50: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What is the function of the epiglottis and
where is it located?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 51: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
A small flap of skin that closes over the pharynx to prevent food from entering the trachea and causing choking
![Page 52: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Name the 4 layers of the GI tract from innermost to
outermost. Which layer is responsible for peristalsis and
segmental contractions?
BACK TO GAME
![Page 53: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
- mucosa- submucosa- muscularis - serosa.
- The muscularis is responsible for peristalsis
BACK TO GAME
![Page 54: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
Symptoms:watery nasal dischargeSneezingStuffinesssore throatFatiguemuscle achesHeadacheFever (occasionally)
If the doctor suspects this disease, he will look out for inflamed nasal lining, clear mucus or a red throat
![Page 55: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
The Common cold
![Page 56: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
The abnormal growth of intestinal-type cells above the border of the stomach into the esophagus. The damage is caused by stomach acid that leaks back into the esophagus.
![Page 57: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Barretts Esophagus
BACK TO GAME
![Page 58: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
An ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the GI tract. It most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine. The swelling can cause pain and diarrhea.
![Page 59: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Crohn’s Disease
BACK TO GAME
![Page 60: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
A condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and malfunctions due to chronic injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, partially blocking the flow of blood through the liver. Scarring also impairs the liver’s ability to regenerate damaged cells.
![Page 61: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
cirrhosis of the liver
BACK TO GAME
![Page 62: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
BACK TO GAME
What does GERD stand for?
What is it?
![Page 63: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
- Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease.
- Is a persistent condition that occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter opens spontaneously, for varying periods of time, or does not close properly and stomach contents rise up into the esophagus.
BACK TO GAME
![Page 64: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
FINAL FINAL JEOPARDY!!!JEOPARDY!!!
![Page 65: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
FINAL JEOPARDY
Trace a generic path of the GI tract
BACK TO GAME
![Page 66: Click to begin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56815bd8550346895dc9c941/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
1. mouth2. esophagus3. stomach4. small intestine (duodenum,
jejunum, ileum)5. large intestine (colon)6. rectum7. anus.
BACK TO GAME