Click to Add Title, A Sand County Almanac: With Other Essays on Conservation from Round River Green...

3/23/2015

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Robert Hopper, P.E.CDM Smith

2015 WRRI Annual Conference

Green Infrastructure Taking Root in Cities


The Flow

• Green Infrastructure Evolution

• City Plans/Projects

• Measureable and Holistic Benefits

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Parts, Systems, Whole

• “The first law of intelligent tinkering is to save all the parts”

• “We fancy that industry supports us, forgetting what supports industry.” ― Aldo Leopold

― Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac: With Other Essays on

Conservation from Round River

3Green Infrastructure Evolution


System Diagram of a city and its support region

City as Part of Ecosystem

From UF Course Energy Analysis Lecture 25 2009

Green Infrastructure Evolution

http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/321811

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“Green infrastructure refers to sustainable pollution reducing practices that also provide other ecosystem services.” EPA http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/wq/stormwater/green.html

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• Interconnected Green Space Networks

• Practices to Manage Interface Between Built and Natural Environments

• Mimic Natural Hydrology


Solar energy, self maintenance, integration

Regional storage, source control/infiltration,

Ecosystem restoration, BMPs, LID


Local Plans and Initiatives

• Raleigh 2030 Comprehensive Plan

– Neuse River Basin Stormwater Program

• Greensboro Consolidated Plan For a Resilient Community

– Jordan Lake Rules

• Norfolk 2030 Plan

– Chesapeake Bay TMDL Program

6Green Infrastructure Evolution

http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/wq/stormwater/green.html

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Resources - Funding Sources

• Stormwater Utility Fees

• Cleanwater Management Trust Fund

• 319 Grants

• Cleanwater State Revolving Fund

• Virginia Stormwater Local Assistance Fund (SLAF)

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http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-02/documents/gi_financing_options_12-2014_4.pdf

Greensboro GI Projects


City of Raleigh 2030 Comprehensive Plan

• Section C Environmental Protection

– C.2 Design with Nature• Policy EP 2.1 Green Infrastructure

• Action EP 2.1 Green Infrastructure Plan

• Action EP 2.3 Green Infrastructure Team

– C.3 Water Quality and Conservation• Policy EP 3.1 Water Quality BMP

• Action EP 3.12 Watercourse Restoration

8City of Raleigh Plan

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-02/documents/gi_financing_options_12-2014_4.pdf

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City of Raleigh - Fred Fletcher Wetland

9City of Raleigh Project

• Wetland Creation

• Combination of Stormwater Utility Fee and CleanwaterRevolving Fund


City of RaleighUpper Longview Lake and Stream Enhancement

• Restoration, and Enhancement

• Combination of Stormwater Utility Fee and CleanwaterRevolving Fund

• Supports Lake Preservation Plan and Neuse River Basin Stormwater Plan

10City of Raleigh Projects

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City of Raleigh Featured Projects

• Fred Fletcher Park– Constructed Wetland

• 0.9 acre wetland

• 60 acre drainage area, 34% impervious

• $538,000 ($26,394 per impervious acre)

• Upper Longview Lake– Stream Enhancement

• 3,200 linear feet of mostly Priority 2 Restoration

– Lake Volume Restoration

– 234 acre drainage area, 32% impervious

– 16,000 cubic yards of sediment removed

• $2.1 Million ($20,600 per impervious acre)

11City of Raleigh Projects


City of Greensboro Consolidated Plan

• Consolidated Plan Principle

– 7) Recognize The Environment as a Critical Element of Community Sustainability: “Protect and restore Greensboro’s irreplaceable scenic and natural resources: its system of parks and greenways, urban and woodland tree canopy, stream corridors and wetlands, and air and water quality. Consider use of best practices on managing urban stormwater, promoting water and wastewater conservation, and encouraging resource conservation.”

12City of Greensboro Plan

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Greensboro – Brown Recreation Center

• LID Retrofit Demonstration Project

• Currently 90% Design

• Stormwater Utility Fees

• Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy

13City of Greensboro Project


City of Greensboro Brown Recreation Center GI/LID

14City of Greensboro Project

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City of Norfolk – 2030 Plan

• Chapter 6 Promoting Environmental Sustainability

Action ES1.1.6 - Encourage the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) reflective of Norfolk’s urban character in order to reduce and filter stormwater runoff.

• Green Infrastructure/BMP Projects

– Juvenile Detention Center Retrofit

– Ballentine Elementary Retrofit

– Parkdale Drive Channel Improvements

• Stormwater Utility and VA Stormwater Local Assistance Fund• Local Stormwater Requirements to Meet the Chesapeake Bay

TMDL

15City of Norfolk Plan

Chesapeake Bay TMDL Reductions

Reduce loadings 30% with annual

targets


Norfolk – Parkdale and the Retrofits

• BMP Retrofits

– Juvenile Detention Center - Conversion

– Ballentine Lake – Expansion/Restoration

– Parkdale - Enhancement

16Norfolk GI Projects

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Norfolk Example 1 – Juvenile Detention CenterSmall Dry Pond to Wet Pond Conversion

• Total Tributary area– Existing = 6 acres

– Proposed = 30 acres

– Existing IA= 3 acres

– Proposed IA = 21 acres

• Storage– Existing

• 0.9 acre-feet

• 3.9 inches

– Proposed• 4.8 acre-feet

• 2.8 inches

Norfolk GI Projects


Norfolk Example 2 – Ballentine Elementary LakeExisting Wet Pond Expansion

• Tributary area

– Total Area = 179 acres

– Impervious Area = 119 ac

• Storage

– Existing

• 3.6 acre-feet

• 0.4 inches

– Proposed

• 8.4 acre-feet

• 0.9 inches

Norfolk GI Projects

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• 530 Linear Feet of Urban Stream Enhancement

• 0.6 acres of Wetland

• Variable Width Buffer Enhancement

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Norfolk Example 3 – Parkdale DriveStream and Floodplain Restoration

Norfolk GI Projects


Parkdale Drive Channel Enhancement Credits

• Former Method for Load Reduction Calculation:

– 0.068 pounds Phosphorous per linear foot restored

• Detailed Method to Determine and Sum Applicable Credits

– Protocol 1 - Credit for Prevented Sediment during Storm Flow

– Protocol 2 - Credit for In-Stream and Riparian Nutrient Processing within the Hyporheic Zone during Base Flow

– Protocol 3 - Credit for Floodplain Reconnection Volume

– Protocol 4 – Dry/Wet Channel RSC as a Stormwater Retrofit

• http://www.chesapeakebay.net/documents/Final_CBP_Approved_Stream_Restoration_Panel_report_LONG_with_appendices_A-G_02062014.pdf

20Norfolk GI Projects

http://www.chesapeakebay.net/documents/Final_CBP_Approved_Stream_Restoration_Panel_report_LONG_with_appendices_A-G_02062014.pdf

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Summary of Retrofit Benefits and Costs

Site Pollutant Δ Removal(%)

Δ Removal(lbs)

Total Project Cost

Cost per Impervious Acre

Example 1Ballentine(Enhance)

TN 9% 140

$360,000 $3,030TP 13% 30

TSS 18% 11,300

Example 2JD Center(Convert)

TN 0% 90

$260,000 $8,500TP 0% 20

TSS 0% 7,900

Example 3Parkdale(Restore)

TN - -

$230,000 $9,200TP - 17

TSS - -

Example 3(Restore)

TN

TP

TSS

Norfolk GI Projects


Cumulative Ecosystem Services

22Measureable and Holistic Benefits

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Succession

• Seeds have been spread - Cities in developing stages of integrating GI into comprehensive plans

• Taking root - Quantifiable measurements of pollutant loading reductions and recognized value of cumulative holistic benefits becoming greater part of stormwater strategy

• Growth – Spreading and greater focus and resource allocation on green infrastructure

• Connected Network – Trees and Urban Forests contribute to integrated system

23Measureable and Holistic Benefits

Robert [email protected]

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