Preassessment Screening - American College of Sports Medicine
Clexane Bridging in the Anaesthetic Preassessment Clinic
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Transcript of Clexane Bridging in the Anaesthetic Preassessment Clinic
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Clexane Bridging in the Clexane Bridging in the Anaesthetic Preassessment Anaesthetic Preassessment ClinicClinic
Dr Paul Sice, Consultant Anaesthetist
Derriford Hospital, Plymouth
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ObjectivesObjectives
The problems with the old system
The development of the new guideline
The clexane bridging pathway
The practicalities of making it work
Examples
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The Old SystemThe Old System
Evidence-based
Douketis JD, Johnson JA, Turpie AG. Low-molecular
weight Heparin as bridging anticoagulation during
interruption of Warfarin. Arch Int Med. 2004; 164: 1319 – 26.
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The Old SystemThe Old System
Risk assessment
Acute (within 6 weeks) arterial or intra-cardiac thrombosis1 Very high risk: Full LMWH bridging essentialExpert opinion recommended
Recurrent arterial thrombosisMechanical prosthetic heart valveRheumatic atrial fibrillation
High risk: Full LMWH bridging
Non-rheumatic atrial fibrillationDilated cardiomyopathy or LV aneurysm
Moderate Risk Standard Thromboprophylaxis: low dose LMWH
Acute (within 6 weeks) venous thrombosis1
Recurrent venous thrombosis whilst on warfarin therapy2
Recent (within 3 months) venous thrombosis + high risk surgery3
Very high risk: Full LMWH bridging essentialExpert opinion recommendedConsider IVC filter
Recent (within 3 months) venous thrombosisHistory of recurrent venous thrombosis + high risk surgery3
High risk: Full LMWH bridging
Single previous venous thrombosis (> 3 month)Known thrombophilia or malignant disease
Moderate Risk Standard Thromboprophylaxis: low dose LMWH
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The Old SystemThe Old System
Clear Instructions
Check INR 1 week before planned surgery:
a.INR 1.5 – 2.0: stop warfarin for 3 full days pre-operatively.
b.INR 2.0 – 3.0: stop warfarin for 4 full days pre-operatively.
c.INR 3.0 – 4.0: stop warfarin for 5 full days pre-operatively.
d.INR < 1.5 or > 4.0: seek expert advice.
1.Check INR daily once warfarin stopped.
2.Start LMWH as soon as INR is 2.0 or less.
3.Recommended dose of enoxaprin (Clexane) is 1.0 mg/kg bd
4.Last preoperative dose should be given …18 - 24 hours pre-surgery
5.Restart Clexane 12 – 24 hours post op. (in absence of active bleeding)
6.Restart warfarin at previous maintainance dose on 1st postoperative day.
7.Check INR daily.
8.Stop Clexane when INR in therapeutic range for 2 consecutive days.
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The Old System - The Old System - DifficultiesDifficulties
More disparate surgical pre-assessment
Day of surgery admission
Clinicians doing their own thing
Some impractical parts of the protocol
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The Old System - The Old System - DifficultiesDifficulties
Check INR 1 week before planned surgery:
a.INR 1.5 – 2.0: stop warfarin for 3 full days pre-
operatively.
b.INR 2.0 – 3.0: stop warfarin for 4 full days pre-
operatively.
c.INR 3.0 – 4.0: stop warfarin for 5 full days pre-
operatively.
d.INR < 1.5 or > 4.0: seek expert advice.
Giving people a choice
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The Old System - The Old System - DifficultiesDifficulties
Check INR 1 week before planned surgery:
a.INR 1.5 – 2.0: stop warfarin for 3 full days pre-operatively.
b.INR 2.0 – 3.0: stop warfarin for 4 full days pre-operatively.
c.INR 3.0 – 4.0: stop warfarin for 5 full days pre-operatively.
d.INR < 1.5 or > 4.0: seek expert advice.
1.Check INR daily once warfarin stopped.
2.Start LMWH as soon as INR is 2.0 or less.
Blood testing difficult
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The Old System - The Old System - DifficultiesDifficulties
Check INR 1 week before planned surgery:
a.INR 1.5 – 2.0: stop warfarin for 3 full days pre-operatively.
b.INR 2.0 – 3.0: stop warfarin for 4 full days pre-operatively.
c.INR 3.0 – 4.0: stop warfarin for 5 full days pre-operatively.
d.INR < 1.5 or > 4.0: seek expert advice.
1.Check INR daily once warfarin stopped.
2.Start LMWH as soon as INR is 2.0 or less.
3.Recommended dose of enoxaprin (Clexane) is 1.0 mg/kg bd
4.Last preoperative dose should be given …18 - 24 hours
pre-surgery
Potential for mistakes and variation
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Geography (patient journeys)Geography (patient journeys)
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New DevelopmentsNew Developments
Pre-assessmentClinic
General
ENT
etc
Surgical specialties
Orthopaedics Pre-assessment
Waiting List ? Day of Surgery
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The WorkloadThe Workload
Review of Clinic Records – 10 weeks
353353 60 CPX46 ECG check
247247
Warfarin DecisionsWarfarin Decisions
4444 20%20%
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A New GuidelineA New Guideline
Evidence Based
Minimise Patient Journeys
Accommodate New policy
Patient Safety
Simple as Possible
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The Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy
American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)
James D. Douketis, MD, FRCP(C); Peter B. Berger, MD, FACP; Andrew S. Dunn, MD, FACP; Amir K. Jaffer, MD; Alex C. Spyropoulos, MD, FACP, FCCP; Richard C. Becker, MD, FACP, FCCP and Jack Ansell, MD, FACP, FCCP
1. Chest. 2008; 133:299S-339
Latest EvidenceLatest Evidence
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Decision-Making PathwayDecision-Making Pathway1. Is the surgeon willing to operate on warfarin?
Continue. Check INR is within required limits
2. Does the patient require clexane bridging? (See risk assessment)
Heart Valve High Risk Any mechanical valve Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
AF: CHADS2 Score: (1
for each except CVA /TIA)Cardiac failure **HypertensionAge >75DiabetesStroke TIA(Stroke or TIA at any time scores 2)
High risk CHADS2 >4. CVA/TIA < 3/12 Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Mod. Risk CHADS2 >2 Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Low Risk CHADS2 of 0-2. No previous
CVA/TIA. Normal heart
No Clexane
Venous Thrombo-Embolism
Mod. To High Risk
VTE within 1 year. Recurrent VTE. Severe thrombophilia
Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Acute thrombosis within 6 weeks or whilst taking Warfarin: Seek specialist advice
Stroke Mod. Risk Warfarin for recurrent CVA Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Cardiac Failure Mod. Risk Cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysm, cardiac failure
Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Yes
No
Yes
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Decision-Making PathwayDecision-Making Pathway
Stop warfarin 5 days before surgery1
Prophylactic clexane
Therapeutic clexane
1. Chest. 2008; 133:299S-339
Yes
No clexane
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Clexane BridgingClexane Bridging
Safety (therapeutic bridging)
Blood testing (INR)
Days prior to surgery
5 4 3 2 1 Day of Surgery
Omitting Warfarin Omit
Giving Clexane
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Prophylactic ClexaneProphylactic Clexane
Days before surgery
5 4 3 2 1
Stopping Warfarin
Omit
When to take clexane injections (TICK)
08:00 18:00
40mg OD
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Therapeutic ClexaneTherapeutic Clexane
Arterial Risk Factors
Venous Risk Factors
1mg/kg BD
Days before surgery
5 4 3 2 1
Stopping Warfarin
Omit
When to take clexane injections (TICK)
08:00 18:00 Omit Clexane
? 1.5mg/kg OD
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Atrial FibrillationAtrial Fibrillation
CHADS2 Score: (1 for each
except CVA /TIA)
Cardiac failure **HypertensionAge >75DiabetesStroke TIA
(Stroke or TIA at any time scores 2)
High risk CHADS2 >4.
CVA/TIA < 3/12
Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Mod. Risk CHADS2 >2 Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Low Risk CHADS2 of 0-2.
No previous CVA/TIA.
Normal heart
No Clexane
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Important Safety Points Important Safety Points
Renal failure – eGFR < 30
Therapeutic dosing with 1mg/kg OD am only
Only 40mg the day before surgery
Use lean body weight
Days before surgery
5 4 3 2 1
Stopping Warfarin
Omit
When to take clexane injections (TICK)
08:00 40mg 18:00
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Important Safety Points Important Safety Points
Renal failure – eGFR < 30
Body weight (low and high)
ProphylaxisProphylaxis
20mg OD if < 50kg20mg OD if < 50kg
BMI >= 35BMI >= 35
? Lean body weight? Lean body weight
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Important Safety Points Important Safety Points
Renal failure – eGFR < 30
Body weight (low and high)
Anti factor Xa levels
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The PracticalitiesThe Practicalities
Self injectingSelf injecting
Patient InformationPatient Information
Linking with the Linking with the communitycommunity
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Decision-Making 2Decision-Making 2
YesYes
Nurses can teach the patient or relative
Patient picks up clexane prescription from hospital
Patient information sheet
Can the patient Can the patient self-inject?self-inject?
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Self injectingSelf injecting
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Decision-Making 2Decision-Making 2
NoNo
Patient picks up clexane prescription from hospital
Patient information sheet
PCT Community prescription
Can the patient Can the patient self-inject?self-inject?
Telephone GP PracticeTelephone GP Practice
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Community Input Community Input
Pre-assessment
Acute GP service
Surgical assessment unit
Carefully plan day of surgery
Practice can helpPractice can help
Practice can’t helpPractice can’t help Patient can’t getPatient can’t gettherethere Bridging over W/EBridging over W/E
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Patient InformationPatient Information
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Patient InformationPatient Information
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Patient InformationPatient Information
Any Other Pre-op instructions
Remember not to take your insulin on the morning of the operation when you have nothing to eat
Take your blood pressure tablets as usual.
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Example 1Example 1
49 yr old man. Needs a cystoscopy
Dilated cardiomyopathy, EF 40%, valves ok
AF on warfarin (stable INR)
TIA 3 years ago
Internal cardiac defibrillator
Front of list
85kg, normal renal function
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Heart Valve High Risk Any mechanical valve Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
AF: CHADS2 Score: (1 for
each except CVA /TIA)Cardiac failure **HypertensionAge >75DiabetesStroke TIA(Stroke or TIA at any time scores 2)
High risk CHADS2 >4. CVA/TIA < 3/12 Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Mod. Risk CHADS2 >2 Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Low Risk CHADS2 of 0-2. No previous
CVA/TIA. Normal heart
No Clexane
Venous Thrombo-Embolism Mod. To High Risk
VTE within 1 year. Recurrent VTE. Severe thrombophilia
Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Acute thrombosis within 6 weeks or whilst taking Warfarin: Seek specialist advice
Stroke Mod. Risk Warfarin for recurrent CVA Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Cardiac Failure Mod. Risk Cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysm, cardiac failure
Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
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Wife will inject clexane
Prophylactic clexane 40mg s/c
Prescription and information sheet
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Example 2Example 2
85 year old lady 80 kg
Needs cervical disc surgery
Chronic renal failure eGFR 25
Warfarin for recurrent DVT and PE
Wheelchair due to pain but husband mobile. No car.
Front of list
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Heart Valve High Risk Any mechanical valve Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
AF: CHADS2 Score: (1 for
each except CVA /TIA)Cardiac failure **HypertensionAge >75DiabetesStroke TIA(Stroke or TIA at any time scores 2)
High risk CHADS2 >4. CVA/TIA < 3/12 Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Mod. Risk CHADS2 >2 Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Low Risk CHADS2 of 0-2. No previous
CVA/TIA. Normal heart
No Clexane
Venous Thrombo-Embolism Mod. To High Risk
VTE within 1 year. Recurrent VTE. Severe thrombophilia
Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Acute thrombosis within 6 weeks or whilst taking Warfarin: Seek specialist advice
Stroke Mod. Risk Warfarin for recurrent CVA Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Cardiac Failure Mod. Risk Cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysm, cardiac failure
Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
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e GFR <30e GFR <30Clexane 1mg / kg OD40 mg day before surgeryPrescription and information sheet
80mg 80mg 40mg
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PracticalitiesPracticalities
Feel they can’t cope with clexane injections
GP practice know them well. Husband can push the wheelchair. Practice nurses happy to inject clexane.
Clexane prescription, information leaflet and PCT prescription
Patient will let practice know when she has a date and take paperwork to sort out plan
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Extreme BridgingExtreme Bridging
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Example 3Example 3
80 year old lady. 40kg. Lives alone
Needs lumbar spine surgery
Warfarin for mechanical mitral valve
INR unstable at times
Lives in Plymouth, has to get the bus to hospital
Surgery scheduled for Tues (bridging a w/e)
Worried about self-injecting
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Heart Valve High Risk Any mechanical valve Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
AF: CHADS2 Score: (1 for
each except CVA /TIA)Cardiac failure **HypertensionAge >75DiabetesStroke TIA(Stroke or TIA at any time scores 2)
High risk CHADS2 >4. CVA/TIA < 3/12 Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Mod. Risk CHADS2 >2 Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Low Risk CHADS2 of 0-2. No previous
CVA/TIA. Normal heart
No Clexane
Venous Thrombo-Embolism Mod. To High Risk
VTE within 1 year. Recurrent VTE. Severe thrombophilia
Therapeutic 1mg/kg BD
Acute thrombosis within 6 weeks or whilst taking Warfarin: Seek specialist advice
Stroke Mod. Risk Warfarin for recurrent CVA Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
Cardiac Failure Mod. Risk Cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysm, cardiac failure
Prophylactic 40mg SC OD
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Therapeutic clexane 40mg BD
Prescription and information sheet
omit
40mg40mg
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PracticalitiesPracticalities
Worried about clexane injections
GP practice isn’t available over the weekend
Unfair to get bus BD over the weekend
What other option do we have?
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Thank you, any questions?Thank you, any questions?