ELECTROCHROMIC COATINGELECTROCHROMIC COATING FOR DYNAMIC CONTROL

Cleantech to Market

Project TeamProject Team1

Scientists Cleantech to Market TeamScientists Cleantech to Market Team

Delia MillironFacility Director, Inorganic Nanostructures, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Joanna Bechtel PhD ME

Sebastien LounisPhD

Memo Garcia

PhD ME PhD Energy Sci-Physics

Graduate Student Researcher, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, PhDCandidate, Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkley

Kumiko IsonoMBA

Christopher WaiMBA

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary2

TechnologyNanoparticle film that modulates transmission of near-infrared radiation (heat)

StatusLab scale proof of concept; solid electrolyte and product prototype yet to be developed, manufacturing costs and energy savings to be determined

Purpose

savings to be determined

Determine and evaluate potential entry markets; propose target entry point and research recommendationsg y p

Recommendation: target greenhouse market to develop technology g g p gyand prove reliability, then expand into commercial windows market

US Energy Consumption by SectorUS Energy Consumption by Sector

Heating & cooling of buildings accounts for ~15%3

Heating & cooling of buildings accounts for 15% of total energy use

*Source: Selkowitz 2011

Motivation for Near Infrared (NIR) ControlMotivation for Near Infrared (NIR) Control4

=NIR HEAT

Image credit: Memo Garcia

Motivation for Dynamic Control of NIR5

Motivation for Dynamic Control of NIR

ClimateClimate

Optimum solar heat gain

Time of Day

Time of DayWeatherWeather

Minimize heating/cooling loads by real-time response to dynamic conditionsresponse to dynamic conditions

Technology Overview

O i ti N t l

Technology Overview6

Our innovation: Nanocrystalelectrochromic films that modulate NIR transmittance

GlassNano-EC Film Advantages:

NIR

ElectrolyteElectrode

g Low cost process Fast switching

NIR Durability Aesthetics

Energy savings Energy savings

Approach

Di /C

Approach7

Di /C Preliminary Market D Di

7

Diverge/ConvergeDiverge/Converge yAssessment Deep Dive

• Optical Filters• Fiber Optic Switching• Eyeglasses

• Optical Filters• Fiber Optic Switching• Eyeglasses

• Building Windows• Aircraft Windows• Display Cases• Greenhouses Glass MarketIR Applications

• Building Windows• Aircraft Windows• Display Cases• Greenhouses• IR Sensors

• Satellite• Forensic Photography

• IR Sensors• Satellite• Forensic Photography

Greenhouses• Automobile Windows• Glass Bricks• Building Envelopes

Glass MarketIR Applications Greenhouses• Automobile Windows• Glass Bricks• Building Envelopes

Selection Criteria: 1) Practical need for dynamic IR switching, ) y g,and 2) Technical feasibility

Approach (cont’d)Approach (cont d)

Di /C Preliminary Market D Di

8

Diverge/Converge yAssessment Deep Dive

ForensicLow

SatelliteSatellite

exity

ForensicPhotography

GreenhouseBuildingBuilding

Market Size

ket C

ompl

e

Aircraft Windows

Building WindowsBuilding Windows

Mar

k

AutomobileWindows

Hi h

Time to MarketLong Short

High

Satellites: Thermal Control Subsystem (TCS)

Current Radiator Technology:Future Radiator Technology:

Thermal Control Subsystem (TCS)9

Current Radiator Technology: Louver System

Rejected heat

Future Radiator Technology: Electrochromic Film

Radiator

Issues Value Proposition Actuators and electronics Power consumption

Issues Power and weight savings No moving parts

Value Proposition

Dust particles

Satellites: Technology Development PathTechnology Development Path

10

el (T

RL) 9

Large satellites for Communication, GPS

dine

ss L

eve

8

System Small satellites for

scientific missions

Communication, GPS $200M-1B+ budget;

$6-100M for TCS Crucial payloads

olog

y R

ead

6

7System

prototyping demonstration

scientific missions $5-100M budget;

$150K-10M for TCS Limited power

Tech

no

M th D d

Idea Generation

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants6

3

1

Mission LengthMonths Decades

Interview with Ted Swanson, NASA Goddard Space Center on 3/29/2011Interview with Millan Diaz-Aguado, NASA Ames on 4/1/2011

Commercial Windows: OverviewOverview

11

Market Size Competitive Landscape Domestic market for new building

construction: ~$530M Global Market: $4,060 ~ 5,280M

Extremely crowded with 400+ players in US 5 players dominating ~60% of the US

market

Market Size Competitive Landscape

Smart glass accounts for ~2%

Market Trend Stronger trend than residential sector Regulatory trends

Increasing interest in LEED certificates Building energy codes European energy efficiency regulation

Rising energy costs

Source: BCC Research (2009), IBIS World (2010), Pilkington (2009)

Commercial Windows:Value PropositionValue Proposition

12

Customer Needs Our Tech Low-e Traditional ECCustomer Needs Our Tech Low e Traditional EC Expect 5-7 year

payback period ? Initial Cost

Minimize heating and cooling loads Operating

Cost End-user needs differ

based on preference

Cost

Appearance Architects desire clear

windows

Track record in reliability/durability is

Appearance

reliability/durability is important Reliability

Greenhouses:OverviewOverview

13

Greenhouse Glazing Market Market Size 2005 US new greenhouse construction

market: $134.7M1

Total glass revenue: $5.3M-10.6M85%

45% 15% 85%

60%

80%

100%

g $ Total sq. ft. of glass: 2.6M ft. sq.2

Average cost of glass: $2-4 per sq. ft.355%

20%

40%

60%

15%0%

Research Conservatory Commercial Follows general market trends; expected to be flat in the near future

Market Trend

Glass Plastic

be flat in the near future No energy efficiency regulations Energy efficiency is top priority

H ti d li i 70% f t t l

1,2 NGMA Survey 2006 (http://www.greenhousegrower.com/magazine/?storyid=386)3 Interview with Rob Tanzer, Rough Brothers on 3/31/20114 “Greenhouse Energy Efficiency”, Scott Sanford, 11/18/2005

Heating and cooling is ~70% of total energy costs4

Greenhouses:Value Proposition

Greenhouse Owner Needs Value Proposition

Value Proposition14

Greenhouse Owner Needs Value Proposition Need maximum

transmission in visible range (400-700nm)

Modulates NIR with no impact to visible range

Photosynthetic Active Radiation

(PAR) g ( )

Second highest cost Current solutions: Energy

R t ti S t d IR

Reduces heating and cooling loadsEnergy Efficiency

( )

Retention Systems and IR films

Consistent temperature f l t lit

NIR control based on t l i tTemperature

for plant quality external environment

Cost sensitive Energy Retention

Temperature Control

?

Expect 3-5 year payback Systems are cheapCost ?

Positive

NegativeMarket Summary

Comm. Green- Satellites

NegativeMarket Summary15

Windows houses Satellites

Market Size

Time to MarketTime to Market

Value Proposition

Willingness to PayWillingness to Pay

Substitutes

Competition in EC

Value Chain Complexity

Long development time, price insensitive

High value proposition, small

market

Large market, significant

competition

High value proposition, small

market

Large market, significant

competition

RecommendationsRecommendations16

Research Greenhouse Entry Comm. Window Entry

Develop solid electrolyte Build product prototype Test operating durability Investigate low cost

Partner with research greenhouse (e.g., Oxford Greenhouse)

Partner with small glass

License to large glass manufacturers (e.g., PPG)

License to chemical manufacturers (e.g., Dow) Investigate low cost

manufacturing techniques Determine energy savings

Partner with small glass manufacturers

manufacturers (e.g., Dow)

17

Appendices

Commercial Window:Market size and competitive landscape

Competitive players

Market size and competitive landscape18

Estimated Market Size

More than 400 companies involved in flat glass market

Around 300 engage in “advanced flat glass” manufacturing

NSG, AGC, PPG, Cardinal and Guardian accounts for

Total Flat glass market for construction in US *1

% New building construction market (vs. Retrofit and Interior) *2

×$2,343 ~ 2,620 MM

39%

US flat glass market for construction *1

60% of total advanced flat glass marketRetrofit and Interior) 2

% of Commercial building market (vs. residential building) *3

×58%

÷Competitive Technologies

Low-emissivity coating

Reflective coating

Thermachromic

Dominant in the industry

% of US market *4 10-13%

＝ Domestic target market size

(commercial window market for~$530 MM

Thermachromic

Traditional electrochromics: More than 18 companies work on electrochromic technology (incl. non-window application

(commercial window market for new construction)

Global target market size $4,060 ~ 5,280MM

*1: IBIS report, 2010, Freedonia Focus, 2010*2: Volume basis, Pilkington, 2009*3: Overall building construction basis, Freedonia Focus, 2009*4: BCC Research, 2008

Commercial Windows:Supply Chain

Other Stakeholders

Key Stakeholders

Supply Chain

2 Create architectural design Reliability

(manufacturer) Cost

Selection Criteria

19

2 Select material specifications Make suggestions on

manufacturers Input on material

selection3

Purchase

(manufacturer) Cost

Cost U-Value Appearance

Window ManufacturerArchitect Building

Contractor

Project request1

Supply

Purchase4

Construction5

Architect Building Contractor

Project request Request For

Proposal

1 Construction5

Delivery6

Building Owner Visible aspects of windows

Frames and handles ColorD b Do not care about Manufacturers/brands Performance

Greenhouse:Value Chain

Other Stakeholders

Key Stakeholders

Value Chain20

Greenhouse Owner Architect General

ContractorSpecialized Contractor Supplier

User groups work Define Manage Work with vendors Provide materialsUser groups work with architects to define greenhouse requirements

Define performance needs and specifications (e.g., type of

Manage specialized contractors (e.g., greenhouse, electrical,

Work with vendors to source materials (e.g.,glass/glazing, heating/

Provide materials based on specs

Regular glass manufacturers (e g PPG AGC)(e.g., type of

glass, metrics, and manufacturer)

electrical,plumbing) to develop greenhouse

glazing, heating/cooling)

Greenhouse contractorsoccasionally act

(e.g., PPG, AGC)

occasionally act as consultants for architects