1 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Clean Energy Leadership: The Role ofHydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

International Conference on Hydrogen SafetySan Francisco, CA

Dr. Sunita SatyapalU.S. Department of EnergyFuel Cell Technologies ProgramProgram Manager

September 12, 2011

2 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Double Renewable Energy Capacity by 2012

Generate 80% of electricity from clean energy sources by 2035

Reduce GHG emissions 83% by 2050

U.S. Clean Energy Goals

3 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Petroleum38%

Natural Gas25%

Coal21%

Nu-clear En-ergy8%

Renewable Energy9%

U.S. Energy Consumption

Transportation39%

Industrial32%

Residential16%

Commercial12%

Total U.S. Energy = 94.6 Quadrillion BtuSource: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Figure 2.0

Transportation

Industrial

Residential & Commercial

Electric Power Share of Energy Consumed by Major

Sectors of the Economy, 2009

U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector

4 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Fuel Cell Patents Reflect Emerging Growth

Clean Energy Patent Growth Index[1] shows that fuel cell patents lead in the clean energy field with nearly 1,000 fuel cell patents issued worldwide in 2010.

• 3x more than the second place holder, solar, which has just ~360 patents.• Number of fuel cell patents grew > 57% in 2010.

[1} http://cepgi.typepad.com/heslin_rothenberg_farley_/

5 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Fuel Cell Market Overview

0

25

50

75

100

2008 2009 2010

USA Japan South Korea Germany Other

(MW

)

Megawatts Shipped, Key Countries: 2008-2010

North American Shipments by Application

Fuel cell market continues to grow• ~36% increase in global MWs shipped• ~50% increase in US MWs shipped

5FuelCells2000, Pike Research, Fuel Cell Today, ANL

Widespread market penetration of fuel cells could lead to:• 180,000 new jobs in the US by 2020• 675,000 jobs by 2035

Various analyses project that the global fuel cell/hydrogen market could reach maturity over the next 10 to 20 years, producing revenues of: • $14 – $31 billion/year for stationary

power• $11 billion/year for portable power• $18 – $97 billion/year for transportation

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/program_plan2010.pdf

6 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

DOE Accomplishments

Current status: $49/kW vs

target of $30/kW

Projected Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost-projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year)-

Projected high-volume cost of fuel cells has been reduced to $49/kW (2011)*

• More than 30% reduction since 2008• More than 80% reduction since 2002

Real world validation marks progressVehicles & Infrastructure

• 155 fuel cell vehicles and 24 hydrogen fueling stations

• 2,500 hours (nearly 75K miles) durability

Demonstrated world’s first Tri-generation station (CHHP with 54% efficiency)Up to 1,000 fuel cells with Recovery Act funding

*Based on projection to high-volume manufacturing (500,000 units/year).**Projected cost, based on analysis of state-of-the-art technology

Safety, Codes & Standards R&D ProgressDemonstration of cycle-life durability in excess of 50,000 refuelings for metal pressure vessels for forklift applications.Developed and validated models for evaluation of indoor refueling safety requirements

7 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Progress — Spurring Early Markets with

DOE Recovery Act ActivitiesDeployed more than 800 fuel cells to date for use in forklifts and backup power at several companies including Sprint, AT&T, FedEX, Kimberly Clark, and Whole Foods

Fuel Cell Application

Operational Fuel Cells

Total Fuel Cells Planned

Backup Power 360 539

Material Handling 467 504

Stationary 2 6

APU 0 3

Total 829 > 1,000

Deployment Status – August 2011ARRA Material Handling

Equipment DataAs of

12/31/2010

Hydrogen Dispensed > 18,500 kg

Hydrogen Fills > 38,800

Hours Accumulated > 307,400 hrs

NREL ARRA Data Collection Snapshot

Deployment Locations

MORE THAN 3,000 ADDITIONAL FUEL CELL FORKLIFTS PLANNED with NO DOE funding

DOE: $42 M Cost-share: $54 MTotal: $96 M.

8 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

EERE H2 & Fuel Cells Budgets

Funding ($ in thousands)

Key ActivityFY 2011

Appropriation ($ thousands)

FY 2012 Request ($ thousands)

Fuel Cell Systems R&D 43,000 45,450

Hydrogen Fuel R&D 33,000 35,000 Technology Validation 9,000 8,000

Safety, Codes & Standards 7,000 7,000

Systems Analysis 3,000 3,000 Manufacturing R&D 3,000 2,000

Total 98,000 100,450

Budget is approximately $100 million per yearMore than $1 billion spent by U.S. DOE in last four years

9 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Keep Doing the Critical Work for the Safe Deployment of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Safety is Essential for Success

The ICHS is the most prominent international conference on hydrogen safety. Your work is essential for the successful deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells and will pave the way for other clean energy technologies.

Thank you!

10 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Additional Information

11 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Fuel Cells: Benefits & Market Potential

The Role of Fuel Cells Key BenefitsVery High Efficiency

Reduced CO2 Emissions

• 35–50%+ reductions for CHP systems (>80% with biogas)

• 55–90% reductions for light-duty vehicles

• up to 60% (electrical) • up to 70% (electrical, hybrid fuel cell /

turbine) • up to 85% (with CHP)

Reduced Oil Use

• >95% reduction for FCEVs (vs. today’s gasoline ICEVs)

• >80% reduction for FCEVs (vs. advanced PHEVs)

Reduced Air Pollution

• up to 90% reduction in criteria pollutants for CHP systems

Fuel Flexibility

• Clean fuels — including biogas, methanol, H2

• Hydrogen — can be produced cleanly using sunlight or biomass directly, or through electrolysis, using renewable electricity

• Conventional fuels — including natural gas, propane, diesel

12 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 04/22/2023 eere.energy.gov

Fuel Cell Vehicles - International Status

Many major automobile manufacturers have recently reaffirmed their commitment to develop fuel cell vehicles. Plans exist in Germany and Japan to expand the hydrogen infrastructure.

Daimler*• Small-series production of

FCEVs began in summer 2009

• Plans for tens of thousands of FCEVs per year in 2015 – 2017 and hundreds of thousands a few years after

Volkswagen

• Expanded demo fleet to 24 FCEVs in CA

• Recently reconfirmed commitment to FCEVs

Germany: Infrastructure

• Public/private partnership to build 1000 hydrogen stations by 2015

General Motors*• 115 vehicles in

demonstration fleet• 2012: Technology

readiness goal for FC powertrain

• 2015: Target for commercialization

Hyundai-Kia*• 2020: Planned expansion of

demo fleet to 500 vehicles• 2012: 1000 FCEVs/year • 2015: 10,000 FCEVs/year• “Borrego” FCEV has

achieved >340-mile range.

Toyota*• 2010-2013: U.S. demo fleet of

100 vehicles• 2015: Target for large-scale

commercialization• “FCHV-adv” has achieved 431-

mile range and 68 mpgge

Honda*• Clarity FCX named “World

Green Car of the Year”; EPA certified 72 mpgge; has begun leasing vehicles, with plans to lease 200

• 2015: Target for large-scale commercialization

Nissan*

Renault*

Ford** In Sept. 2009, many of the world’s major auto manufacturers signed a letter of understanding in support of fuel cell vehicles, anticipating widespread commercialization beginning in 2015 and calling for increased investment in refueling infrastructure.

SAIC (China)• Partnering with GM

to build 10 fuel cell vehicles in 2010

DOE 2010Japan: Infrastructure

• Alliance of 13 Japanese companies plans to develop commercial technologies by 2015 that will supply hydrogen for FCEVs.