Classifying Matter

Matter•Matter can be classified as either a pure

substance or a mixture.•A pure substance can be further

classified as•an element•a compound

Compound•A compound is a pure substance that

can be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies.

•Compounds include things like•ionic salts•NaCl, HCl, NaHCO3

•molecules•CH4, C6H12O6, C6H6

Element•An element is a pure substance that

cannot be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies.

•Elements include things like•Single elements•Au, Ag, Cu

•molecular elements•H2, O2, S8

Mixture•A mixture is a physical blend of two or

more components.•Based on the distribution of their

components, a mixture can be classified as•a heterogeneous mixture•a homogenous mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture•The components of a heterogeneous

mixture are not distributed evenly throughout the mixture.

•For example•chocolate chip cookie•chicken noodle soup•concrete•oil and vinegar salad dressing

Homogeneous Mixture•The components of a homogeneous

mixture are distributed evenly throughout the mixture.

•For example•oil•vinegar•stainless steel•salt water

Phase•Any part of a sample with uniform

properties and composition can be called a phase.•Homogeneous mixtures are, by

definition, single phase mixtures.•Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two

or more phases.

Separating Mixtures•The differences in physical properties of

the components of mixtures can be used to separate them.

•One method is by filtration.•Separating coffee grounds from coffee

when making coffee•One method is by distillation.•Separating water and salt in sea water•Relies on the differences in boiling points

SummaryMatter

Pure SubstanceMixture

ElementCompoundHomogeneousHeterogeneous

singlecomponent

manycomponents

can be brokendown by

chemical means

cannot be broken down

bychemical means

even distributionof components

uneven distributionof components