Classifying Galaxies Activityqueenwhitley.com/files/documents/formation-of-the-solar... ·...
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Classifying
Galaxies Activity
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The Formation of Our Solar System
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The Universe contains billions of
galaxies, each containing millions or
billions of stars.
Therefore, the galaxy in which our
solar system and essentially all of us
live, is just one of billions.
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The Great Beyond
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Types of Galaxies
Spiral: disk
shape with a
spherical bulge
at its center. Has
"arms" which are
made up of
bright bands of
stars. Example:
Andromeda
(nearest major
galaxy to the
Milky Way)
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Types of GalaxiesElliptical: Have
no spiral arms
and usually no
obvious disk.
They have a
central dense
nucleus.
Circular or oval
shape. Most
abundant type
of galaxy, and
can be larger
than spiral.
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Types of GalaxiesBarred: spirals
show the
same spiral
structure as
normal spirals,
and also
a prominent
bar through
the nucleus.
The spiral
arms emerge
from the
end of the bar.The Milky Way
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Types of Galaxies
Irregular:
Certain
galaxies lack
either an
obvious spiral
structure or
nuclear bulge,
appearing
instead as a
random
collection of
stars with no
obvious order.
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The Milky Way Galaxy
▪ Contains single star systems, double star systems, and dust and gas
▪ It is a barred galaxy because it has spiral arms that wind outward from the bar-like center
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The Milky Way Galaxy
• It is over 13 billion years old
• It has a black hole at its center
• Contains over 100 billion planets
• It is over 100,000 light years across.
The sun is 93,000,000 miles away from
the Earth and is only 10 light years
away…
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The Milky Way Galaxy▪ It contains over 300 Billion stars. Most of those
stars have planets orbiting them.
▪ We estimate its size at 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 KM. That is 3.2 billion-billion-billion Earth's!
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Why is it Called the Milky Way?
▪ Thousands of years ago people
thought the stars appeared as a
patchy band of light like a flowing
river of milk, thus the name Milky
Way.
▪ Also, the word galaxy comes from
the Greek word gala, meaning milk.
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Our solar
system
Our solar system
is a single star
system located on
an outer rim (arm)
of the Milky Way
Galaxy.
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Our solar system
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Solar
System
Formation
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The Formation of a Solar System
A solar system begins as a gas
cloud that collapses toward the
center under the influence of
gravity.
A condensation forms at the
center, which is called a
protostar.
A flattened disk of matter
surrounds the protostar, which
begins to shine.
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The Formation of a Solar System
The rising temperature from the
sun removes the gas from the
inner regions, leaving dust and
larger debris.
The planets establish dominance
in their regions of the solar
system.
After almost all of the remaining gas,
dust, and small debris has been
collected by the larger objects, the
solar system takes on the form we
recognize today.
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Our Solar
System
• As viewed from
above, all of the
planets orbit the
Sun in a
counter-
clockwise
direction.
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• Planets and moons
which have no
atmosphere show
scars from impacts
with planetary
debris, called
craters.
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• Asteroids—rocky bodies several
kilometers across which orbit the
sun—are found mainly in the
asteroid belt located between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Even smaller rocky objects, called
meteoroids, are scattered throughout
the solar system.
• Billions of chunks of rock and ice
called comets are located beyond
the orbit of Neptune. Occasionally,
one of these will be pulled toward
the inner solar system and form the
familiar “tails” as it orbits close to
the Sun.
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Two Basic Groups of Planets
TERRESTRIAL
Small size
Low Mass
Higher density
Mostly rock
Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars
JOVIAN
Large size
Massive
Low density
Mostly gas
Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune