Classifying Agricultural Operations for the Farm Environmental Management Survey
description
Transcript of Classifying Agricultural Operations for the Farm Environmental Management Survey
Martin Pantel
Business Surveys Methods Division
Third International Conference on
Establishment Surveys
June 2007
Classifying Agricultural Operations for the Farm Environmental
Management Survey
2
Outline
The 2006 Farm Environmental Management Survey (FEMS)
Targets both Crop and Livestock farms
SolutionsNAICS coding system
New strategy
Some results
3
Background: FEMS 2006
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada initiativeEnvironmental management in the media Importance of agricultural industry in CanadaSupport the industry’s environmental initiatives, address federal and provincial policy needs, and guide sustainable development actions in Canada’s agriculture sector.
Use of 2006 Census of Agriculture dataCATI, ≈ 20,000 farms
4
Background: FEMS 2006
Some farms excluded from FEMS:Total gross sales of less than $10,000
Institutional farms (prisons, research stations, colleges, etc.)
Farms located on Indian reserves
Insufficient livestock inventory / crop area
Greenhouse/sod/nursery operations
Farms in the 3 northern territories.
5
Background: FEMS 2006
Crop vs. Livestock: Different issuesCrop and Nutrient Management, Pesticide Application
Livestock Inventories and Buildings, Manure, Grazing Livestock Management
Some common issues: Land and Water Management, Wildlife Damage, Waste Management and Hazardous Materials, Environmental Farm Plan
6
Problem: Crop or Livestock?
Frame includes Crop and Livestock farmsTwo questionnaires - nobody can receive both
What about the farm that has 30 cows and 50 acres of canola?
Force it into a group based on some criteria
Create a “Mixed” category
7
Solution 1 - NAICS
The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)
Well-established system
Based on main product or group of products, generating at least 50% of the total cash receipts for the farm.
8
NAICS categoriesCattle ranching and farmingHog and pig farmingPoultry and egg productionSheep and goat farmingOther animal productionOilseed and grain farmingVegetable and melon farmingFruit and tree nut farmingGreenhouse, nursery and floriculture productionOther crop farming
Solution 1 - NAICS
9
Solution 1 - NAICS
Coverage, bias problems?Results inferred upon the survey population; but how close is it to the target population?
wheat
CROPS
LIVESTOCK•
•• •
•
••
10
Solution 2 - New approach
Allow for Mixed farms
Crop population: C+M
Livestock population: L+M
C LM
11
Summary measuresCropland: sum of acres for crops of interest (wheat, grain, oilseeds, hay, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, other field crops)
Animal Units (or AUnits): Combines the livestock types of interest (cattle, hogs, poultry) on a uniform scale.
1 AUnit ≈ 1 cow ≈ 5 hogs ≈ 200 chickens
Solution 2 - New approach
12
Solution 2 - New approach
ClassificationA large proportion of any commodity will be produced by a small number of large farms. (e.g. the largest 60% of farms have 95% of the livestock).
Find each farm’s percentile according to each commodity (a “small” livestock farm may still be important for poultry).
13
Classification (cont.)Compare the largest of the farm’s percentiles to the threshold for that province, to see if the farm should be flagged as an important contributor for that type (Crop / Livestock).
If the farm is flagged for both types, it is classified as a Mixed farm.
Solution 2 - New approach
14
Solution 2 - New approach
Example
Farm Cattle Hogs Poultry AUnits
F1 30 25 0 35
F2 2 0 200 3
F3 0 75 0 15
F4 1 0 50 1.25
F5 35 10 1000 42
15
Solution 2 - New approach
Example (cont.)Total AUnits in the province = 96.25
95% of the total = 91.44
How many farms do we need?
Farm AUnits Cumulative Sum
F5 42 42
F1 35 77
F3 15 92
F2 3 95
F4 1.25 96.25
16
Solution 2 - New approach
Example (cont.)By taking the 3 largest of the 5 farms (or 60% of them), 95% of the AUnits are covered.
Set this threshold (0.60) aside for now.
Each farm can get up to four percentiles: one for each livestock commodity they produce and one for AUnits as a whole.
First, sort the cattle farms in increasing order of cattle inventory and find their percentiles.
17
Solution 2 - New approach
Example (cont.)Note: P_Cattle = FarmRank / NumFarms
Merge into the original dataset
Farm No. of Cattle P_Cattle
F4 1 0.25
F2 2 0.50
F1 30 0.75
F5 35 1.00
18
Solution 2 - New approach
Farm Cattle P_Cattle Hogs Poultry AUnits
F1 30 0.75 25 0 35
F2 2 0.50 0 200 3
F3 0 -- 75 0 15
F4 1 0.25 0 50 1.25
F5 35 1.00 10 1000 42
Example (cont.)
19
Solution 2 - New approach
Example (cont.)Repeat the same procedure for the Hog and Poultry producers, as well as for the summary measure AUnits.
Re-merge the results, and compare the largest percentile against the threshold of 0.60.
20
Solution 2 - New approach
Farm P_Cttl P_Hog P_Plt P_AU LFlag
F1 0.75 0.66 -- 0.8 1
F2 0.50 -- 0.66 0.4 1
F3 -- 1.00 -- 0.6 1
F4 0.25 -- 0.33 0.2 0
F5 1.00 0.33 1.00 1.00 1
Example (cont.)
21
Solution 2 - New approach
Repeat the same procedure for crops:Find the threshold (for 95% of Cropland).
Calculate the percentiles according to the 8 crops of interest, and according to the summary measure.
Assign a “Crop flag” accordingly.
Using the two flags, determine if each farm is Crop, Livestock or Mixed.
22
Solution 2 - New approach
Example (cont.)
Farm LvstkFlag CropFlag Type
F1 1 0 Livestock
F2 1 1 Mixed
F3 1 0 Livestock
F4 0 1 Crop
F5 1 0 Livestock
23
Solution 2 - New approach
NC=79,830 NM=35,030 NL=39,976 N=154,836
nC + nMC
= 7,454 + 3,099= 10,553
nL + nML
= 5,782 + 4,377= 10,159
n=20,712
↓ ↓
24
Solution 2 - New approach
Sampling from the Mixed poolResponse burden: cannot sample the same farm for both questionnaires.
Random number assigned to each farm, list of farms sorted accordingly.
Crop / Livestock farms are selected from opposite ends of the list.
25
Coverage
wheat
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
•
••
•
•
••
Results – New approach vs. NAICS
26
Results – New approach vs. NAICS
27
Next Steps
Weighting, EstimationTwo distinct surveys
Crop + Livestock ≠ Canada
Some Canada-wide data available (e.g. Environmental Farm Plan)
Dissemination
Pour plus d’information, veuillez contacter
For more Information please contact
Visit our web site atwww.statcan.ca
Martin Pantel
(613) 951-3029
For more details…