Classification

Vocabulary1.Biodiversity 2. Taxonomy3.Taxon 4. Kingdom5.Domain 6. Phylum7.Division 8. Class9.Order 10. Family11. Genus 12. Species13. Binomial 14. Subspecies Nomenclature

The Art of Naming• There are a lot of different animals

on this planet (Biodiversity) and they all need names.

• The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms is called

taxonomy

Problems?1. Common names can be misleading

Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal!

Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is! Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish

Image from: http://www.alaska.net/~scubaguy/images/seacucumber.jpg

Problems?2. Common names vary from place to place

Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal

Image from: http://www4.d25.k12.id.us/ihil/images/Cougar.jpg

Problems?3. Same organisms have different

names in different countries.

ChipmunkStreifenhörnchen (German)Tamia (Italian)Ardilla listada (Spanish)

Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

Solution?Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN.

RED OAKQuercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis

RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis

setaceo-mucronatis

PROBLEMS?Names too hard and long to remember!

“oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”

Names don’t show relationships between different animals

Questions1. What is the branch of biology

called that names and classifies organisms?

2. What is the problem with common names?

First classification system

• Aristotle– Created 1st classification system– Divided all living organisms into plants

and animals– Did not work because categories were

too broad

Carolus Linnaeus to the rescue

• Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) devised a new system of naming organisms.

• He grouped organisms into categories according to their form and structure.

• He had 7 levels to his organization:Kingdom

PhylumClass

OrderFamily

GenusSpecies

Animal Classification

Animal classification video notes

• Animals are classified based on body size, # of tissue layers, presence or absence of certain organs

• Divided .. With (vertebrates) or without backbone (invertebrates)

• There is ONE phylum for vertebrates • There are 29 PHYLA of inverts • Inverts make up 95% of all organisms • Classification/taxonomy provided the

framework for communication worldwide

Kidspiration by Riedell

How Do I Remember This?

KidsPreferCheeseOverFriedGreen Spinach

KingPhillipCameOverFromGreat Spain

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species

By Using Mnemonics

3. How are organisms classified?

Modern Classification

• Carl Woese introduced the three-domain system.

• All the kingdoms are now divided into the 3 domains:–Archae – includes extreme bacteria–Bacteria – regular bacteria

–Both prokaryotes–Eukarya – eukaryotes (everything

else)

6 Kingdoms & 3 Domains

• Domains– Archaea• Archaebacteria (extreme bacteria)

– Bacteria• Eubacteria (regular bacteria)

– Eukarya• Protista• Plantae• Fungi• Animalia

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Our Focus•Domain – Eukarya

•Kingdom - Animalia

Comparison of Contributors

Aristotle• Created 1st classification

system• Divided all living

organisms into plants and animals

• Did not work because categories were too broad

Linnaeus• Created today’s 7 taxa

system• Largest taxon: Kingdom• Smallest taxon: Species• Created binomial

nomenclature• Gives scientific name

made of genus and species

Woese• Created 3 domain

system

Taxon (taxa plural – any particular group in a taxonomic system

Binomial Nomenclature

• A system of two-part names to identify organisms.

• 1st name is the Genus name– (First Letter is always capitalized)

• 2nd name is the Species identifier– (First letter is always lowercase)

• Both names are either Underlined or written in Italics

Binomial Nomenclature

Vampire batDesmodus rotundus

Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus

Image from: http://212.84.179.117/i/Vampire%20Bat.jpg

Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

Binomial nomenclature

Humans

Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens

Image from: http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/images/photo_baby.jpg

Questions Cont.4. Who came up with a good solution

for naming organisms?

5. What system did he come up with to classify organisms?

6. How did he name organisms?

ABC BrainstormingOn a sheet of paper write the alphabet

down the left side of the paper.Next to each letter write down words

associated with Classification and Taxonomy:

Eg:A – ArchaeaB – BacteriaC – classification