Classification of Matterscientext.weebly.com/.../1/...matter_and_change_2.pdf · Atoms - Extremely...
Transcript of Classification of Matterscientext.weebly.com/.../1/...matter_and_change_2.pdf · Atoms - Extremely...
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Classification of Matter Element, Compound and Mixture
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Atoms - Extremely small building blocks of matter
All matter is composed of atoms
Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller pieces by chemical means
The smallest distinct units in a sample of matter
Elements are made up the same atoms.
Elements cannot be decomposed into other substances.
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Molecule – a combination of 2 0r more atoms (same or different) that are covalently bonded.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance which exhibits the physical and chemical characteristics of the substance.
Diatomic molecules of elements :
H2 O2 Cl2 N2 F2 Br2 I2
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Classification of Matter
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MATTER can be CLASSIFIED into
Pure Substance and Mixtures
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PURE SUBSTANCE can be…..
Element compound
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Pure Substances
Element
composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
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ELEMENTS can be…..
METAL - An element that is shiny, malleable,
and a good, conductor of heat and electricity; located
to the left of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
METALLOID - An element with properties that lie
between metal and non-metal. They are sometimes called
semi-conductors.
NON METAL - An element with little or no
luster and a poor conductorof heat and electricity; located
on the rigt of the zigzag line of the Periodic Table.
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Substances: element or compound
Elements- simplest kind of matter
– cannot be broken down any simpler and
still have properties of that element!
– all one kind of atom.
Compounds are substances that can be
broken down only by chemical methods
– when broken down, the pieces have
completely different properties than the
original compound.
– made of two or more atoms, chemically
combined (not just a physical blend!)
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COMPOUNDS can be…..
Inorganic Compound doesn’t have Carbon
Organic Compound that has Carbon
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COMPOUNDS can also be
ACID BASE Salt
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ACID · tastes sour
· reacts with some metals
· changes blue litmus paper to red
· Reacts with base to form salt
BASE · Has bitter and biting taste
· Feels slippery
· Changes red litmus to blue
· Reacts with acid to form salt
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When acid and base react together, a
reaction called neutralization occurs and salt
is formed
SALT
amphoteric A substance that is both an acid and a base
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SUBSTANCES LEVEL
Hydrochloric acid 0.1
Sulfuric acid 0.3
Gastric Acid 1.0
Lemon juice 2.5
Vinegar 3.0
Oranges 3.5
Grapes 4.0
Sour milk 4.4
Black Coffee 5.0
Acid Rain 5.6
Urine 6.0
Fresh milk 6.5
neutral PURE WATER 7.0
Blood Plasma 7.4
Seawater 7.9
Baking soda solution 8.5
Toothpaste 9.0
Borax solution 9.2
Milk of magnesia 10.5
Limewater 11.0
Ammonia water 11.6
Sodium hydroxide 14.0
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Effects of Acid Rain on Marble (marble is calcium carbonate)
George Washington:
BEFORE acid rain
George Washington:
AFTER acid rain
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Compound vs. Mixture
Compound Mixture
Made of one kind
of material
Made of more than
one kind of material
Made by a
chemical change
Made by a
physical change
Definite
composition
Variable
composition
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Which is it?
Element Compound Mixture
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MIXTURES can be … Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
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Mix t ure
May be separated into pure
substances by physical methods
Mixtures of different compositions
may have widely different properties.
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Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure
substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
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Mixtures are a physical blend of at least two substances; have variable composition. They can be either:
1) Heterogeneous – the mixture is not uniform in composition
• Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.
2) Homogeneous - same composition
throughout; called “solutions”
• Kool-aid, air, salt water
Every part keeps it’s own properties.
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Phase? The term “phase” is used to describe
any part of a sample with uniform
composition of properties.
A homogeneous mixture consists of a
single phase
A heterogeneous mixture consists of
two or more phases.
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MIXTURES can be …
SOLUTION COLLOID SUSPENSION
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SOLUTION Solution
– homogeneous
– very small particles
– no Tyndall effect Tyndall Effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol
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COLLOID Colloid
– heterogeneous
– medium-sized particles
– Tyndall effect
– particles don’t settle
– EX: milk
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SUSPENSION Suspension
– heterogeneous
– large particles
– Tyndall effect
– particles settle
– EX: fresh-squeezed
lemonade
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Element, Compound, and Mixture Mechanics:
1. The teacher will give names of objects or matter
2. Classify the given examples if it is an element, compound or
mixture.
If the material/ example is an element the participant will stand
alone. (1 person only)
3. If the example given is a compound they will need to group their
selves into 3.
4. If the example is a mixture they will need to group their selves
into 7.
5. The member who fails to find a group will be out of the game.
6. The final 5 participants left at the end of the game wins.
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Salad
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SILICON
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Butter
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Air
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Oxygen molecule (O2)
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Seawater
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Salt
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SULFUR
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H2O2
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1. menudo
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2. Silver
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EXAMPLE 1
Convert 254 cm to _____ inches 3. sugar
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4. Copper
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5. vinegar
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6. Soil
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7. Carbon Dioxide
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8.
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9. Blood
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10. Orange juice
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Separating Mixtures
Some can be separated easily by physical
means: rocks and marbles, iron filings and
sulfur (use magnet)
Differences in physical properties can be
used to separate mixtures.
Filtration - separates a solid from the liquid
in a heterogeneous mixture (by size)
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Separation of a Mixture
Components of dyes such as ink may be
separated by paper chromatography.
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Separation of a Mixture
Distillation: takes advantage
of different boiling points.
NaCl boils at 1415 oC
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Physical Separation
Techniques
By eye
Filtration to separate solid and
liquid
Distillation to separate two or more
liquids with different boiling points
Chromatography to separate pure
liquids or solutions of compounds
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Magnetic A process of separating mixture of magnetic and non magnetic materials by using magnet
Sifting A process of separating components of dry mixture by using a sieve.
Decantation
A process of separating coarse solid particles from liquid by
allowing the mixture to stand in a container for sometime until the solid
particles settle at the bottom and pour the liquid in another container.
Filtration A process of separating insoluble solid from liquid by pouring
the mixture through a filter funnel lined with filter paper. Remove
residue and get the filtrate.
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Centrifugation
Process of separating insoluble solid from liquid by using a
centrifuge which spins rapidly and lets the solid precipitates settle at the
bottom.
Evaporation
Also known as crystallization. A process used to separate non
volatile soluble solid involving the change of state of liquid into vapour.
Distillation
A process of separating liquid from a solution by boiling the liquid
solution and then condensing the vapour produced back into liquid.
Paper chromatography
A process of separating colored components in a mixture by
allowing different parts of the mixture to move through an absorbing
material at different rates due to capillary action or solubility
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A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically
separated?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Compound
Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically
decomposed? no yes Is the composition
uniform? no yes
Colloids Suspensions
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Mixtures
Examples:
mayonnaise
muddy water
fog
saltwater
Italian salad
dressing
colloid
suspension
colloid
solution
suspension
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A. Matter Flowchart
Examples:
sodium
Halo-halo
sugar (sucrose)
air
soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
homo. mixture
solution
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Classifying Matter